scholarly journals An Analysis of Socio-Economic Objectives of India’s Tax Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K V Bhanu Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Entities

The Indian tax system has successfully mobilised resources to finance administrative, welfare and developmental activities of public authorities. Besides being the main source of revenue for both Central and State Governments, it is an effective instrument to realise various socio-economic objectives of national policies. Further, tax policy is an important determinant of the investment climate in a country. This paper looks at the socio-economic objectives that the tax policy intends to achieve along with the steps taken to restructure the tax system in accordance with these objectives. Tax laws in India are replete with various exemptions, concessions, deductions, allowances, tax credits etc. to promote a host of desirable economic and social activities. These tax incentives encourage individuals and business entities to undertake activities desired by the government.

scholarly journals An assessment of R&D tax credits and their role towards innovation within Irish industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
James Kennedy ◽  
Frank Barry
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Irish Government ◽  
Recent Trends

AbstractThe Irish Government has identified research and development (R&D) and innovation as among the key pillars of growth within the economy. To achieve this growth, R&D tax incentives, which are adopted in advanced economies, are set into policy to encourage firms to innovate, thus, making companies more competitive and productive. One of the key enablers to driving R&D is a well-designed, competitive and sustainable tax policy to support the activity. However, evidence on the effectiveness of R&D tax incentives for innovation is largely anecdotal and the influence of innovation on firm-level taxation is still underexplored, in terms of and empirical examination. This paper sets out to review the recent trends and views of industry regarding R&D tax credits.

scholarly journals Tax incentives for industrial production in the system of public financial support

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (98) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
O. O. Nepochatenko ◽  
◽  
P. K. Bechko ◽  
N. V. Lisa ◽  
S. A. Ptashnyk
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
World Market ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Tax Holidays

The article provides a theoretical justification for tax incentives for industrial enterprises under market conditions of their activities. According to modern economic theory, which is the basis of the domestic tax system, the most effective are horizontal and vertical structures to stimulate industrial production, able to increase production and sales of its competitiveness in world markets, and businesses to operate on self-financing and self-sufficiency. A set of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition was used to solve the tasks set in the process of research. Application of a systematic approach, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to comprehensively and comprehensively consider the theoretical foundations of tax incentives for industrial enterprises, to determine the results of the application of horizontal and vertical organization of tax incentives. When systematizing the results of tax incentives for industrial enterprises, methods of scientific generalization, analysis and synthesis were chosen. Given the importance of tax incentives for industrial enterprises in modern conditions in the domestic tax system, there are a number of unresolved issues, which are essentially debatable on the theoretical justification of this problem and its practical solution aimed at increasing production and sales of industrial products, expanding markets. The results of the study show that horizontal tax incentives are more acceptable, as the situation on the world market is changing very quickly, and business needs certainty, provided that the state determines which segments of the national economy are a priority. The efficiency of tax holidays, preferential rates, investment tax credits and free trade zones are more promising for the development of industrial production at the horizontal level. With a vertical strategy for the development of industrial production, priority is given to export-oriented investment tax credits, in particular tariff or tax benefits, investment benefits. The proposed measures of tax stimulation of industrial production will stimulate the development of enterprises using the strategy of modernization of the production base through the renewal of fixed assets, the introduction of advanced advanced technologies, financing of scientific developments. These measures can ensure synergies, especially if the equipment to be purchased by industrial enterprises will be domestically produced.

scholarly journals The Psychosocial Impact of the Romanian Government Measures on the Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Armenia Androniceanu ◽  
Doina-Mihaela Marton
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
World State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

The Covid-19 pandemic generated a global crisis involving most countries in the world. State governments worldwide were forced to take appropriate measures impacting different fields. The Romanian government and other local public authorities developed special measures to curb the spread of the SARS-COV-2 virus in Romania in general and in Bucharest, the country’s capital. The purpose of our research was to identify the social and psychological impact of the governmental measures on the citizens of Bucharest. The research was conducted between 28 November and 25 December 2020, but refers to the measures taken by the government and local authorities from the onset of the Covid-19 pandemicto date. The sample, representative for Bucharest, included 421 citizens living in Bucharest, aged between 19 and 40 years. The data were collected using an online questionnaire. Other methods used to analyse the results and verify the hypothesis included the multiple regression model and some applications in Excel. The results confirmed that governmental measures had a strong social and psychological impact on citizens, changing their social behaviour and causing psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Our research results can help the Romanian authorities avoid problems among the population and adapt their measures to better meet the population’s psychosocial needs in time of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis, which is far from over.

scholarly journals TAX INCENTIVES FOR INDONESIAN PHILANTHROPY: THE BALANCE OF EFFECTIVENESS OF PULL FACTOR AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haula Rosdiana ◽  
Murwendah Murwendah ◽  
Inayati Inayati
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Deduction

Philanthropy is not merely a fund-raising activity. It means an activity that has strong relation with social activity. Philanthropy is significant to consider in building public participation in governance or at least in helping the government’s role to implement the allocation function related to social welfare. In Indonesia, tax incentives for philanthropy are categorized into two, namely tax exemption and tax deduction. Tax exemption applies to donations or income derived from non-profit organizations, while tax deduction applies to the donor or philanthropists, both individuals and companies. In addition, there are incentives for property taxes and tax on motor vehicles provided by the provincial/ local government. In practice, philanthropy still leaves tax-related issues that must be shouldered by donors, recipients, and donation collectors. This issue is crucial because it has the potential to reduce the attractiveness of tax incentives to encourage people to engage in philanthropy activities in Indonesia.   This study aims to evaluate the tax policy on philanthropy in Indonesia. This study applied constructivism paradigm. The data are collected through documentation, literature review, and field studies through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The data are analyzed using mixed approach. The findings of this study indicate that the lack of dynamics in current tax policy is not in harmony with the rapid development of increasingly varied philanthropic activities. Therefore, the donors and recipients face uncertainty related to taxation on philanthropy including tax treatment and tax incentives that can be obtained from the government. Applicable tax policies have not been able to provide incentives for various types of taxes but Income Tax in the form of tax deduction and tax exemption. Unfortunately, this type of incentive is relatively unappealing to philanthropic activists. In other words, the policy of tax incentives on philanthropy activities has not been a pull factor for the community to be more actively involved in philanthropy activities.  Furthermore, the issues associated with tax administration are still found in its implementation. Regulatory improvement is necessary, including accommodation of incentives for all types of taxes on philanthropy in Indonesia, as an appreciation for citizens who have strengthened the government's role in the prosperity of society.

scholarly journals IN THE GREEN CLASSROOM—TAX POLICY OF ENVIRONMENTAL TAX RULES AND INCENTIVES: NEW DIRECTIONS IN TEACHING AND RESEARCH

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Annette Nellen
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Fuel Tax ◽  
New Directions ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Levels

INTRODUCTION There is no shortage of tax rules that address energy and natural resources in some manner. There are taxes on most types of fuel, tax credits for energy saving devices, and various tax incentives to encourage specified activities such as use of LED lighting or energy efficient heaters. In addition, numerous proposals are offered annually by lawmakers at the federal, state and local levels that also address conservation, energy and innovation in conservation and energy-efficiencies. How do we know if existing rules and proposals are appropriate for a tax system? Principles of good tax policy can be applied to them to identify strengths, weaknesses and how to improve the rules and proposals. This article explains the principles of good tax policy, provides an example of their application and makes several suggestions of how this type of analysis can be incorporated into any classroom learning on green building topics. This exercise is not only for students with tax knowledge, but also engineers, scientists, architects, environmentalists, as well as everyone in our roles of citizen and voter.

scholarly journals LEGAL POLICY OF ANTI-SOVIET A. V. KOLCHAK’S GOVERNMENT IN THE SPHERE OF TAXES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
A. V. Dulger
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the legislation of anti-Soviet state entities in the field of taxes, in particular, the government of A.V. Kolchak. Particular attention is paid to the subsequent implementation of regulatory acts in the field of tax regulation in Western Siberia. The features of the tax policy of the Kolchaks government in the conditions of revolution and civil war are described considering the previous events of the Soviet authorities. The restoration of the tax system is being investigated. The types of direct and indirect taxes, such as corporate income tax, commercial tax, excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco products, income tax, entertainment tax, are examined in detail. The impact of tax policy of A. V. Kolchak to other anti-Soviet governments that acted on the territory of Russia in 19171921, and to some extent to the tax policy of the Soviet government after the defeat of the white movement is estimated. The author assumes and argues the lack of effectiveness of the tax policy of the white A. V. Kolchaks government, which was one of the reasons for his defeat.

scholarly journals Policy Forum: Tax Reform in Canada's 43rd Parliament—Politics, Policy, and Second-Best Choices

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Sean Speer
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Expenditures ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
The Government

A minority Parliament in Ottawa will require that the government and the opposition parties search for areas of policy convergence. One area where there is potential for cooperation is action on a comprehensive review of the federal tax system, which was an election commitment by multiple political parties. There is scope for a review exercise that ultimately can enhance the efficiency and equity of the federal tax code. But such a review will need to recognize that tax policy and politics cannot be divorced from one another. This article presents a critical analysis of calls for a royal commission or adoption of the "big-bang" model for tax reform. These approaches to tax reform assume that politics is a major barrier to evidence-based tax reform and that political impulses need to be minimized or excluded from the process. This perspective neglects the normative aspects of tax policy and the extent to which policy choices are shaped by a complex mix of interests, preferences, and values. Instead, the author argues for a reform exercise that is rooted in political institutions and processes. In particular, he proposes an incremental yet systematic model for tax reform that draws from the 2007-2011 experience with "strategic reviews" of program spending at the federal level. This model would envision the government conducting thematic reviews of tax expenditures (focusing, for example, on home ownership, retirement and savings, and clean energy investments) on a regular, ongoing basis, in order to gradually rationalize the federal tax system by consolidating and redesigning current tax expenditures. The results may be less transformative in the short term than those potentially achievable by alternative approaches, but will ultimately lead to more durable reform over the long term.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF INCENTIVE TAXATION MECHANISMS OF BUSINESS ENTITIES IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (99) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
O. O. Nepochatenko ◽  
◽  
P. K. Bechko ◽  
S. A. Vlasiuk ◽  
O. V. Ponomarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Incentive Mechanisms ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Development Prospects

In the contemporary world, the agricultural industry faces a system call, which priority is to resolve the problem of a new high-quality model of development with the use of state financial support, which main tool is tax incentives based on a differentiated approach depending on the specific amounts of direct state financial support that is received by each business entity. The contemporary nature of development mechanism for incentive taxation of economic entities in agricultural sector of the economy is under constant review of both theorists and practitioners who study the taxation problems of farmers. However, solution to this issue for national farmers in current situation has not yet been completely researched; they require further study, using both foreign and native experience in order to implement it in national tax system. To justify the theoretical aspects of the development prospects of tax incentive mechanisms, best practices have been used, developed by both international and native practice of the tax system and scientific progress of foreign and native scientists who researched the development of tax incentive mechanisms for business entities in agricultural sector of the economy. It was proved that in order to improve taxation and tax incentives for farmers, it becomes necessary to clarify the criteria for classifying business entities in the industry as agricultural manufacturers. Unreasonably, economic entities that process agricultural products are not included in the Tax Code. Considering this, within years, the number of imported agricultural products, including livestock products, has been increasing. The result was a new author’s approach to dealing with the development prospects of tax incentives mechanism for business entities in the agricultural sector of the economy. So, at the legislative level, it is necessary to make amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine on taxation of agrarians with a single tax (fourth group), depending on their specialization, by providing preferences to agricultural producers for the production of livestock products and their processing.

scholarly journals Tax policy for business entities under the conditions of association with the European Union: features and optimization directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 13013 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Abuselidze ◽  
Inga Gogitidze
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Macroeconomic Effect ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

Under the conditions of EU association, one of the important for Georgia is to create such tax policy that shall be agreeable and settled with the economic systems of developed countries. The efficiency of the tax system depends on the optimal tax policy, according to which highly available and modern standard-oriented business environment is created. In 2017, the Parliament of Georgia passed the reform of profit tax that is aimed to free the business entities from profit tax during the reinvestment process. All the above mentioned maintains the topicality of ongoing reforms in Georgia. The goal of the research is to identify the impact of the new tax system on the Gross Domestic Product, the stream of investments, stimulation of business, and the period, after which the results of the reform will be favourable for the economic. There are various researches and scientific publications on the given issue. According to the study, the reform will produce a long-term macroeconomic effect that will mainly aim to favour small and middle scale businesses. Liberal tax approaches are advancing Georgia’s investment attractiveness, reflecting an increase of investments. This work is based on Estonian experience presented in statistics and international studies. The information processed by experts and researchers helps us to evaluate the impact of this reform on Georgia.

scholarly journals Behavioral Economics and Obesity: An Analysis of Fitness-Based Tax Incentives

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Time Inconsistent ◽  
The Impact

B oth federal and state governments have experimented with policy proposals aimed at decreasing obesity rates, mostly through the regulation of unhealthy foods. There has been little research, however, on the impact of fitness-based policy initiatives on obesity rates. To address these issues, this paper first outlines previous policies aimed at preventing obesity and provides justification in favor of government intervention. In particular, this paper argues that hyperbolic discounting, a specific type of time-inconsistent preference where individuals make decisions that favor instant gratification rather than long-term benefits, provides economic justification for government intervention to combat obesity. It then uses Canada as a case study to demonstrate the effect that fitness-based tax credits have on physical activity, obesity, and long-term healthcare costs, and highlights a current pending piece of legislation in the 114th US Congress that would bring a similar program to the United States. More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of fitness tax incentives on increasing physical activity among currently sedentary individuals. Nonetheless, this paper concludes by suggesting that fitness-based tax incentives are more politically viable than food regulations.

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