scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nervous system: A review of the literature on neurological involvement in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Oliver Payus ◽  
Constance Liew Sat Lin ◽  
Malehah Mohd Noh ◽  
Mohammad Saffree Jeffree ◽  
Raymond Azman Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
System A ◽  
Altered Mental State ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neurological symptoms that can be broadly divided into central nervous system involvement, such as headache, dizziness, altered mental state, and disorientation, and peripheral nervous system involvement, such as anosmia and hypogeusia. Most of these patients are in the older age group and exhibit comorbidities, especially hypertension, and severe infection. In extreme presentations of COVID-19, some patients exhibit seizures, stroke, flaccid paraparesis, corticospinal weakness, and even coma. Moreover, the neurological manifestations can occur independently of the respiratory system. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multiple neurological syndromes in a more complex presentation. Therefore, this review elucidated the involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection and will hopefully help improve the management of COVID-19.

COVID-19, the Brain, and the Future: Is Infection by the Novel Coronavirus a Harbinger of Neurodegeneration?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adejoke Onaolapo ◽  
Olakunle Onaolapo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

: The possible impact of viral infections on the development or pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders remains largely unknown. However, there have been reports associating the influenza virus pandemic and long-term infection with the Japanese encephalitis virus with the development of post-encephalitic Parkinsonism or von Economo encephalitis. In the last one year plus, there has been a worldwide pandemic arising from infection with the novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 which causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome that has become associated with central nervous system symptoms or complications. Its possible central nervous system involvement is in line with emerging scientific evidence which shows that the human respiratory coronaviruses can enter the brain, infect neural cells, persist in the brain, and cause activation of myelin-reactive T cells. Currently, there is a dearth of scientific information on the acute or possible long-term impact of infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the development of dementias and/or neurodegenerative diseases. This is not unrelated to the fact that the virus is ‘new’, and its effects on humans are still being studied. This narrative review examines extant literature for the impact of corona virus infections on the brain; as it considers the possibility that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could increase the risk for the development of neurodegenerative diseases or hasten their progression.

scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis case series with and without central nervous system involvement

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Sousa Pietra Pedroso ◽  
Ana Claudia Lyon ◽  
Stanley Almeida Araújo ◽  
Juliana Márcia Ribeiro Veloso ◽  
Enio Roberto Pietra Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Family History ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
System Involvement

INTRODUCTION: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most important systemic mycosis in South America. Central nervous system involvement is potentially fatal and can occur in 12.5% of cases. This paper aims to contribute to the literature describing eight cases of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPMC) and compare their characteristics with patients without neurological involvement, to identify unique characteristics of NPCM. METHODS: A cohort of 213 PCM cases was evaluated at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from October 1976 to August 2008. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic and follow-up data were registered. RESULTS: Eight patients presented NPCM. The observed NPCM prevalence was 3.8%. One patient presented the subacute form of PCM and the other seven presented the chronic form of the disease. The parenchymatous form of NPCM occurred in all patients. 60% of the patients who proceeded from the north/ northeast region of Minas Gerais State developed NPCM. The neurological involvement of a mother and her son was observed. NPCM patients exhibited demographical and clinical profiles similar to what is described in the literature. When NPCM cases were compared to PCM patients, there were differences in relation to origin and positive PCM family history. CONCLUSIONS: The results corroborate the clinical view that the neurological findings are extremely important in the evaluation of PCM patients. Despite the limitations of this study, the differences in relation to patient's origins and family history point to the need of further studies to determine the susceptibility factors involved in the neurological compromise.

Neurological Involvement of Patients with COVID-19: Proposed Neuroinvasive Mechanisms and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Davoodian ◽  
Maryam Arab Firouzjaei ◽  
Ahmadagha Negahi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious virus that has caused tremendous chaos in the world. Generally, respiratory symptoms are dominant manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, the involvement of other organs, such as the nervous system has also been reported, which elucidates the capability of the virus to induce multi-organ failure. In this regard, the presentation of neurological symptoms in infected patients has raised the concern regarding the neuroinvasive potential of COVID-19. As of today, there is emerging evidence that supports the susceptibility of the nervous system to COVID-19. Undoubtedly, the awareness of these findings can result in the timely management and treatment of patients. In the present article, we documented a brief overview of neurological manifestations, possible neuroinvasion mechanisms of COVID-19, and the management of neurological symptoms in infected patients.

Mills' syndrome. A clinical case of a rare degenerative pathology of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Primary Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mills Syndrome

Mills' syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Its nosological nature is currently not completely determined. Nevertheless, Mills' syndrome is considered to be a rare variant of the degenerative pathology of the central nervous system – a variant of focal cortical atrophy. The true prevalence of this pathology is unknown, since this condition is more often of a syndrome type, observed in the clinical picture of a number of neurological diseases (primary lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, etc.) and is less common in isolated form.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination: From Interesting Agent to the Patient

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Anis Daou
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The vaccination for the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is undergoing its final stages of analysis and testing. It is an impressive feat under the circumstances that we are on the verge of a potential breakthrough vaccination. This will help reduce the stress for millions of people around the globe, helping to restore worldwide normalcy. In this review, the analysis looks into how the new branch of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came into the forefront of the world like a pandemic. This review will break down the details of what COVID-19 is, the viral family it belongs to and its background of how this family of viruses alters bodily functions by attacking vital human respiratory organs, the circulatory system, the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This review also looks at the process a new drug analogue undergoes, from (i) being a promising lead compound to (ii) being released into the market, from the drug development and discovery stage right through to FDA approval and aftermarket research. This review also addresses viable reasoning as to why the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may have taken much less time than normal in order for it to be released for use.

Central nervous system involvement in childhood brucellosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Çaksen ◽  
Dursun Odabaş ◽  
Şükrü Arslan ◽  
Ahmet Faik Oner
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
System Involvement
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