scholarly journals Promising chemical barrier substance applied to ichthyofauna in hydroelectric plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wllyane Silva Figueiredo ◽  
Tania Machado da Silva ◽  
Luiz Fabrício Zara
Keyword(s):  
Draft Tube ◽  
Work Safety ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Dangerous Situation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
Alarm Substances

In hydroelectric plants, there are, on a regular or untimely basis, shutdowns of the generating units in order to carry out some maneuvers for tests and mechanical maintenance. The low operating flow increases the probability of accumulation of ichthyofauna in the draft tube. As a result, the variables that determine the quality of water can change, which requires a broad and coordinated human effort to rescue trapped fish. In addition to the risks related to work safety, there are large economic liabilities as a result of the downtime of the generating units. To minimize this problem, it is necessary to improve techniques for repelling fish from risk areas. The detection of chemical substances in water is one of the most efficient methods of communication between fish. Thus, this study presents a brief review of alarm substances, which are released by the fish epidermis as a sign of defensive response to a dangerous situation and are promising for use as a chemical barrier in the hydroelectric sector.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Biofilter untuk Mengurangi Pemakaian Bahan Kimia dalam Proses Pengolahan Air Estuary

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ketut Gede Suryawan ◽  
I Gede Mahardika Mahardika ◽  
I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substance ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Aluminum Sulphate ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Effect Of Chlorine

The process to supply the drinking water will also be expensive due to the decreasing quality of water it self. Some chemical substances are needed in high quantity  to produce healthy water from Badung River, such as chlorine and aluminum sulphat (Al SO4). This is because the polutants of water in Badung River is really high.            To decrease the use of the amount of chemical subtances and to avoid the side effect of chlorine on water which is highly organic, so this research was done through the use of biofilter. This biofilter is like bee-hive which is made from plastic. This micro-organism would scatter the organic substance and ammonia. In this case, iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) would be oxydized by the air and water from the blower. On the next step, the measurement of the content in each organic substance, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia  was done on the streaming water and the water that was out from biofilter reactor. In every parameter, the sampel was taken periodically from 1 to 6 hours hydrolic-setting time. The testing of using aluminum sulphate and the needs of chlorine was done in every 1 to 6 hours hydrolic-setting time.        The result of the research told us that for 6 hours hydrolic- setting time could decrease 38.78% the organic substance, iron ( Fe) 41.93%, manganese (Mn) 55.32%, ammonia 75.40%,  nitrite 55.32%, but nitrate increased up to 53.85%. The increase of nitrate is still tolerable based on the law of governor (Pergub) Bali No. 8 year 2007. The use of chemical substance, in this case aluminum sulphat could be decreased up to 10 ppm and chlorine (gas) could also be decreased until 10 ppm.

Reflecting the Sky in Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cristofaro
Keyword(s):  
The Unconscious ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Auto Ethnography ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Water ◽  
Land Water

From a phenomenological perspective, the reflective quality of water has a visually dramatic impact, especially when combined with the light of celestial phenomena. However, the possible presence of water as a means for reflecting the sky is often undervalued when interpreting archaeoastronomical sites. From artificial water spaces, such as ditches, huacas and wells to natural ones such as rivers, lakes and puddles, water spaces add a layer of interacting reflections to landscapes. In the cosmological understanding of skyscapes and waterscapes, a cross-cultural metaphorical association between water spaces and the underworld is often revealed. In this research, water-skyscapes are explored through the practice of auto-ethnography and reflexive phenomenology. The mirroring of the sky in water opens up themes such as the continuity, delimitation and manipulation of sky phenomena on land: water spaces act as a continuation of the sky on earth; depending on water spaces’ spatial extension, selected celestial phenomena can be periodically reflected within architectures, so as to make the heavenly dimension easily accessible and a possible object of manipulation. Water-skyscapes appear as specular worlds, where water spaces are assumed to be doorways to the inner reality of the unconscious. The fluid properties of water have the visual effect of dissipating borders, of merging shapes, and, therefore, of dissolving identities; in the inner landscape, this process may represent symbolic death experiences and rituals of initiation, where the annihilation of the individual allows the creative process of a new life cycle. These contextually generalisable results aim to inspire new perspectives on sky-and-water related case studies and give value to the practice of reflexive phenomenology as crucial method of research.

Chất lượng nước ở Bắc Bình dựa trên các kết quả phân tích hóa học và vi sinh

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-497
Author(s):  
Phan Thị Kim Văn ◽  
Bùi Trần Vượng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

The quality of water in Bac Binh according to chemical and microbiological analyses

Spatial and Temporal variation analysis of water quality of Hemavathi River, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Santhosh K. M ◽  
S. Prashanth
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Origin Point

Urban development, agricultural runoff and industrialization have contributed pollution loading on the environment.  In this study Hemavathi river water from a stretch from its origin point to its sangama was studied for pollution load by determining parameters of water quality like pH, Alkalinity,  Ca, Mg, Nitrate, TDS, BOD, COD , and the results were compared with WHO and BIS standards to draw final conclusion on the quality of water.

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater and Effect of Climatic Change in Angul-Talcher Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Aliva Bera ◽  
D.P. Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Simulation Based

In this paper, the linear regression model using ANN and the linear regression model using MS Excel were developed to estimate the physico-chemical concentrations in groundwater using pH, EC, TDS, TH, HCO3 as input parameters and Ca, Mg and K as output parameters. A comparison was made which indicated that ANN model had the better ability to estimate the physic-chemical concentrations in groundwater. An analytical survey along with simulation based tests for finding the climatic change and its effect on agriculture and water bodies in Angul-Talcher area is done. The various seasonal parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, TDS,TSS along with heavy elements like Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn concentration in water resources has been analyzed. For past 30 years rainfall data has been analyzed and water quality index values has been studied to find normal and abnormal quality of water resources and matlab based simulation has been done for performance analysis. All results has been analyzed and it is found that the condition is stable. 

Hydro-geochemical properties with respect to landuse in the southernmost river of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badusha M. ◽  
Santhosh S
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water

The hydro geochemical features of Neyyar River for a period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed. Six sampling sites were fixed considering physiography and present landuse pattern of the river basin. The residents in the drainage basin are primarily responsible for framing a better landuse and thereby maintain a good water and sediment regime. Geospatial pattern of the present landuse of the study area indicated that the sustainability of this river ecosystem is in danger due to unscientific landuse practices, which is reflected in the river quality as well. The parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, chloride, Biological Oxygen Demand, total hardness and sulphate of river water and Organic Carbon of river bed sediments were analyzed in this study. The overall analysis shows that the highland areas are characterized by better quality of water together with low organic carbon, which is mainly due to better landuse and minimal reclamation. The midland and lowland areas are characterized by poor quality of water with high organic carbon, which is due to high anthropogenic activities and maximum pollutants associated with the region together with the alteration in landuse from a traditional eco-friendly pattern to a severely polluted current pattern.

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