Tannin and chemical-based agents for coagulation and flocculation of landfill leachate

Effluents generated in landfills are difficult to treat and require different forms of treatment to reach the necessary polishing for disposal. Leachate is usually treated in stabilization ponds where pollutants are significantly removed, but it might not be enough for disposal. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the applicability of the natural coagulant Tanfloc SG and the chemical coagulant PAC, with the addition of the anionic flocculation auxiliary polymer (PA), in the coagulation / flocculation processes as a post-treatment of landfill effluents. The tests were carried out by means of a jar test, with coagulant dosage ranging from 0 - 1,250 mg.L-1 and pH values ranging from 5 - 9, in three decantation times. The results showed that both Tanfloc SG and PAC are efficient in clarifying the effluents, even though they act well in different dosage values of coagulants and pH. The polymer dosage did not generate significant improvements in the variations of the variables studied, however, in some experiments it was shown to expand removal range in regards to some variables. The PAC coagulant showed to be efficient in the removal of suspended solids, dissolved materials, colloidals and humic substances, and Tanfloc SG acted mainly in the removal of solids.

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Chitosan from Mytilus virdis linneaus Shell as A Natural Coagulant

10.31227/osf.io/uczk5 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

sinardi ◽

Prayatni Soewondo ◽

Suprihanto Notodarmojo

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Raw Material ◽

Marine Resources ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Turbid Water ◽

Natural Coagulant ◽

Coagulation And Flocculation ◽

Coagulant Dosage ◽

Flocculation Process

Green mussels (Mytilus virdis linnaeus) shell is one of the marine resources that can be used as raw material chitosan. Coagulant can remove turbidity through coagulation and flocculation process using coagulant. Biopolymers from natural coagulant safer and environmentally friendly so can subtitute synthetic coagulant. The use of chitosan as a coagulant in this study used synthetic turbid water using distilled water, suspended solids representing kaolin and humic acids which represents organic matter. Chitosan was used with variations in pH and coagulant dosage. Chitosan remove turbidity optimum at pH 7 at a dose of 300 mg/L of 95.15%.

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Dosage and pH optimization on stabilized landfill leachate via coagulation-flocculation process

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201825006007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 250 ◽

pp. 06007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siti Nor Aishah Mohd-Salleh ◽

Nur Shaylinda Mohd-Zin ◽

Norzila Othman ◽

Nur Syahirah Mohd-Amdan ◽

Fitryaliah Mohd-Shahli

Keyword(s):

Landfill Leachate ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Jar Test ◽

Coagulant Dosage ◽

Conventional Optimization ◽

Ph Optimization ◽

Flocculation Process

Treatment on the generated landfill leachate is crucial as it can cause serious toxicological effects and environmental hazards, particularly when the unfavorable contaminants are left accumulated for a long period of time. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum coagulant dosage of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) in selected dosage ranges (2250-4500 mg/L) and to analyse the ideal pH of leachate sample (pH 3-10). PAC was tested on stabilized leachate taken from Simpang Renggam Landfill Site (SRLS), by investigating the percentage removals of five significant parameters, which were suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, and heavy metals (iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr)). The removal efficiency was determined by a series of experiments using jar test. From the obtained results, it was found that 3750 mg/L and pH 7 were the optimum conditions for PAC dosage and sample pH, respectively. The conventional optimization test showed satisfactory results for suspended solids, COD, Fe, and Cr at 95%, 53%, 97%, and 79% respectively, but had low removal on ammonia at 18%. It can be concluded that the coagulation-flocculation process has the potential to be applied as a primary treatment for stabilized landfill leachate in Malaysia.

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Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide

Water ◽

10.3390/w13213062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 3062

Author(s):

Siti Fatihah Ramli ◽

Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽

Fatehah Mohd Omar ◽

Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽

Herni Halim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Landfill Leachate ◽

Settling Tank ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Ph Values ◽

Jar Test ◽

Coagulant Dosage ◽

Sludge Properties ◽

Mature Landfill Leachate ◽

Tin Tetrachloride

Tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) as a coagulant and rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) (RS), and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the coagulant aid were investigated in this work to treat matured and stabilised landfill leachate rich in COD and colour. A standard jar test was conducted at different pH values and dosages of coagulant/coagulant aid. When SnCl4 acted as the primary coagulant, the optimum conditions occurred at pH 8 and 10,000 mg/L dosages, with 97.3% and 81% reductions of colour and COD, respectively. Both RS and PAM were not effective when used alone. When RS was used as the coagulant aid, the dosage of SnCl4 was reduced to 8000 mg/L. The colour reduction was maintained at 97.6%, but the COD removal dropped to 43.1%. In comparison, when PAM was supplemented into 6000 mg/L SnCl4, the reduction in colour was maintained at 97.6%, and the COD removal was almost at par when SnCl4 was used alone. The addition of polymers as the coagulant aid helped in improving the sludge properties with a better settling rate (SSR) and larger flocs size. The decline of the SVI value indicates that less amount of sludge will be disposed of after the treatment. In addition, the rise of settling velocity (SSR) will reduce the size of the settling tank used in coagulation-flocculation treatment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that incorporation of coagulant aid into the treatment reduced the primary coagulant dosage without affecting the removal performances of pollutants.

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Dioscorea hispida Starch as a Novel Natural Coagulant in Textile Wastewater Treatment

Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences ◽

10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.2.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽

Farrandie Juni ◽

Zaber Ahmed ◽

Motasem Azaiza ◽

Hamidi Abdul Aziz

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Natural Coagulant ◽

Jar Test ◽

Coagulant Dosage ◽

Textile Wastewater Treatment ◽

General Physical ◽

Starch Yield

The process of coagulation-flocculation using Dioscorea hispida starch as a natural coagulant was investigated for the purification of textile effluent from several dyeing and finishing mills. The major parameters tested were COD, turbidity, and color. Prior to conducting the experiments, the general physical characteristics of Dioscorea hispida starch were investigated. The optimal conditions, pH and coagulant dosage were assessed using a jar test. The results demonstrated that the Dioscorea hispida starch yield was 15.38% of Dioscorea hispida dry weight. Pulverizing of Dioscorea hispida mass also resulted in approximately 10-15% of impurities in the final product. The optimal pH of 7 resulted in maximum COD, turbidity and color reductions of 28%, 94% and 64% respectively. The optimum dosage of Dioscorea hispida starch of 2500 mg/L resulted in a maximum reduction of 22%, 93%, 63%, of COD, turbidity, and color, respectively. Overall, this study confirmed that the utilization of Dioscorea hispida starch as a natural coagulant offers a relatively good removal efficiency in textile wastewater treatment.

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Dragon Fruit Foliage Plant-Based Coagulant for Treatment of Concentrated Latex Effluent: Comparison of Treatment with Ferric Sulfate

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/230860 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juferi Idris ◽

Ayub Md Som ◽

Mohibah Musa ◽

Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽

Rafidah Husen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suspended Solids ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Ferric Sulfate ◽

South American ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Turbidity Removal ◽

Natural Coagulant ◽

Jar Test ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Foliage Plant

The effectiveness of dragon fruit foliage as a natural coagulant for treatment of concentrated latex effluent was investigated and compared with ferric sulfate, a chemical coagulant. Dragon fruit is a round and often red-colored fruit with scales-like texture and is native to south American countries which is also cultivated and heavily marketed in southeast Asian countries. Its foliage represents a part of its overall plant system. Latex effluent is one of the main byproduct from rubber processing factories in Malaysia. Three main parameters investigated were chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of latex effluent pH as well as coagulation dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages for foliage were observed for effluent pH 10 at 94.7, 88.9, and 99.7%, respectively. It is concluded that the foliage showed tremendous potential as a natural coagulant for water treatment purposes. The foliage could be used in the pretreatment stage of Malaysian latex effluent prior to secondary treatment.

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Plant-Based Tacca leontopetaloides Biopolymer Flocculant (TBPF) Produced High Removal of Turbidity, TSS, and Color for Leachate Treatment

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8050527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 527

Author(s):

Nurul Shuhada Mohd Makhtar ◽

Juferi Idris ◽

Mohibah Musa ◽

Yoshito Andou ◽

Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Water Industry ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Ph Values ◽

Jar Test ◽

Industry Applications ◽

Human Use

Wastewater treatment is crucial to ensure a sustainable supply of clean water, especially for human use. Natural flocculants can overcome the disadvantages of chemical flocculants in wastewater treatment. This study proposes a new natural-based flocculant from the Tacca leontopetaloides plant for leachate treatment. The plant tuber was processed through gelatinization to produce Tacca leontopetaloides biopolymer flocculant (TBPF). The characterization of TBPF for flocculant properties was investigated, and the performance of TBPF on leachate treatment using a standard jar test procedure was examined at different pH values of leachate and TBPF dosages. The characteristics of TBPF in terms of amylose/amylopectin fraction, viscosity, and zeta potential were 26:74, 0.037–0.04 Pa·s, and −13.14 mV, respectively. The presence of –COOH and –OH structure in TBPF indicates the flocculant properties. TBPF reduced the turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and color from 218 NTU, 214 mg/L, 14201 PtCo to 45.8–54.5 NTU, 19.3–19.9 mg/L, and 852–994 PtCo, respectively, using 240 mg/L of TBPF at pH 3. These results show a high potential of the new plant-based TBPF for leachate treatment and water industry applications.

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Coagulation: Determination of Key Operating Parameters by Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions

Water ◽

10.3390/w11020398 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 398 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marina Corral Bobadilla ◽

Rubén Lorza ◽

Rubén Escribano García ◽

Fátima Somovilla Gómez ◽

Eliseo Vergara González

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Regression Models ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Colloidal Particles ◽

Total Suspended Solids ◽

Natural Coagulant ◽

Desirability Functions ◽

Coagulant Dosage

The clarification process removes colloidal particles that are suspended in waste water. The efficiency of this process is influenced by a series of inputs or parameters of the coagulation process, of which the most commonly used are initial turbidity, natural coagulant dosage, temperature, mixing speed and mixing time. The estimation of the natural coagulant dosage that is required to effectively remove these total suspended solids is usually determined by a jar test. This test seeks to achieve the highest efficiency of removal of the total suspended solids while reducing the final turbidity of waste water. This is often configured in iterative fashion, and requires significant experimentation and coagulant. This paper seeks to identify regression models that relate the clarification process parameters to the process outputs (final turbidity and total suspend solid) by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on experiments of Central Composite Design (CCD) of experiments that involve three emerging natural coagulants. Several clarification process scenarios also were proposed and demonstrated using the Multi-Response Surface (MRS) with desirability functions. The experimental results were found to be in close agreement to what are provided by the regression models. This validates the use of the MRS-based methodology to achieve satisfactory predictions after minimal experimentation.

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The Potential Use of Nephelium lappaceum Seed as Coagulant–Coagulant Aid in the Treatment of Semi-Aerobic Landfill Leachate

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽

Nur Syahirah Rahmat ◽

Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza

Keyword(s):

Landfill Leachate ◽

Potential Application ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Jar Test ◽

Nephelium Lappaceum ◽

Flocculation Process ◽

Potential Use ◽

Chemical Materials

Chemical-based coagulants and flocculants are commonly used in the coagulation–flocculation process. However, the drawbacks of using these chemical materials have triggered researchers to find natural materials to substitute or reduce the number of chemical-based coagulants and flocculants. This study examines the potential application of Nephelium lappaceum seeds as a natural coagulant–coagulant aid with Tin (IV) chloride (SnCl4) in eliminating suspended solids (SS), colour, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate. Results showed that the efficiency of Nephelium lappaceum was low when used as the main coagulant in the standard jar test. When SnCl4 was applied as a single coagulant, as much as 98.4% of SS, 96.8% of colour and 82.0% of COD was eliminated at an optimal dose of 10.5 g/L and pH 7. The higher removal efficiency of colour (88.8%) was obtained when 8.40 g/L of SnCl4 was applied with a support of 3 g/L of Nephelium lappaceum. When SnCl4 was utilised as a coagulant, and Nephelium lappaceum seed was used as a flocculant, the removal of pollutants generally improved. Overall, this research showed that Nephelium lappaceum seed is a viable natural alternative for treating landfill leachate as a coagulant aid.

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Effects of using Tamarindus indica Seeds as a natural coagulant aid in landfill leachate treatment

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002462 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 373-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Landfill Leachate ◽

Tamarindus Indica ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Polyaluminum Chloride ◽

Natural Coagulant ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Jar Test ◽

Uncontrolled Landfill ◽

Flocculation Process

Uncontrolled landfill leachate generation portends danger to the environment and aquatic ecosystem, especially without prior treatment before discharge. The application of Al-based coagulants, such as polyaluminum chloride (PACl), has the potential of introducing Al residuals into water bodies. Therefore, an alternative natural coagulant was recommended to reduce the usage of Al-based coagulants. In this study, a coagulation–flocculation process using the combination of PACl as coagulant and Tamarindus indica seed (TiS) as coagulant aid was used in treating the landfill leachate from the Alor Pongsu Landfill Site in Malaysia. Some of the optimum operational conditions determined were the pH and dosage of the coagulant aid, and their effect was considered on parameters, such as suspended solids (SS), color, and COD, using standard jar test procedures. The combination of TiS flocculant reduced the dosage of PACl coagulant from 5,000 mg/L to 2,750 mg/L with removal efficiencies of 99.3%, 97.3%, and 67.4% for SS, color, and COD, respectively.

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A Preliminary Study of Banana Stem Juice as a Plant-Based Coagulant for Treatment of Spent Coolant Wastewater

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/165057 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Habsah Alwi ◽

Juferi Idris ◽

Mohibah Musa ◽

Ku Halim Ku Hamid

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Turbidity Removal ◽

Natural Coagulant ◽

Jar Test ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Banana Stem

The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of spent coolant wastewater was investigated . Three main parameters were studied, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SSs), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of spent coolant wastewater pH as well as banana stem juice dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages by banana stem juice were 80.1%, 88.6%, and 98.5%, respectively, observed for effluent at pH 7 using 90 mL dosage. The inulin concentration in the banana stem was examined to be 1.22016 mg/mL. It could be concluded that banana stem juice showed tremendous potential as a natural coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pretreatment stage of Malaysian spent coolant wastewater prior to secondary treatment.

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