The “Pull Factor” Problematization in the Emergence of Everyday Bordering in the UK Welfare State

The “everyday bordering” concept has provided key insights into the effects of diverse bordering practices upon social life, placing the bordering of the welfare state among wider state interventions in an autochthonous politics of belonging. Sociological contributions have also introduced new explanations as to why states pursue such measures, positing that neoliberal states seek legitimacy through increasing activities to (re)affirm borders within this politics of belonging, compensating for a failure to govern the economy in the interests of citizens. To what extent is this visible in the state-led emergence of (everyday) borders around welfare in the United Kingdom, often cited as a key national case? This article draws from 20 elite interviews to contribute to genealogical accounts of the emergence of everyday bordering through identifying the developing “problematizations” connected to this kind of bordering activity, as the British state began to distinctly involve welfare-state actors in bordering policies in the 1990s and early 2000s. This evidence underlines how these policies were tied to a “pull factor” problematization of control failure, where the state needed to reduce various “pull factors” purportedly attracting unwanted migrants in order to control immigration per se, with little evidence that legitimacy issues tied to perceived declining economic governability informed these developments in this period. These findings can inform future genealogical analyses that trace the emergence of everyday bordering.

Modeling the decision-making process of financial path transition from entrepreneur's perspective using a fuzzy cognitive mapping

PurposeThis study explores how entrepreneurs modify their financial path(s) and go beyond job security to attain greater financial freedom. The present work examines the cash-flow quadrant (CFQ) attributes and demonstrates the importance of the push-pull factors for an individual's quadrant transition in achieving financial freedom.Design/methodology/approachA hypothetical model and an abductive approach were used through regression models in a population sample of 260 Bahraini entrepreneurs. Fuzzy participatory cognitive mapping was also used to develop a conceptual model of financial path transition's decision making among entrepreneurs and study the impact of certain push-pull factors on the entrepreneurs' decisions.FindingsThe triangulated study identifies six categories of variables: financial freedom, workplace condition, independence, salary level, family life-building and retirement savings as key pull-push factors that significantly impact financial path transition's decision. Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) extends our knowledge of the dynamics of CFQ transitions from a push-pull factor perspective. The results indicate no significant differences between the variables listed in the regression model and the fuzzy cognitive map model. Four categories of pull-push factors appeared as the entrepreneurs' top rankings when ordered by complexity, centrality scores and impact weight. These categories were workplace conditions, financial freedom, independence and salary level. The findings widen the scope of knowledge of each quadrant and rationalize how and why such factors impact quadrant decisions among Bahraini entrepreneurs.Originality/valueMany studies discuss the CFQ model and consider its quadrants a specific method for identifying a unique financial path to generate income. A shifting quadrant occurs when individuals want to change their financial path and move beyond job security to achieve more financial freedom. Although this transition is well-established in the literature, the factors accounting for the individual's transition across quadrants have not received enough attention. This study fills this gap and calls for more in-depth investigations of this area to better understand the dynamics of CFQ transitions from a push-pull factor perspective.

Hyundai Investment On Electric Vehicles In Indonesia

The electric vehicle trend globally made mobile automakers preparing another strategy. Nonetheless for Hyundai as South Korean biggest automaker with their success in the domestic market attracting Hyundai to expand their business. On the other side, Indonesia as the biggest economy in ASEAN demands continuous growth of its economy and expecting economy drive from foreign direct investment (FDI) and seeing the global trend despite lack of electric vehicle facilities and technology. This article analyzes why Hyundai decided to make a direct investment in Indonesia regarding the electric vehicle. This article tried to break down the premises through the push-pull factor in order to give an argument about Hyundai reasons in Indonesia.

Tying Up Loose Ends. Integrating Consumers’ Psychology into a Broad Interdisciplinary Perspective on a Circular Sustainable Bioeconomy

A shift towards a bioeconomy is not sustainable per se. In order to contribute to sustainable development, a bioeconomy must meet certain conditions. These conditions have been discussed with respect to technology and also to the importance of ethical aspects. Consumers’ behavior has also been acknowledged. However, consumers still have to choose sustainable consumption options, and this choice depends on their psychological makeup, which can be related to two factors: behavioral costs and individual sustainability motivation. Behavioral costs determine how difficult the consumption of a bio-based product is, relative to other less sustainable consumption options. Sustainability motivation determines how much effort a person is willing to expend for a more sustainable consumption option, for the sustainable use and recycling of a product, or even to refrain from engaging in consumption. In addition, in a complex bioeconomic system, the sustainability of a bio-based consumption option is not always clear cut. After providing an introduction to the systemic and technological background of bio-based products, we present how consumers’ sustainability motivation is an essential and decisive pull factor for a circular sustainable bioeconomy. We also present the drivers of consumers’ sustainability motivation as necessary components of a sustainable bioeconomic system.

What Brings Female Professionals to Entrepreneurship? Exploring the Antecedents of Women’s Professional Entrepreneurship

This study explores how female professionals engage in starting their own businesses, known as professional entrepreneurship. In particular, this study specifies what factors foster the likelihood of self-employment of female professionals. Drawing upon the push and pull theories of entrepreneurship, we argue that individual capabilities (as a pull factor) make the self-employment of female professionals less likely, while discrimination experiences (as a push factor) make the self-employment of female professionals more likely. Given such bifurcated effects of these factors, we examine the combinatory effects of individual capabilities and discrimination experiences (which are specified as attribute-based and family-based discrimination experiences) on the rate of self-employment of female professionals. With a sample of 1356 female lawyers in the U.S., we test our hypotheses predicting the rate of self-employment with respect to prior salary and discrimination experiences. Our results reveal that prior salary (a pull factor) motivates female lawyers to stay at the traditional law firms, whereas attribute-based discrimination experiences (a push factor) motivate them to open their own office. Furthermore, we find that such a push effect is pronounced only among the female lawyers with lower salaries. Then, the empirical findings are discussed to elaborate the process of female professionals’ entrepreneurship.

Faktor Gaya Hidup dan Perilaku Keuangan yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Tujuan Wisata ke Jepang

Berdasarkan data dari Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO), jumlah wisatawan Indonesia yang berkunjung ke Jepang sepanjang tahun 2019 sebanyak 412.800 orang wisatawan, meningkat sebanyak 4% dibandingkan dengan tahun 2018 yaitu sebanyak 396.852. Peningkatan ini bisa didasari oleh banyak hal, beberapa diantaranya adalah gaya hidup yang disokong oleh tekhnologi informasi ini juga menyebabkan batas antar negara menjadi terlihat lebih samar, sehingga hiburan yang dipilih tak hanya terbatas di dalam negeri, nilai tukar mata uang Yen dan Rupiah, serta harga relative atau jumlah pengeluaran wisatawan asing di sebuah destinasi wisata. Variabel yang diteliti dikhususkan pada faktor Gaya hidup dalam penelitian ini diidentifikasi dengan Dimensi Pengukuran Gaya Hidup AIO yaitu Activities, Interest and Opinion. Sedangkan keputusan berkunjung akan dijabarkan menjadi dua dimensi yaitu push factor dan pull factor. Penelitian ini akan diuji mnggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS).

From “Angels” to “Vice Smugglers”: the Criminalization of Sea Rescue NGOs in Italy

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have played a crucial role in conducting Search and Rescue (SAR) operations off the Libyan coast, assisting almost 120,000 migrants between 2014 and 2019. Their activities, however, have been increasingly criticized. The accusation that NGOs facilitate irregular migration has escalated into investigations by Italian and Maltese courts and various policy initiatives restricting non-governmental ships and their access to European ports. Although all NGOs investigated to date have been acquitted, the combination of criminal investigations and policy restrictions that has taken place in Italy since 2017 has severely hindered non-governmental SAR operations. Given the humanitarian repercussions of reducing NGOs’ presence at sea, the merits and shortcomings of the arguments underlying the criminalization of non-governmental maritime rescue warrant in-depth research. To that end, this article fulfils two interrelated tasks. First, it provides a genealogy of the accusation against NGOs and the ensuing combination of legal criminalization, policy restrictions, and social stigmatization in restraining their activities. Second, it uses quantitative data to show that empirically verifiable accusations like the claim that NGOs serve as a pull factor of migration, thereby causing more people to day at sea, are not supported by available evidence. By doing so, our study sheds new light onto the criminalization of humanitarianism and its implications.

How does the placement of a school matter ? Urban-centred English-medium Schooling and its Impact on Intergenerational Transmission of Gurung Language in Nepal

This paper explores how urban-centred English-medium private schools in Nepal cause migration of young women with their children from remote village to urban and bring family as well as culture related problems which, ultimately, affect in the transmission of their language across generations. Visiting Chhimkekharka (i.e., a typical remote Gurung village located in the southern part of Tanahun District), listening stories of two migrant Gurung family cases in Aanboo Khaireni, and exploring experiences of some villagers via semi-structured interviews, this study found that English medium private schools which were centralised to Aanboo Khaireni had become the chief pull factor for the migration of Gurung young women with their children leading to change in family structure and cultural fluidity. Finally, it has created rupture in the intergenerational transfer of Gurung language across generations.

Korelasi Antara Push dan Pull Factor Wisata Kawasan dan Bangunan Bersejarah

Kawasan dan bangunan bersejarah merupakan salah satu tujuan wisata yang didatangi masyarakat. Masyarakat memiliki beberapa alasan dalam mendatangi kawasan dan bangunan bersejarah. Terdapat dua faktor, push dan pull, dalam mengunjungi kawasan dan bangunan bersejarah. Faktor push adalah faktor pendorong yang merupakan motivasi dari diri seseorang. Sedangkan faktor pull merupakan faktor lingkungan yang menjadi penarik seseorang dalam berwisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan faktor push dan pull dalam mengunjungi kawasan dan bangunan bersejarah, serta melihat korelasi dari kedua faktor tersebut. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan ada tiga dimensi push yaitu edukasi, fisiologis, dan interpersonal; serta empat dimensi pull yaitu aksesibilitas dan keterjangkauan, kualitas lingkungan dan pengalaman, sosial, dan daya tarik objek. Dimensi edukasi memiliki korelasi tinggi dengan daya tarik objek. Dimensi interpersonal memiliki korelasi tinggi dengan dimensi sosial, dan dimensi fisiologis memiliki korelasi tinggi dengan kualitas lingkungan dan pengalaman.