scholarly journals Socio-demographic characteristics influencing knowledge, attitude and preventive practices of COVID-19 among Ghanaians: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 019-027
Author(s):  
Tawiah Philip Apraku ◽  
Arhin-Wiredu Kingsley ◽  
Oppong Kwabena ◽  
Torgbor Bernard Nii ◽  
Konadu Phenehance Effah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: In recent times, the novel coronavirus disease is one of the most challenging public health burdens. Low-and-middle-income countries including Ghana have not been spared by the infection. Several measures are being undertaken by countries to control and prevent the future waves of the disease. Previous studies have established the importance of knowledge, attitude and practices towards an infection as a remedy for controlling the spread of such infection. However, further studies are required to ascertain the socio-demographic characteristics influencing the knowledge, attitude and preventive measures of COVID-19. Methods: This study investigated the socio-demographic characteristics influencing knowledge, attitude and preventive practices towards COVID-19 among the Ghanaian population. A cross-sectional design was adopted to recruit 369 participants for the study utilizing convenience and snowball sampling methods. With the use of an electronic semi-structured questionnaire and social media platforms, an online survey was conducted from March 26 to May 1, 2020. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression were used to analyze data. Results: The average mean percentage of good knowledge, positive attitudes and good preventive practices regarding the novel coronavirus disease was 83.2%, 88.2% and 69.2%, respectively. In relation to occupation, there was significant difference (t = -2.984, p-value = 0.0030) in COVID-19 knowledge. Income level was significantly associated with attitudes towards COVID-19. Male gender (vs female, β = -1.276, p-value = <0.00001), less than ¢500 income earners (vs above ¢1000, β = -0.845, p-value = 0.017) were associated with lower COVID-19 preventive practice score while being the 42-64 age category (vs 18–25-year group, β = 1.128, p-value = 0.028), health worker (vs non-health worker, β = 0.816, p-value = 0.001) and belonging to Ga ethnic group (vs Akan ethnic group, β = 0.89, p-value = 0.027) were associated with higher scores. Conclusion: Although this study found higher knowledge and attitudes toward the novel coronavirus disease, it did not reflect in higher preventive practices towards the infection. In our fight against this infection in Ghana, COVID-19 preventive measure educational campaigns targeting the male gender and low-income earners should be considered and implemented.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic characteristics influencing knowledge, attitude and preventive practices of COVID-19 among Ghanaians: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Apraku Tawiah ◽  
Kingsley Arhin-Wiredu ◽  
Kwabena Oppong ◽  
Bernard Nii Torgbor ◽  
Phenehance Effah Konadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background In recent times, the novel coronavirus disease, obviously, is one of the most challenging public health burden. Low-and-middle-income countries including Ghana have not been spared by the infection. Several measures are being undertaken by countries to control and prevent the future waves of the disease. Previous studies have established the importance of knowledge, attitude and practices towards an infection as remedy for controlling the spread of such infections. However, further studies are required to ascertain the socio-demographic characteristics influencing the knowledge, attitude and preventive measures of COVID-19. Methods This study investigated the socio-demographic characteristics influencing knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 infection among the Ghanaian population. A cross-sectional design was adopted to recruit 369 participants for the study by means of convenience and snowball sampling methods. With the use of an electronic semi-structured questionnaire and social media platforms, an online survey was conducted from March 26 – May 1, 2020. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression were used to analyze data. Results The average mean percentage of good knowledge, positive attitudes and good preventive practices regarding the novel coronavirus disease was 83.2%, 88.2% and 69.2%, correspondingly. In relation to occupation, there was significant difference (t = -2.984, p-value = 0.0030) in COVID-19 knowledge. Income level was significantly associated with attitudes towards COVID-19. Male gender (vs female, β = -1.276, p-value = < 0.00001), less than ¢500 income earners (vs above ¢1000, β = -0.845, p-value = 0.017) were associated with lower COVID-19 preventive practice score while being the 42–64 age category (vs 18–25-year group, β = 1.128, p-value = 0.028), health worker (vs non-health worker, β = 0.816, p-value = 0.001) and belonging to Ga ethnic group (vs Akan ethnic group, β = 0.89, p-value = 0.027) were associated with higher scores. Conclusion Although this study found higher knowledge and attitudes toward the novel coronavirus disease, it did not reflect in higher preventive practices towards the infection. In our fight against this infection in Ghana, COVID-19 preventive measure educational campaigns targeting male gender and low-income earners should be considered and implemented.

scholarly journals Preparedness of Healthcare Workers towards Handling COVID-19 Outbreak in the Gambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Joseph W Jatta ◽  
Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwindé Ouédraogo ◽  
Yusupha Sanyang ◽  
Daniel Nebongo ◽  
Tahir Ahmed Touray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak that began in Wuhan, China rapidly became a public health concern and a challenge for healthcare systems globally.  In the wake of the first confirmed case in The Gambia, concerns were raised in some quarters about the health system's preparedness to handle the outbreak. Therefore, we aimed to assess health personnel's knowledge and preparedness in fighting the COVID-19 outbreak in The Gambia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires distributed online through social media. Descriptive, bivariate, and binary logistic analyses were done using SPSS Version 22. Results: We obtained 333 valid responses. Most participants reported that their health facility has some form of preparedness; however, only a small proportion reported enough PPEs in the health facility. About half (50.5%) showed good knowledge of COVID-19. There was a statistically significant difference among the professions regarding their reaction if they were found positive of COVID-19 (p=0.006). There was a significant association between health professions [other professions (Odds ratio [OR]=0.2, 95% Confidence interval [CI]:0.04–0 .9; p=0.038)] and overall knowledge of COVID-19. Conclusion: Our findings showed some form of preparedness towards COVID-19 among healthcare workers. However, many aspects, such as the availability of PPEs and their proper use and knowledge, need improvement. Thus, training and an adequate supply of equipment are required to better respond to upcoming COVID-19 waves and future outbreaks. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-03-SI-5 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Socio-demographic correlate of knowledge and practice toward novel coronavirus among people living in Mosul-Iraq: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balsam Qubais ◽  
Rula mudhafar Al-Shahrabi ◽  
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a worldwide pandemic, as the Iraqi authorities have started responding and taking action to control the spread of the pandemic. The knowledge and practices of the public play an important role in curbing the spreading of the virus by following the health guidelines. This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic correlate of knowledge and practices of Iraqi living in Mosul-Iraq towards novel coronavirus during its rapid rise. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 909 participants was conducted among Mosul-Iraq between 20th June to 1st July 2020. The survey included three parts: 1) socio-demographic characteristics, 2) participants' knowledge, 3) participants' practices. T-test, ANOVA, chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used. A p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed knowledge and practice mean score of (12.91\1.67) and (21.56\2.92) with cumulative knowledge and practice of 86% and 76% respectively towards 2019-nCoV. Socio-demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, gender, level of education and employment were statistically related with a higher mean score of knowledge and practice towards the virus as P<0.05. Conclusions: We concluded that the majority of the respondents demonstrate a high level of knowledge and practices towards 2019-nCoV except respondents with socio-demographic characteristics such as those who were younger, male respondents, those with lower education and those unemployed as such campaigns that will increase the knowledge and encourage adequate preventive practice towards 2019-nCoV should be targeted towards this group.

scholarly journals The Effect of Smoking on Oxygen Saturation Level of Patients Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Yusuf Dwiyanto ◽  
Muhammad Didin Wahyudin ◽  
Ria Mariatul Isnaani ◽  
Dedeh Ernawati ◽  
Doddy Firmansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Total Population ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) disease caused by SARS-COV2 was first discovered in Wuhan, China, December 2019. WHO has set Covid 19 to be a pandemic which has resulted in an increase in death rates worldwide. Covid-19 attacks the respiratory system which resembles pneumonia but has signs of a decrease in oxygen saturation. In Indonesia, many people, especially men, practice smoking, where smoking can cause respiratory system problems, but there is no sign of a decrease in oxygen saturation. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of smoking on oxygen saturation levels in Covid-19 patients. Methods: This type of research is an analytic study with a cross sectional design. Total population of 52 people, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: This study shows that 21.2% of patients who smoke 6-12 cigarettes / day have oxygen saturation <75%, with the result p-value = 0.000, which means that there is an effect between smoking on decreasing oxygen saturation, with a 53-fold chance of covid patients. People who smoke can cause a decrease in oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Decrease in oxygen saturation in covid-19 patients, can be caused due to the toxicity of cigarettes smoked. In smokers who are confirmed Covid-19, there will be an worsening of oxygen supply in the blood, which is indicated by a decrease in oxygen saturation <75%.

scholarly journals Quarantine and isolation nurses conditions during COVID-19 in Jeddah City

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Shafeah M. AlJedaani
Keyword(s):  
Positive Element ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Safe Working

Background: The novel coronavirus is a pandemic respiratory disease that spreads from person to person. As the outbreak continues to develop, several countries have taken measures to prevent the transmission of the disease. Some of these measures are quarantine and isolation. Nurses are on the front line of the health care system during the COVID-19 outbreak, and they may become overwhelmed by the numerous pressures, such as the risk of infection, inadequate supplies, workload, and frustration. The aim of this study is to identify nurses’ conditions in quarantine and isolation during the COVID-19 outbreak in Jeddah city.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design, a questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: About 60% of the participants were willing to continue working in quarantine and isolation. The main reasons they were willing to continue were a safe working environment (37.3%) and effective teamwork (31.8%), while the main reasons that made the participants unwilling to continue were the lack of rewards and incentives (28.3%), and an unsafe work environment (40.0%). Regarding the nurses’ assessment of quarantine and isolation conditions during the COVID-19, most participants confirmed that they often choose a positive element. This study found a significant difference according to the current place of work, which was positive on the side of the nurses who are working in quarantine.Conclusions: This study’s findings provide important recommendations related to the improvement of quarantine and isolation conditions, staff nurses’ conditions, and disease-outbreak-related readiness. It is hoped that these recommendations will contribute to enhance the current and future conditions of nurses in isolation and quarantine.

Psychological and behavioral responses of pregnant women during the early COVID-19 outbreak: Epicenter and non-epicenter regions (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huailiang Wu ◽  
Nga-Kwo Chan ◽  
Casper C.J. Zhang ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Huiyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Psychological Demands

BACKGROUND By middle April 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally and caused more than 2 million confirmed cases and 140 thousand deaths. During this ongoing outbreak, the psychological demands of pregnant women needed to be acknowledged because they are likely to present symptoms of depression, stress or other mental discomfort during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE By middle April 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally and caused more than 2 million confirmed cases and 140 thousand deaths. During this ongoing outbreak, the psychological demands of pregnant women needed to be acknowledged because they are likely to present symptoms of depression, stress or other mental discomfort during pregnancy. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was carried out to collect the data of sociodemographic and other psychological assessments and responses through a national online platform. A total of 1901 pregnant women were included in this study. Each participant finished standardized rating scales on stress, depression, and responses to COVID-19. Independent t-test and chi-squared tests were used to compare outcomes between epicenter and non-epicenters in China. RESULTS Pregnant women in the epicenter appeared to have a significantly higher prevalence rate of suspected PSTD than the non-epicentral region. A slightly higher proportion of pregnant women in epicenter worried about infectious risks and outcomes related to their fetus. However, no significant difference was found between the probable PPD levels of the two regions. Pregnant women in both epicenter and non-epicentral regions have adapted their behaviors to mitigate the infection risks. CONCLUSIONS Epidemic situations could result in higher risks of psychological problems during pregnancy. Even outside of the epicenter, the depressive symptoms of pregnant women were more severe than during regular times. Several implications in antenatal care are also yielded for clinical application especially for countries in the early COVID-19 outbreak due to pandemic.

scholarly journals Lower Jaw and Orolabial Analysis in Adult Bangladeshi Buddhist Chakma Females

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Mostafa ◽  
Laila Anjuman Banu ◽  
Azmeri Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

Background: It is well accepted that a single standard of craniofacial norms is not appropriate for application to diverse racial and ethnic groups, even for different sex and ages in same ethnic group. So it is necessary to develop craniofacial norms for different groups based on above factors. The present study was designed to establish the baseline measurements of the lower jaw and orolabial anthropometrical parameters and indices, and also to evaluate the differences (if any) on age related morphological variations of adult Bangladeshi Buddhist Chakma females. Methods: The study was descriptive, observational and cross-sectional in nature with some analytical components. The study group consisted of a convenient sample of 100 adult Bangladeshi Buddhist Chakma females; categorized into two groups – 25 to 35 years (n = 70) and 35 to 45 years (n = 30). Variables were measured using physical and photographic procedures. Indices were calculated from those variables. An independent “t” test was performed to evaluate if there was any significant difference in measurements between the two age groups setting a p value of <0.05 as statistically significant. Results: All measurements show statistically non significant difference between two age groups except philtrum length (p = 0.02) and upper vermilion height to philtrum length index (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The result of this study can be useful for anatomists and anthropologists to serve as a basic framework for estimating the standard of lower jaw and orolabial dimensions of this population and also to compare the craniofacial dimensions of other ethnic groups of Bangladesh with this ethnic group. Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2013: 5-8

Mental health during COVID-19 pandemic/Baghdad Al-Karkh

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110049
Author(s):  
Noora ABD-Al-Hussein Dawood Al-Jbouri ◽  
Zainab Jawad Kadhim Mashkury ◽  
Rawa Jaafar Kadhim Al-Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Disturbances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Directorate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: This study reviewed the psychological consequences of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 and the challenges that face post-traumatic interventions. COVID-19 pandemic has multifaceted psychological effects extending social stigmatization to COVID-19 patients, resulted in delaying in medical care and hiding important medical history, particularly of travel, this in turn will increase the risk of transmission. Objectives of the study: To explore if there is significant impacts of public health emergency COVID-19 on mental health among clients attending Al/Karkh Care centers. Methods: Cross-sectional study describes the mental health status among clients attending Al-Karkh Health Centers during the COVID-19 pandemic, using mental health reports from Mental Health Unit/Al-Karkh Health Directorate, which were collected from January to August. Using (SPSS25) for statistical analysis. Statistical test Chi-square used and p value of ⩽.05 was considered significant. Results: The percentages of psychological disturbances among clients is higher throughout the first 7 months of 2019 than 2020, till August the percentage of psychological disturbances started to hike up in 2020 than in 2019 (6%), (5.4%) respectively. Throughout the months of 2020 up to August there was significant difference between male and female clients in mental disturbances p value <.0001. Conclusion: The current study found that COVID-19 pandemic is expected to raise great challenges for mental health services in health care centers and constitute a mental health risk especially to women and girls compared to men.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

Müller-Weiss Disease: The Descriptive Factors of Failure Conservative Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 107110072110028
Author(s):  
Thos Harnroongroj ◽  
Theerawoot Tharmviboonsri ◽  
Bavornrit Chuckpaiwong
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Radiographic Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Conservative treatment is the first-line approach for Müller-Weiss disease (MWD). However, factors associated with the failure of conservative treatment have never been reported. Our objectives were to compare the differences in demographic and radiographic parameters between “successful” and “failure” conservative treatment in patients with MWD and identify descriptive factors associated with failure conservative treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 68 patients with MWD divided into 29 “failure” and 39 “successful” conservative treatment groups. Demographic characteristics, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain and walking disability, and radiographic parameters such as calcaneal pitch, lateral Meary, anteroposterior (AP) Meary angle, and talonavicular-naviculocuneiform arthritis were compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify descriptive factors of failure conservative treatment. A P value <.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results: We found more severe VAS pain and walking disability scores and FAOS for the pain, activities of daily living, and quality of life subscales in the failure group ( P < .05). Regression analysis demonstrated 2 significant descriptive factors associated with failure conservative treatment: abducted AP Meary angle >13.0 degrees and radiographic talonavicular arthritis. No demographic characteristics were found to be associated with failure conservative treatment. Conclusion: Midfoot abduction (AP Meary angle, >13 degrees) and radiographic talonavicular arthritis were factors associated with failure conservative treatment in MWD and should be determined concurrently with the clinical severity. Classification systems for MWD should include these factors. Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

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