The Dry Plant Extract of Common Bean Seed (Phaseoli Vulgari Pericarpium) does not Have an Affect on Postprandial Glycemia in Healthy Human Subject

The aim of present study was to assess the effects and safety of a dry Phaseoli vulgari pericarpium (PVP) extract on postprandial glycemia in healthy participants. A randomized crossover experiment where participants received either PVP extract or placebo. Chemical compounds in dry extract were assessed by established methods. Eighteen healthy participants (9 male and 9 female) aged 29+/-4,8 years, body mass index (BMI) 23+/-3,7 kg/m(2) were recruited among students and staff at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade. All participants were able to follow the study protocol without difficulty. The participants received either PVP extract or placebo 30 minutes before a 50g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The protocol followed the guidelines for the OGTT with blood samples drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. This study demonstrated that there was no significantly effect of the PVP extract on incremental blood glucose (IBG) and their areas under the curve (AUC) neither male nor female participants. However, IBG together with AUC changes were significantly lower in male compared with female participants in treated and untreated groups. The presence of chrome, soluble fiber, vitamin C, protein, glucose and lectins were also quantified. The applied amount of PVP extract was unable to produce the postprandial hypoglycemia. We assumed that amounts of chrome, soluble fiber, vitamin C which have beneficial effects on diabetes treatment were sufficient to produce hypoglycemia.

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Five batches representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng root produce comparable reductions of postprandial glycemia in healthy individualsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y07-030 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 85 (9) ◽

pp. 856-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Anamaria Dascalu ◽

John L. Sievenpiper ◽

Alexandra L. Jenkins ◽

Mark P. Stavro ◽

Lawrence A. Leiter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

American Ginseng ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Ginseng Root ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Natural Health Products ◽

Water Control ◽

Postprandial Glycemia

Evidence indicates that the glycemia-lowering effect of American ginseng root may be batch dependent. We therefore evaluated the effect of 5 root batches, representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng, on postprandial glucose and insulin indices. Twelve healthy subjects (5 male, 7 female), mean ± SE age 26.5 ± 2 years, body mass index 23.96 ± 3.41 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose 4.77 ± 0.04 mmol/L, were assigned to consume 9 g of American ginseng from 5 farms (A–E), administered in randomized sequence on 5 separate visits, and a water-control during the 6th and last visit. Treatments were consumed 40 min before a 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at baseline, before, and during the test. Compared with control, batches A and C reduced glucose incremental area under the curve (IAUC) by 35.2% (156 vs. 240 mmol·min/L) and 32.6% (162 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), respectively. Batches A, C, and E reduced incremental peak glucose by 1.3, 1.2, and 1.1 mmol/L, respectively. Batch C reduced the insulin IAUC by 27.7% (15.8 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L). Effects on glucose and insulin parameters were not different across ginseng treatments. The mean of the 5 ginseng treatments reduced peak postprandial glucose by 1.0 mmol/L, glucose IAUC by 27.7% (173 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), and insulin IAUC by 23.8% (16.6 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L) relative to control. (All results statistically significant at p < 0.05.) American ginseng decreased postprandial glycemia and insulinemia; however, 40% of the batches did not reduce glycemia with the anticipated magnitude, irrespective of their saponin composition.

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Chronic peptide-based GIP receptor inhibition exhibits modest glucose metabolic changes in mice when administered either alone or combined with GLP-1 agonism

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0249239

Author(s):

Jason A. West ◽

Anastasia Tsakmaki ◽

Soumitra S. Ghosh ◽

David G. Parkes ◽

Rikke V. Grønlund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Chronic Administration ◽

Dual Therapy ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Gut Hormone ◽

Gip Receptor

Combinatorial gut hormone therapy is one of the more promising strategies for identifying improved treatments for metabolic disease. Many approaches combine the established benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonism with one or more additional molecules with the aim of improving metabolic outcomes. Recent attention has been drawn to the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) system due to compelling pre-clinical evidence describing the metabolic benefits of antagonising the GIP receptor (GIPR). We rationalised that benefit might be accrued from combining GIPR antagonism with GLP-1 agonism. Two GIPR peptide antagonists, GIPA-1 (mouse GIP(3–30)NH2) and GIPA-2 (NαAc-K10[γEγE-C16]-Arg18-hGIP(5–42)), were pharmacologically characterised and both exhibited potent antagonist properties. Acute in vivo administration of GIPA-1 during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) had negligible effects on glucose tolerance and insulin in lean mice. In contrast, GIPA-2 impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated circulating insulin levels. A mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) was used to investigate the potential metabolic benefits of chronic dosing of each antagonist, alone or in combination with liraglutide. Chronic administration studies showed expected effects of liraglutide, lowering food intake, body weight, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations while improving glucose sensitivity, whereas delivery of either GIPR antagonist alone had negligible effects on these parameters. Interestingly, chronic dual therapy augmented insulin sensitizing effects and lowered plasma triglycerides and free-fatty acids, with more notable effects observed with GIPA-1 compared to GIPA-2. Thus, the co-administration of both a GIPR antagonist with a GLP1 agonist uncovers interesting beneficial effects on measures of insulin sensitivity, circulating lipids and certain adipose stores that seem influenced by the degree or nature of GIP receptor antagonism.

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The effects of natural nano-sized clinoptilolite and Nigella sativa supplementation on serum bone markers in diabetic rats

Bioimpacts ◽

10.15171/bi.2019.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 173-178

Author(s):

Yalda Salari Lak ◽

Sirous Khorram ◽

Mehran Mesgari Abbasi ◽

Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽

Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Markers ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Study Groups ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Beneficial Effects

Introduction: Many studies confirm that diabetes mellitus is associated with higher risks of bone fracture. The beneficial effects of Nigella sativa (NS) and clinoptilolite in preventing/reducing some diabetes-related disorders have been shown. This study was conducted to examine the effects of separate and concurrent supplementation of natural nano-sized clinoptilolite (NCLN) and NS on serum bone markers in rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 42 (case=36 and control=6) adult male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: diabetic and non-diabetic. An oral glucose tolerance test and a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) test were conducted to confirm diabetes. Then, the diabetic group was divided into 4 subgroups: [1] control (n=9), [2] NS 1%/food (n=9), [3] NCLN 2%/food (n=9), [4] NS 1%/food + NCLN 2%/food (n=9). After 7 weeks, serum levels of bone markers were determined using ELISA kits. Results: Analysis showed that serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the NCLN group (1318.6 ± 217.5 U/L) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other intervented groups. On the other hand, serum levels of calcium in NCLN+NS group (10.8 ± 2.6 mg/dL) were higher (P=0.027) compared to all other study groups. However, rats in the NS group had higher (535.8 ± 49.3 pg/mL) PTH (P<0.0001) compared to other supplementation groups. There were no significant differences in vitamin D and osteoprotegerin. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that bone mineralization may be affected by concurrent use of NS and NCLN through influencing calcium circulation. Moreover, dietary NS administration is strongly related to an augmented level of PTH.

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Delphinidin-Rich Maqui Berry Extract (Delphinol®) Lowers Fasting and Postprandial Glycemia and Insulinemia in Prediabetic Individuals during Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/9070537 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jorge L. Alvarado ◽

Andrés Leschot ◽

Álvaro Olivera-Nappa ◽

Ana-María Salgado ◽

Hernán Rioseco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Postprandial Glycemia ◽

Glucose Intake ◽

Rice Consumption ◽

Maqui Berry ◽

Total Glucose

Delphinidin anthocyanins have previously been associated with the inhibition of glucose absorption. Blood glucose lowering effects have been ascribed to maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) extracts in humans after boiled rice consumption. In this study, we aimed to explore whether a standardized delphinidin-rich extract from maqui berry (Delphinol) affects glucose metabolism in prediabetic humans based on glycemia and insulinemia curves obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after a challenge with pure glucose. Volunteers underwent four consecutive OGTTs with at least one week washout period, in which different doses of Delphinol were administered one hour before glucose intake. Delphinol significantly and dose-dependently lowered basal glycemia and insulinemia. Lower doses delayed postprandial glycemic and insulinemic peaks, while higher doses reversed this tendency. Glycemia peaks were dose-dependently lowered, while insulinemia peaks were higher for the lowest dose and lower for other doses. The total glucose available in blood was unaffected by treatments, while the total insulin availability was increased by low doses and decreased by the highest dose. Taken together, these open exploratory results suggest that Delphinol could be acting through three possible mechanisms: by inhibition of intestinal glucose transporters, by an incretin-mediated effect, or by improving insulin sensitivity.

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RESEARCH OF HYPOGLYCEMIC PROPERTIES OF DRY EXTRACT OF VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS L.

Medical and Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2016.v0.i2.6669 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Kh. I. Kurylo ◽

I. M. Klishch ◽

A. S. Volska ◽

O. Z. Barchuk

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽

Hypoglycemic Effect ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Vaccinium Myrtillus L

The hypoglycemic effect and effective dose of dry extract of Vaccinium Myrtillus L. via oral glucose tolerance test on rats were presented in the paper. The most apparent hypoglycemic activity of dry extract of Vaccinium Myrtillus L. was observed in dose of 50 mg/kg. Such results can be applied in the further pharmacological studies for creating new medicine with hypoglycemic effect based on it.

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Growth Hormone and Sex Steroid Effects on Serum Glucose, Insulin, and Lipid Concentrations in Healthy Older Women and Men

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2009-1275 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 3833-3841 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Thomas Münzer ◽

S. Mitchell Harman ◽

John D. Sorkin ◽

Marc R. Blackman

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Beneficial Effects

Context: With aging, GH, IGF-I, and sex steroid concentrations and glucose tolerance decrease, and body fat and serum lipids increase. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess GH and/or sex steroid administration effects on serum glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity, and lipids in older individuals. Design: A double-masked, 2 × 2 factorial, placebo-controlled, double-dummy design was used for the study. Intervention: GH and/or sex steroid [transdermal estradiol plus oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in women (HRT); testosterone enanthate (T) in men] were administered for 6 months. Participants: Healthy, community-dwelling women (n = 57) and men (n = 74) ages 65–88 yr (mean, 72 yr) participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: We measured serum glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity [quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI)] before and during an oral glucose tolerance test and lipid profiles. Results: In women, GH did not alter oral glucose tolerance test 120 min or 2-h area under the curve (AUC) glucose values, but it increased 120 min insulin and AUC insulin. There were no significant effects of HRT or GH+HRT. ISI and QUICKI decreased after GH. In men, GH increased 120 min and AUC glucose and insulin AUC. GH+T increased 120 min glucose and glucose and insulin AUCs. T alone did not affect glucose or insulin. ISI decreased after GH and GH+T, whereas QUICKI decreased after GH. GH in women and men and GH+T in men decreased QUICKI by 4 wk. In women, HRT decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and GH decreased LDL-cholesterol. In men, total cholesterol decreased after T and GH+T. LDL-cholesterol decreased after GH and GH+T. GH increased serum triglycerides. Conclusions: GH administration to healthy older individuals for 6 months increased insulin resistance with moderately beneficial effects on lipids. Chronic GH administration to healthy older individuals increases insulin resistance with moderately beneficial effects on lipids.

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The Reproducibility of an Abbreviated Fat Tolerance Test in Young Healthy Participants: A Pilot Study (P12-029-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz035.p12-029-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Madison Dixon ◽

Christina Sciarrillo ◽

Nicholas Koemel ◽

Sam Emerson

Keyword(s):

Tolerance Test ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

High Fat ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Fat Tolerance Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Internal Sources ◽

Healthy Participants

Abstract Objectives Triglyceride (TG) responses following a high-fat meal are more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared with fasting TG levels. The current protocol for assessing post-meal TG is a burdensome process, involving serial blood draws for up to 8 hours. We have developed an abbreviated fat tolerance test (AFTT) that yields highly similar TG results relative to the standard protocol. The objective of this study is to determine whether the AFTT is reproducible and how it compares to the reproducibility of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a metabolic challenge already in clinical use. Methods In a randomized crossover design, 6 healthy participants (2 M/4F, age: 25.8 ± 9.4 years, BMI: 22.6 ± 2.6 kg/m², fasting TG: 69.8 ± 9.8 mg/dL, fasting glucose: 93.5 ± 5.1 mg/dL, A1C: 5.3% ± 0.34%) completed 2 AFTT's separated by 1 week followed by 2 OGTT's separated by 1 week, or vice versa. There was a 2-week washout period between the AFTT's and OGTT's. For each AFTT and OGTT, a baseline blood draw was taken followed by either consumption of a high-fat shake (73% fat, 26% CHO; 9 kcal/kg) (AFTT) or a standard 75 g glucose drink (OGTT). Following consumption of the AFTT, participants left the lab and returned 4 hours later for a post-meal blood draw. Following consumption of the OGTT, participants remained in the lab for 2 hours and a post-meal blood draw was taken. Results The mean difference in 4-hour postprandial TG change from baseline between the 2 AFTTs was 5.2 mg/dL, while the mean difference in 2-hour glucose change between the 2 OGTTs was 17.5 mg/dL. The 4-hour TG change results from the 2 AFTT's were highly correlated (r = 0.96, P = 0.003), while the 2-hour change results from the 2 OGTTs were not (r = 0.17, P = 0.75). The within-subjects coefficient of variation (WCV) for 4-hour TG concentrations between the 2 AFTT's was 16%, suggesting moderate reproducibility, while the WCV for 2-hour glucose concentrations between the 2 OGTT's was 24%, indicating low reproducibility. Conclusions These preliminary data suggest that the AFTT response is reproducible, potentially more than the OGTT. While further assessment in a larger sample is necessary, the AFTT could advance postprandial TG testing toward greater clinical feasibility. Funding Sources Funding provided by internal sources at Oklahoma State University.

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Glucose Tolerance Is Improved After Low- and High-Intensity Exercise in Middle-Age Men and Women

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h98-033 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 583-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Arend Bonen ◽

Margaret Ball-Burnett ◽

Caryl Russel

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Intensity ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Low Intensity Exercise

We compared the effects of low- and high-intensity exercise on oral glucose tolerance immediately and 24 hr after each exercise bout. Participants were 5 male and 5 female individuals (age 40-48). A fasted, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted several days before the first exercise bout. Glucose and insulin concentrations were determined every 15 min throughout a 2 hr, 75 g OGTT. Immediately after low-intensity exercise, the incremental glucose area under the curve was reduced by 16%, compared to the fasting OGTT (p < .05). This was reduced further (−30%) 24 hr postexercise (p < .05). After high-intensity exercise, similar results were observed, with the incremental glucose area reduced by 14 and 35% immediately and 24 hr postexercise, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, exercise improves glucose tolerance, this effect is more pronounced 24 hr postexercise, and low-and high-intensity exercise provide similar beneficial effects on glucose tolerance. Key words: cycle ergometry, insulin

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Toxicological screening and evaluation of anti-allergic and anti-hyperglycemic potential of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. fruits

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-021-00301-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shrabanti Dev ◽

Rabindra Nath Acharyya ◽

Sheuly Akter ◽

Md. Abdullah Al Bari ◽

Kaniz Asma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Differential Count ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

The Novel ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Toxicological Effect ◽

Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽

Major Toxicity

Abstract Background Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. (S. caseolaris) belonging to the Sonneratiaceae family is commonly known as Ora. It is traditionally used as an astringent, antiseptic, to treat sprains, swellings, cough and in arresting hemorrhage. The ethanolic extract of S. caseolaris (L.) Engl. fruits was investigated in the present study for its toxicity as well as anti-allergic and anti-hyperglycemic potentials. Methods Major phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC. Behavioral change, body weight, mortality and different blood parameters were measured to assess the toxicological effect of the extract. Anti-allergic activity was evaluated using TDI-induced allergic model mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and STZ-induced diabetic mice were used to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity. Results Crude extract contained ellagic acid, vanillic acid and myrecitin (27.41, 3.06 and 7.93 mg per 100 g dry extract respectively). No major toxicity was observed in both acute and sub-acute toxicity study. Oral administration of the extract significantly ameliorated TDI-induced allergic symptoms like sneezing, scratching, swelling, redness and watery rhinorrhoea in the experimental mice. The extracts also reduced the total and differential count of leukocytes in the blood. The extract treated mice showed significant reduction in blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine and bilirubin level. Conclusions S. caseolaris contains bioactive phytoconstituents which may be the possible precursors to isolate and characterize the novel compounds targeting the diseases like allergy and diabetes.

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Glucose Concentrations from Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices Compared to Those from Blood Plasma during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Healthy Young Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182412994 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (24) ◽

pp. 12994

Author(s):

Thomas G. Kontou ◽

Charli Sargent ◽

Gregory D. Roach

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Monitoring ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Monitoring Devices ◽

Healthy Participants

Continuous glucose monitoring devices measure glucose in interstitial fluid. The devices are effective when used by patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes but are increasingly being used by researchers who are interested in the effects of various behaviours of glucose concentrations in healthy participants. Despite their more frequent application in this setting, the devices have not yet been validated for use under such conditions. A total of 124 healthy participants were recruited to a ten-day laboratory study. Each participant underwent four oral glucose tolerance tests, and a total of 3315 out of a possible 4960 paired samples were included in the final analysis. Bland–Altman plots and mean absolute relative differences were used to determine the agreement between the two methods. Bland–Altman analyses revealed that the continuous glucose monitoring devices had proportional bias (R = 0.028, p < 0.001) and a mean bias of −0.048 mmol/L, and device measurements were more variable as glucose concentrations increased. Ninety-nine per cent of paired values were in Zones A and B of the Parkes Error Grid plot, and there was an overall mean absolute relative difference of 16.2% (±15.8%). There was variability in the continuous glucose monitoring devices, and this variability was higher when glucose concentrations were higher. If researchers were to use continuous glucose monitoring devices to measure glucose concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy participants, this variability would need to be considered.

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