scholarly journals Epilepsy and Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Moon ◽  
Keun Tae Kim ◽  
Kyung Wook Kang ◽  
Soo Yeon Kim ◽  
Yong Seo Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Burden

Epilepsy is associated with an increased risk of premature death. Epilepsy-related premature mortality imposes a significant burden on public health. This review aims to update the previous assessments of mortality among people with epilepsy and to identify associated factors, causes of death, and preventable causes of death in epilepsy patients. We also reviewed the mortality of epilepsy patients who had undergone epilepsy surgery. Finally, we suggest a further direction of studies about the mortality of people with epilepsy.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF AGE AND BIOLOGICAL SEX MORTALITY TRENDS BETWEEN ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT DOWN SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S352-S352
Author(s):  
Scott D Landes ◽  
Scott D Landes ◽  
James D Stevens ◽  
Margaret D Turk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Age at death and cause of death comparisons between adults with and without Down syndrome reveal distinct mortality trends that can be utilized to inform preventive care efforts to reduce premature mortality in this population. We compare mean and median age at death, and standardized mortality odds ratios (SMORs) for 20 leading causes of death for 9,564 decedents with and 13,050,319 without Down syndrome in the U.S. between 2012 and 2016. Decedents with Down syndrome, on average, were substantially younger than those without Down syndrome, and were more likely to die from Alzheimer disease and dementia at younger ages. In addition, adults with Down syndrome also had higher risk of choking related deaths. Efforts to reduce premature mortality through public health and preventive care interventions for this population should be cognizant of these increased risk factors, as well as variation in age and biological sex mortality trends.

Increases in Premature Mortality Due to Homicide — United States, 1968-1985

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Martinez-Schnell ◽  
Richard J. Waxweiler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Age At Death

From 1968 to 1985, the rate of homicide in the United States has increased 44%. Its relative impact on premature mortality, as measured by the percentage of years of potential life lost (YPLL) before age 65 from all causes of death due to homicide, has nearly doubled (93% increase). This increase calls attention to the emerging importance of interpersonal violence relative to all public health problems affecting persons under 65 years of age. The percentage of YPLL from all causes of death due to homicide increased in each race/sex group and for both firearm and nonfirearm means of homicide. The increase in homicide YPLL was traced mainly to an increase in the number of homicide deaths and, to a smaller extent, to a decrease in the average age at death of homicide victims.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associate Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Lao PDR: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey

Anemia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sengtavanh Keokenchanh ◽  
Sengchanh Kounnavong ◽  
Akiko Tokinobu ◽  
Kaoru Midorikawa ◽  
Wakaha Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Sanitation Facility ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Introduction. Anemia continues to be a major public health problem significant among women of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries, including Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), where the prevalence of anemia among women remains high. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among WRA 15–49 years in Lao PDR. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study, using the Lao Social Indicator Survey II, 2017 dataset. A total of 12,519 WRA tested for anemia were included in this study, through multistage sampling approaches. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors of anemia. Results. Of 12,519 women, 4,907 (39.2%) were anemic. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that living in central provinces (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.96–2.38), rural area (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.00–1.20), large family size with more than 6 persons (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.29), pregnancy (aOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22–1.74), having any adverse pregnancy outcomes (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03–1.25), poor drinking water (aOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.39), and poor sanitation facility (aOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.28) were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia. Conversely, four factors were associated with anemia preventively, including being aged 25–34 years (aOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74–0.90), postsecondary education (aOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.97), Hmong-Mien ethnicity (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39–0.59), and watching television almost daily (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.95). Conclusion. Anemia continues to be a major public health challenge in Lao PDR. Interventions should be considered on geographic variations, improving safe water and sanitation facility, promoting of iron supplements during pregnancy, and health education through mass media for women in rural areas.

scholarly journals Healthcare Utilization and All-Cause Premature Mortality in Hungarian Segregated Roma Settlements: Evaluation of Specific Indicators in a Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Sándor ◽  
Anita Pálinkás ◽  
Ferenc Vincze ◽  
Nóra Kovács ◽  
Valéria Sipos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Roma is the largest ethnic minority of Europe with deprived health status, which is poorly explored due to legal constrains of ethnicity assessment. We aimed to elaborate health indicators for adults living in segregated Roma settlements (SRS), representing the most vulnerable Roma subpopulation. SRSs were mapped in a study area populated by 54,682 adults. Records of all adults living in the study area were processed in the National Institute of Health Insurance Fund Management. Aggregated, age-sex standardized SRS-specific and non-SRS-specific indicators on healthcare utilization and all-cause premature death along with the ratio of them (RR) were computed with 95% confidence intervals. The rate of GP appointments was significantly higher among SRS inhabitants (RR = 1.152, 95% CI: 1.136–1.167). The proportion of subjects hospitalized (RR = 1.286, 95% CI: 1.177–1.405) and the reimbursement for inpatient care (RR = 1.060, 95% CI: 1.057–1.064) were elevated for SRS. All-cause premature mortality was significantly higher in SRSs (RR = 1.711, 1.085–2.696). Our study demonstrated that it is possible to compute the SRS-specific version of routine healthcare indicators without violating the protection of personal data by converting a sensitive ethical issue into a non-sensitive small-area geographical analysis; there is an SRS-specific healthcare utilization pattern, which is associated with elevated costs and increased risk of all-cause premature death.

scholarly journals Special Health Care Utilization Pattern with Elevated Costs and High Risk of Premature Death Among Adults Living in Segregated Roma Settlements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Sándor ◽  
Anita Pálinkás ◽  
Ferenc Vincze ◽  
Nóra Kovács ◽  
Sipos Valéria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Special Health Care ◽  
Increased Risk

Roma is the largest ethnic minority of Europe with poor health status, which is poorly explored due to legal constrains of ethnicity assessment. We aimed to elaborate health-indicators for adults living in segregated Roma settlements (SRS) representing the most vulnerable Roma subpopulation. SRSs were mapped in a study area populated by 54682 adults. Records of all adults living in the study area were processed in the National Institute of Health Insurance Fund Management. Aggregated, age-sex standardized SRS-specific and non-SRS-specific indicators on healthcare utilization and premature death along with the ratio of them (RR) were computed with 95% confidence intervals. The rate of GP appointments was significantly higher among SRS inhabitants (RR=1.152, 95%CI: 1.136–1.167). The proportion of subjects hospitalized (RR=1.286, 1.177–1.405), and the reimbursement for inpatient care (RR=1.060, 1.057–1.064) were elevated for SRS. Premature mortality was significantly higher in SRSs (RR=1.711, 1.085-2.696). Our study demonstrated that it is possible to compute the SRS-specific version of the routine healthcare indicators without violating the protection of personal data by converting a sensitive ethical issue to a non-sensitive small area geographical analysis; there is an SRS-specific healthcare utilization pattern, which is associated with elevated costs and increased risk of premature death.

The Effect of Women’s Descriptive Representation on Premature Mortality

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 820-846
Author(s):  
Dana Patton ◽  
Richard C Fording
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Women Legislators ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women

Abstract Although many studies have found that women legislators pursue policies important to women, we know relatively little concerning the effect of women’s descriptive representation (WDR) on women’s quality of life. We address this question by examining the relationship between the election of women state legislators and public health. Specifically, we estimate the effect of WDR on premature death rates from 1982 to 2010. We find that WDR serves to improve the well-being of both women and men. However, the effect of WDR on women’s health is contingent on several important factors. First, the health-improving effects of WDR are most strongly related to the descriptive representation of Democratic women. Second, the effect of Democratic WDR on women’s health, relative to men’s health, increases with the scale of the state’s Medicaid program. Finally, we estimate the mediating role of nine specific policies, finding that four policies mediate the effect of Democratic WDR on premature mortality. Overall, our results suggest that policy remedies aimed at improving the severe underrepresentation of women in government may help to improve the relatively low ranking of the United States on indicators of public health.

scholarly journals A decade lost: does educational success mitigate the increased risks of premature death among children with experience of out-of-home care?

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylva B Almquist ◽  
Josephine Jackisch ◽  
Hilma Forsman ◽  
Karl Gauffin ◽  
Bo Vinnerljung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Educational Success ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Majority Population

BackgroundPast research has consistently identified children with out-of-home care (OHC) experience as a high-risk group for premature mortality. While many have argued that educational success is a key factor in reducing these individuals’ excessive death risks, empirical evidence has hitherto been limited. The aim of the current study was therefore to examine the potentially mitigating role of educational success in the association between OHC experience and premature mortality.MethodsDrawing on a Stockholm cohort born in 1953 (n=15 117), we analysed the associations among placement in OHC (ages 0–12), school performance (ages 13, 16 and 19) and premature all-cause mortality (ages 20–56) by means of Cox and Laplace regression analyses.ResultsThe Cox regression models confirmed the increased risk of premature mortality among individuals with OHC experience. Unadjusted Laplace regression models showed that, based on median survival time, these children died more than a decade before their majority population peers. However, among individuals who performed well at school, that is, those who scored above-average marks at the age of 16 (grade 9) and at the age of 19 (grade 12), the risks of premature mortality did not significantly differ between the two groups.ConclusionEducational success seems to mitigate the increased risks of premature death among children with OHC experience.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a Bayesian survival model for inclusion body myositis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorana Capkun ◽  
Jens Schmidt ◽  
Shubhro Ghosh ◽  
Harsh Sharma ◽  
Thomas Obadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Survival Model ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bayesian Survival Model

Abstract Background Associations between disease characteristics and payer-relevant outcomes can be difficult to establish for rare and progressive chronic diseases with sparse available data. We developed an exploratory bridging model to predict premature mortality from disease characteristics, and using inclusion body myositis (IBM) as a representative case study. Methods Candidate variables that may be potentially associated with premature mortality were identified by disease experts and from the IBM literature. Interdependency between candidate variables in IBM patients were assessed using existing patient-level data. A Bayesian survival model for the IBM population was developed with identified variables as predictors for premature mortality in the model. For model selection and external validation, model predictions were compared to published mortality data in IBM patient cohorts. After validation, the final model was used to simulate the increased risk of premature death in IBM patients. Baseline survival was based on age- and gender-specific survival curves for the general population in Western countries as reported by the World Health Organisation. Results Presence of dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, falls, being wheelchair-bound and 6-min walking distance (6MWD in meters) were identified as candidate variables to be used as predictors for premature mortality based on inputs received from disease experts and literature. There was limited correlation between these functional performance measures, which were therefore treated as independent variables in the model. Based on the Bayesian survival model, among all candidate variables, presence of dysphagia and decrease in 6MWD [m] were associated with poorer survival with contributing hazard ratios (HR) 1.61 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.84–3.50) and 2.48 (95% CrI: 1.27–5.00) respectively. Excess mortality simulated in an IBM cohort vs. an age- and gender matched general-population cohort was 4.03 (95% prediction interval 1.37–10.61). Conclusions For IBM patients, results suggest an increased risk of premature death compared with the general population of the same age and gender. In the absence of hard data, bridging modelling generated survival predictions by combining relevant information. The methodological principle would be applicable to the analysis of associations between disease characteristics and payer-relevant outcomes in progressive chronic and rare diseases. Studies with lifetime follow-up would be needed to confirm the modelling results.

scholarly journals Risk for Premature Mortality and Intentional Self-harm in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Jokiranta-Olkoniemi ◽  
David Gyllenberg ◽  
Dan Sucksdorff ◽  
Auli Suominen ◽  
Kim Kronström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Natural Cause Of Death ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract To examine the risk for premature mortality and intentional self-harm in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on a national birth cohort. Children born in 1987–2005, diagnosed with ASD by 2007 (n = 4695) were matched with four non-ASD subjects (n = 18,450) and followed until 2015 for mortality and intentional self-harm. The risk among ASD subjects was elevated only for natural cause of death. The risk for intentional self-harm was increased in the unadjusted analyses, but decreased to non-significant after adjusting for comorbid psychiatric disorders. ASD subjects are at increased risk for premature mortality due to natural causes of death. While ASD subjects die of suicide and present with more self-harm, the association is explained by comorbid psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Data inputs and assumptions in calculating the fatal burden in burden of disease studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E von der Lippe ◽  
I Grant ◽  
B Devleesschauwer
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Standard Life

Abstract Years of Life Lost (YLL) is a measure of premature mortality used in the calculation of the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), as well as stand-alone measure in itself. The concept of years of life lost is to estimate the length of time a person is expected to have lived had they not died prematurely. The YLL is based on comparing the age of death to an external standard life expectancy curve, and can incorporate time discounting and age weighting. Furthermore, YLL can be calculated for specific causes of death. In this way the indicator can be used to compare the relative importance of different causes of premature death within a particular population. Thus, it can be used by health planners to define priorities for the prevention interventions. The process of calculating a YLL involves several components and this presentation will provide a sequential walk through each step in the YLL calculation, including causes of death statisticsdefinition of ill-defined deathsmethods of redistribution of ill-defined deathsthe use of life tablessocial weighting The aim of this presentation is to outline a simple step by step guide on the key components in the YLL calculation. Using the real-life example of cerebrovascular disease, the presentation will outline the key choices and assumptions that underline each data inputs in the YLL calculation. Participants in this session will also be provided with links to resources to help facilitate this decision making process. The workshop will end with an interactive session where the presenters will discuss the implications of the different methodological choices with the audience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document