scholarly journals Pandemic Challenges for the Technological Startups in the Russian Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Stepan Zemtsov ◽  
◽  
Alexander Chepurenko Chepurenko ◽  
Alexander Mikhailov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Birth Factors ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
High Level

Technological startups help to adapt to the global risks and allow one to track future trends. This paper identifies the main trends and birth factors of new high-tech companies in the Russian regions during 2013-2020. In 2020, fewer than 10,000 startups were created, this number has been steadily declining (by 40% since 2015), especially during the pandemic (-21%). Most of the startups are concentrated in Moscow, the Moscow region, St Petersburg, and the largest metropolitan areas. The share of the Leningrad, Belgorod, Kaliningrad, Lipetsk, Ulyanovsk, and Kaluga regions is growing due to the proactive policies of local authorities. Most startups are associated with knowledge-intensive services for business (B2B) and digital technologies. In 2020, their number increased in pharmaceuticals (about 100%) and in the production of medical devices (by about 30%).Based on the results of econometric analysis, start-up activity in Russia, analogous to countries with an established market economy, depends upon human capital concentration, market access, and a favorable business climate. Universities, through attracting students, especially those in STEM specialties, stimulate startup creation; although the share of university startups does not exceed one third of a percent. Budgetary and university expenditures on R&D are ineffective in terms of creating new companies. The influence of development institutions on start-up activity was not found, while clusters and technology parks have a weak effect. The growth of startups is lower in regions with a predominance of large organizations, as well as in resource centers. The latter may be one of the manifestations of the “resource curse”. Startup activity is stable over time and depends on the situation in neighboring regions, which limits the chances to change the situation by means of entrepreneurship support policy. During the pandemic, start-up activity decreased minimally in regions with large metropolitan areas and a high level of education. Recommendations include tools for establishing a more balanced cross-regional situation by implementing the model of an entrepreneurial university, an expansion of start-ups’ access to capital and markets, and the regionalization of entrepreneurship policies.

scholarly journals Scaling the dual model of secondary vocational education as a factor of economic development of Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 810-828
Author(s):  
V.A. Teslenko ◽  
R.M. Mel'nikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
High Level

Subject. This article deals with the issues of improving economic relations between different structures in the implementation of the dual model of secondary vocational education. Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations for scaling the dual model of secondary vocational education in Russian regions. Methods. For the study, we used a regression analysis. Results. The article defines that the development of the dual model of secondary vocational education creates certain prerequisites for successful development of high-tech companies in the region. It justifies the need for federal financial support for the regional chambers of commerce and industry. Conclusions. At present, the spread of the dual model of secondary vocational education in Russia is local and limited to regions with a fairly high level of economic development. Further expansion of the model requires the implementation of a new target programme.

Entrepreneurship in Small Cities: Evidence From U.S. Micropolitan Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 089124242094192
Author(s):  
Shiqin Liu ◽  
Haifeng Qian ◽  
Kingsley E. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Population Group ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Entrepreneurship Policy ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Natural Amenities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Regional Factors

This article presents the spatial patterns of general and high-tech start-up rates and explores regional factors associated with entrepreneurship in U.S. micropolitan areas. Regression results show that general entrepreneurship in these small cities is predicted by population growth, the middle-age population group, the presence of small businesses, and natural amenities. Additionally, high-tech start-up activities are positively associated with human capital, creative knowledge (instead of technological knowledge), high-tech clustering, and proximity to a large metropolitan area. These findings are compared with the patterns in larger metropolitan areas. This research sheds light on local entrepreneurship policy in the small-city context.

scholarly journals The Resource-Dependent Model of Economy in Russia: Regional Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-626
Author(s):  
I.L. Beilin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Regional Governments

The study focuses on the problems faced by Russian regions in their interactions with oil and gas companies. The relevance of the study is determined by the increased volatility of oil and fuel prices in the world commodity markets and the high dependence of the national and regional Russian economies on these prices. The purpose of the study is to assess the potential of the resourcedependent model of economy by using the method of regression analysis and the data on the Russian regions’ GRP. Importantly, we look at the regional rather than national level of the economy, which distinguishes our study from other similar research on the resource curse. The study looks at the case of the Republic of Tatarstan in the Volga Federal District and the dynamics of its GRP. It is shown how the regional government’s policies affect the development of the oil company ‘Tatneft’. This company plays an important role in the economy of the region since the profit tax it pays constitutes a large part of the regional government’s revenue. In other Russian regions, however, regional governments have little leverage in their relationships with oil companies since the largest oil companies mostly operate on the federal level, which means that their mineral extraction taxes and export duties go to the federal rather than regional budgets. Thus, one of the key problems that needs to be addressed is the considerable degree of uncertainty in the relationship between regional governments and large oil companies: for example, much uncertainty surrounds the question of where their taxes will go in the future as in the case of the merger of the large holding company ‘TAIF’ and ‘Sibur Holding’ in 2021. Our research findings can provide a foundation for policies aimed at developing performance-based incentives for the oil and gas industry in regions. Our findings can also be used by the management of oil companies to enhance the effectiveness of their investment in high-tech innovative projects.

scholarly journals The start-up state: Governing urbanised capitalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Moisio ◽  
Ugo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Urban Economies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Political Economies

This paper assesses the mutating role of the state in today’s flourishing technology hubs in major cities and metropolitan areas across the globe through a comparative lens. Conventional wisdom associates the contemporary phenomenon of high-tech urbanism with minimum state intervention. In public as well as in scholarly debates, technology-intensive urban economies are customarily portrayed as a phenomenon whose formative creativity and ethos stems from an essentially post-political nature. As these economies emerge, thanks to the cooperative dynamism of urban societies, political governments are considered merely as coordinators of inter-actor relationships, particularly as managers or orchestrators of innovative ‘business ecosystems’ and ‘platforms’. We, in turn, suggest that today’s emergence of technology-based economies in a selected circle of major cities and metropolitan areas is an inherently political phenomenon, as it is closely linked to what we call the strategic urbanisation of the state. Looking at the trajectories of Finland and Italy during the post-recession decade of the 2010s, we disclose the state-driven selective mobilisation of urban economies as a response to the low-growth present of national political economies. In doing so, we argue that the entrepreneurialisation of selected urban locations cannot be understood without considering the qualitatively transformed roles of the local and national states. The coming together of entrepreneurialist and urbanising state strategies disclose a shift towards a start-up state whose distinctive features differ qualitatively from those of both the investment-oriented late-Keynesian entrepreneurial state and the decentralised local economic governance envisaged by today’s city-innovation theorists.

Characteristics, Features of Development, Regional and Sectoral Determinants of High-tech Business in Russia

2017 ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yusupova ◽  
S. Khalimova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Business Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
High Tech Sector ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
High Level

The paper deals with the research devoted to characteristics of high tech business development in Russia. Companies’ performance indicators have been analyzed with the help of regression analysis and author’s scheme of leadership stability and sustainability assessment. Data provided by Russia’s Fast Growing High-Tech Companies’ National Rating (TechUp) during 2012-2016 were used. The results have revealed that the high tech sector is characterized by high level of uncertainty. Limited number of regions and sectors which form the basis for high tech business have been defined. Relationship between innovation activity’s indicators and export potential is determined.

High-tech business in crisis conditions: development trends of large, medium and small enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Spitsyn ◽  
Alexander A. Mikhal'chuk ◽  
Anastasia A. Bulykina ◽  
Svetlana N. Popova ◽  
Irina E. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Medium And Small Enterprises

Leading world countries view innovative development and high-tech business as an opportunity to overcome economic stagnation and decline in economic growth. One of the modern trends in the analysis of high-tech development is the study of high-tech knowledge-intensive service industries and their development in times of crisis. The purpose of the paper is to identify patterns of development of large, medium and small enterprises in high-tech service industries in Russia during periods of crisis. Economic and economic-mathematical methods of analysis are applied to the formed samples of enterprises. The research period is 2013-2017. The financial indicators of enterprises were adjusted for the level of accumulated inflation in relation to 2013. According to results, large and medium-sized enterprises showed insignificant or weak significant positive dynamics of revenue during all years of the crisis period. The crisis period did not lead to a decrease in the revenue of these groups of enterprises. The acute phase of the crisis (2014-2015) had a pronounced negative impact on the group of small enterprises in all studied industries, but they successfully recovered in 2016-2017 and reached the pre-crisis level of revenue. The total revenue by industries and groups of enterprises in 2017 became higher than in 2013, and its growth rates were significant for many groups of enterprises, which indicates a successful overcoming of the crisis period and signs of growth in high-tech service industries. Our study shows the need for state support for small businesses in high-tech service industries in crisis conditions, and identifies the possibilities of adaptation of enterprises in these industries to an unfavorable external environment. Our results may be useful for the purposes of government stimulation of economic development in the current environment.

Sustainable Regional Economic Development: Analysis and Management Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
B. M. Grinchel’ ◽  
E. A. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Development Analysis

The presented study examines methods for analyzing and managing sustainable economic development of Russian regions and possible criteria for assessing and improving sustainability.Aim. The study aims to provide a theoretical and empirical justification for the use of regional competitive attractiveness assessment to manage economic development and improve its sustainability.Tasks. Based on the measurement and analysis of economic competitive attractiveness indicators and their mathematical treatment, the authors assess the sustainability of development of Russian regions in 2013–2017 and the causes of deviations from progressive growth.Methods. This study proposes a mathematical tool for measuring the sustainability of Russian regions by assessing their competitive attractiveness and develops a typology of sustainability in the mathematical space of two variables.Results. Methods for analyzing and managing the sustainability of economic development of Russian regions under the influence of political and economic challenges and risks are proposed. The level and dynamics of regional competitive attractiveness are taken as a criterion of sustainability of economic development. The authors provide methods and indicators for assessing economic competitive attractiveness and criteria for measuring the sustainability of development, which allow them to draw conclusions about the reaction of different regions to the challenges and risks of development in 2013–2017. The study proposes a management scheme for sustainable regional development with a focus on the comprehensive improvement of regional economic competitive attractiveness and potential ways to improve it, including training of municipal and regional managers in crisis management associated with economic and political challenges and risks.Conclusions. Based on the proposed criterion of economic development sustainability and assessment of the competitive attractiveness of regions and their rankings, it is shown that in 2013–2017 45 out of 83 regions were developing sustainably; by 2017, 19 regions out of the 32 that suffered losses in the competitive attractiveness level and rankings in 2015–2016 have managed to restore the sustainability of economic development and their rankings. This study proves that regions with a high level of economic competitive attractiveness show increased sustainability of development.

Multidimensional analysis of the state of Russian studies on the education issues over 1993–2016

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Рубвальтер ◽  
Dmitry Rubvalter ◽  
Александр Либкинд ◽  
Alexander Libkind ◽  
Валентина Маркусова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Global Flow ◽  
Educational Issues ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Web ◽  
Made In

A multidimensional analysis of the state of Russian studies on the education issues over 1993–2016 was carried out based on the materials of the data contained in the Web of Science (SSCI, A & HCI and SCI-E databases). There were determined the dynamics and trends of a number of relevant indicators, such as the number of Russian publications by year, the share of these publications in the global flow of publications on education issues, the dynamics of the share of publications made in co-authorship with foreign colleagues, etc. A number of distributions of Russian publications on educational issues was compiled and analyzed: by journals, by Russian regions and cities, by organizations and authors of the publications. It was found that most of these distributions were characterized by a high level of non-uniformity. A list of journals (125 titles) in which Russian works on education issues had been published was compiled. Russian organizations (308) and domestic researchers (about two thousand) engaged in studying the issues of education were identified. It was discovered that more than 200 organizations and about 400 academicians from 60 foreign countries had participated in Russian studies on the education issues.

scholarly journals Readiness of Regions for Digitalization of the Construction Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Tereshko ◽  
Marina Romanovich ◽  
Irina Rudskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Variable ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Shell Analysis ◽  
Design Documentation ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Triangular Membership Function ◽  
Very High

The construction industry is high-tech and is one of the key areas for the strategic development of regions in terms of their digitalization. The construction complex provides regions with infrastructure of various levels from design documentation to commissioning, as well as reconstruction and major repairs of buildings. The article adopts an isolated regional approach, which is due to the need to assess specific territories by the level of readiness for digitalization of the construction complex. The purpose of the research is to determine the level of readiness of Russian regions for the digitalization of the construction complex by forming a rating of regions according to the indicator “the level of readiness of the region for digitalization of the construction complex”. To build the rating, the fuzzy sets method was applied using a triangular membership function, which allows to describe the influence of various processes on the formation of digitalization processes in the construction complex of the region. When forming the rating, a scale of fuzzy variable values is set which allows one to classify regions by levels, namely very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The generated rating is illustrated according to the specified scale. Based on the rating, the leading regions and outsider regions are identified by the formed indicator. It was determined that Moscow and Saint Petersburg are highly prepared for the digitalization of their construction complexes, and 53 regions of Russia are potentially prepared. In the future, it will be possible to create a rating of Russian regions on the level of readiness for digitalization of the construction complex with a two-year lag. Then, using the DEA shell analysis method, a quantitative assessment will be carried out that allows you to form performance boundaries and, against the background of four years, adjust the data to identify the most realistic picture. Also, the rating methodology considered by the authors allows us to scale this research to the international level, which will allow us to assess the level of digital development of construction complexes in other countries. The proposed rating algorithm is suitable for other sectors and complexes of the economy. It is enough to determine the main aggregate indicator and select groups of factors.

SYSTEM OF INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN HIGH-TECH COMPANIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
A. E. SKLYAROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

The article contains proposals for the development of the assessment of innovation activity of a knowledgeintensive organization. They include four blocks of indicators: the portfolio of innovative activities, own work within it, the duration of implementation of innovative projects, the economic effect of their implementation. A distinctive feature of the system is the assessment of indicators of innovation activity within the framework of the execution of profitable contracts of a knowledge-intensive organization.

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