scholarly journals An Overview of History of Contract Law Translation in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100
Author(s):  
Lin Sun ◽  
Dexiang Gong
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Specific Field ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se

Legal translation enjoys significance in both empirical and theoretical aspects, while the historical perspective can help the academia and translators to know the past of certain specific field of laws so as to produce better translation versions. Based on commonly accepted translations theories, this article explores the historical importance of contract law in perspective, analyzes the process of development, exhibits the translation achievements and experiences from major translators and agencies, thus, some paradigm and future advices can be drawn therefrom. Employing a theoretical method in a history angle is not that frequently used in translation practice, however it is also not that rare, it can be a start for not only contract law per se, but the whole legal translation in balance.

scholarly journals Historical perspective of neurology in Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shri Kant-Mishra ◽  
Hadi Mohammad Khanli ◽  
Golnoush Akhlaghipour ◽  
Ghazaleh Ahmadi Jazi ◽  
Shaweta Khosa1
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

Iran is an ancient country, known as the cradle of civilization. The history of medicine in Iran goes back to the existence of a human in this country, divided into three periods: pre-Islamic, medieval, and modern period. There are records of different neurologic terms from the early period, while Zoroastrian (religious) prescription was mainly used until the foundation of the first medical center (Gondishapur). In the medieval period, with the conquest of Islam, prominent scientists were taught in Baghdad, like Avicenna, who referred to different neurologic diseases including stroke, paralysis, tremor, and meningitis. Several outstanding scientists developed the medical science of neurology in Iran, the work of whom has been used by other countries in the past and present. In the modern era, the Iranian Neurological Association was established with the efforts of Professor Jalal Barimani in 1991.

Efforts to Improve International Migration Statistics: A Historical Perspective

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Percy Kraly ◽  
K.S. Gnanasekaran
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Statistical Systems

During the past decade the international statistical community has made several efforts to develop standards for the definition, collection and publication of statistics on international migration. This article surveys the history of official initiatives to standardize international migration statistics by reviewing the recommendations of the ISI, International Labor Organization and the United Nations and reports a recently proposed agenda for moving toward comparability among national statistical systems.

Scotland, Malawi and Medicine: Livingstone's Legacy, I Presume? An Historical Perspective.

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
John Lwanda
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Future Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

In this personal short historical perspective I reflect on aspects of the medical history of Malawi, formerly Nyasaland, highlighting the role of Scotland and its people in the development of the Malawi medical services in both the colonial as well as the postcolonial period which began in 1964. The paper, after discussing the history of medical training in Malawi and current constraints and challenges, goes on to make some suggestions - based on historical lessons - about future role of Scottish involvement in Malawi's medical development. It would be unfortunate if, in a rush to ‘help or do something’ the mistakes of the past are repeated.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THEOLOGICAL TRAINING AND HERMENEUTICS IN PENTECOSTALISM: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-207
Author(s):  
Marius Nel
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pentecostal Movement ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Theological Training

The article hypothesises that the historical development of Pentecostal hermeneutics is closely related to and illustrated by Pentecostals’ attitude towards theological training. A short survey is given of the development of theological training within the Pentecostal movement in order to demonstrate how it accompanied a change in the way the Bible was considered during the past century in terms of three phases. For the first three decades Pentecostals had no inclination towards any theological training; they considered that the Bible provided all they needed to know and what was important was not what people in biblical times experienced with or stated about God, but the way these narratives indicate contemporary believers to an encounter with God themselves, resulting in similar experiences. From the 1940s, Pentecostals for several reasons sought acceptance and approval and entered into partnerships with evangelicals, leading to their acceptance of evangelicals’ way of reading the Bible in a fundamentalist-literalist way. From the 1970s they established theological colleges and seminaries where theologians consciously developed Pentecostal hermeneutics in affinity with early Pentecostal hermeneutics, although most Pentecostals still read the Bible in a fundamentalist-literalistic way − as do the evangelicals. Its hermeneutics determined its anti-intellectual stance and the way Pentecostals arranged the training of its pastors. The history of the Pentecostal movement cannot be understood properly without realising the close connection between its hermeneutics and its view of theological training.

scholarly journals Conviviality and parallax in David Olusoga’s Black and British: A Forgotten History

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 979-995
Author(s):  
Jack Black
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Black British ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Experience ◽  
Characteristic Part

Through examining the BBC television series, Black and British: A Forgotten History, written and presented by the historian David Olusoga, and in extending Paul Gilroy’s assertion that the everyday banality of living with difference is now an ordinary part of British life, this article considers how Olusoga’s historicization of the Black British experience reflects a convivial rendering of UK multiculture. In particular, when used alongside Žižek’s notion of parallax, it is argued that understandings of convivial culture can be supported by a historical importance that deliberately ‘shocks’, and subsequently dislodges, popular interpretations of the UK’s ‘white past’. Notably, it is parallax which puts antagonism, strangeness and ambivalence at the heart of contemporary depictions of convivial Britain, with the UK’s cultural differences located in the ‘gaps’ and tensions which characterize both its past and present. These differences should not be feared but, as a characteristic part of our convivial culture, should be supplemented with historical analyses that highlight but, also, undermine, the significance of cultural differences in the present. Consequently, it is suggested that if the spontaneity of conviviality is to encourage openness, then understandings of multiculturalism need to go beyond reification in order to challenge our understandings of the past. Here, examples of ‘alterity’ are neither ‘new’ nor ‘contemporary’, but instead, constitute a fundamental part of the nation’s history: of the ‘gap’ made visible in transiting past and present.

Students and Dissent in Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Patrizia Manduchi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Student Organizations ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
History Of Universities

This essay aims to describe the Egyptian university movement from the birth of University in Egypt (1908) until the end of Nasser period (1970). A particular focus is provided on the political and social role that students’ opposition movements assumed during all the national events, both in the liberal-monarchic age and under the Nasser presidency. A special attention has been payed to the evolution of Islamic student organizations inside Egyptian universities. The ultimate goal is to stress, with an historical perspective, the relations between the history of universities and students movements as a part of the past and recent history of Egypt. The analysis of the history of thought, the progressive evolution of civil society, the complex articulation of political discourse, the authoritarian and repressive regimes, the censorship, is relevant to better understand the actual political Egyptian context.

scholarly journals Marketing, the past and corporate heritage

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. T. Balmer ◽  
Mario Burghausen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Heritage ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Temporal Agency ◽  
Marketing Approach

We argue for a more expansive conceptualization of the past’s relevance in, and for, marketing. Such a differentiated approach to the past is pregnant with possibilities in terms of advancing scholarship apropos temporal agency in marketing along with consumption practices. Symptomatic of this perspective is the increased mindfulness of the rich palate of past-related concepts. Significantly, the corporate heritage notion – because of its omnitemporal nature – represents a distinct and meaningful vector on the past by coalescing the past, present and future into a new type of temporality. As such, the authors reason this expansive conceptualization of ‘the past-in-marketing’ is both timely and efficacious. While sensitive of the importance of the historical method in marketing and the history of marketing scholarship and practice per se, this broader marketing approach to and of the past highlights the ideational and material manifestations of the past-in-the-present and an envisaged past-in-the-future.

Beobachtungen zur Turfan-Chandoviciti

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Ruixuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The Silk Road

In 1958, a number of birchbark fragments in the Berlin collection of Turfan manuscripts were edited and published by Dieter Schlingloff under the title of Chandoviciti. He ascribed them to three independent texts on Sanskrit metrics, which contained numerous exemplary verses of a wide variety of Sanskrit meters. Therefore some scholars felt justified in assuming that the texts dated by Schlingloff in the second half of the fourth century ce were originally a collection of exemplary verses. Nevertheless the textual history of those texts remains obscure. This recent research is based on a scrutiny of the original source, while bringing about a correction of several readings. Furthermore, some palaeographical remarks might be able to suggest a somewhat later dating of the manuscripts in question than that proposed by Schlingloff. With regard to the title of this treatise, it follows from a historical perspective that Chandoviciti per se as a title would hardly be probable, if not impossible. In the last part of this article, light is shed on the internal diversity and inconsistency among those exemplary verses, which render it plausible that the so-called Turfan-Chandoviciti could have been a „mixed“ booklet compiled from at least four different sources which was then continuously abridged over the course of time from the very beginning of its spread along the Silk Road up to its final entry into Xinjiang.

scholarly journals Bharathi’s Concept of Women Liberation: Legacy and novelty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana B ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Tamil Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Feminist Ideology ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Subramania Bharathi is probably the greatest poet in the History of Tamil literature. Many books and articles have been written both in English and Tamil praising his works and criticizing him for the past hundred years. His works have been taken up for research, to analyze Nationalism, language, politics, literature, translation, philosophy, feminism and religion. This book entitled “Bharathi’s concept of women liberation: Legacy and novelty” analyzes his feminist thoughts and the lives of women during his period. The author of this book Dr. B. Kalpana carefully analyzes about Bharathi’s works, his period, tradition, his innovative and modern thoughts that paved the way to the future generation. In this book, Dr. B. Kalpana points out, how Bharathi overcame tradition, and became a revolutionary poet of the twentieth century. Bharathi’s feminist ideology is carefully analyzed in this book from the historical perspective.

scholarly journals Mergers and alliances in the liner shipping industry: an historical perspective

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
David A Menachof ◽  
Anthony Damian
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Wave Focusing ◽  
Merger Wave ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article chronicles the history of mergers and alliances in the liner shipping industry during the past century before focusing on the latest wave of mergers to hit the industry Each merger wave in the liner shipping industry generally coincided with merger waves from the general industrial world. The incentive for each wave of mergers seemed to be different, with the most recent wave focusing on synergy between the merging companies. The reduction of competing firms through mergers has implications for the shipper and these are also examined.

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