scholarly journals An overview of asphalt pavement design for streets and roads

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ricardo Vásquez-Varela ◽  
Francisco Javier García-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Incremental Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Proper Analysis

Pavements are geotechnical problems; consequently, a geotechnical framework is useful to describe their constitutive elements. The design of asphalt pavements for streets and roads evolved from empiric to mechanistic-empiric (M-E) procedures throughout the 20th century. The mechanistic-empiric method, based on layered elastic theory, became a common practice with the publication of separate procedures by Shell Oil, Asphalt Institute, and French LCPC, among others. Since its origin, the M-E procedure can consider incremental pavement design but, only until the beginning of the 21st century, the computational power became available to practicing engineers. American MEPDG represents the state-of-the-art M-E incremental design procedure with significant advantages and drawbacks, the latter mainly related to the extensive calibration activities required to assure a proper analysis and design according to subgrade, climate, and materials at a particular location and for an intended level of reliability. Perpetual pavements are a subset of M-E designed pavements with a proven history of success for the particular conditions where they are warranted. No design method, either the most straightforward empirical approach or the most elaborated incremental mechanistic one, is appropriate without proper knowledge about the fundamental design factors and calibration of the performance models for each distress mode upon consideration.

scholarly journals New Hungarian Mechanistic-Empirical Design Procedure for Asphalt Pavements

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Csaba Tóth ◽  
Péter Primusz
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Alternative Procedure ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Empirical Design

Certain elements of the currently used Hungarian pavement design method are based on the mechanistic-empirical pavement design principles, although they are not always readily implemented in practice. When designing a new pavement structure, it is only possible to select predetermined composition from a catalogue. The use of the Hungarian design catalogue is unquestionably comfortable, but nowadays special requirements (e.g. economy, sustainability) have been formulated as well. Those requirements increasingly call for the development of a method that can be used under Hungarian conditions, which can provide for the employment of various material properties. Instead of offering a predefined solution it needs to provide a useful tool for designers to enable realistic comparisons of engineering alternatives. This paper introduces the results of an ongoing research that aims to provide an alternative procedure for the design of newly constructed asphalt pavements. It establishes the framework for better characterization of the material properties of the natural subgrade and bound pavement layers compared to the utilization of predetermined designs. It also provides opportunity to consider local, environmental, geographical and other conditions and innovative building and technology capabilities.

A Pavement Design and Rehabilitation System

1996 ◽  
Vol 1539 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Uzan
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
Overlay Design ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Pavement Thickness

Because the Superpave system is not readily available for use, an interim pavement design and rehabilitation method was developed that can be used for Israeli traffic and environmental conditions. The existing method was upgraded to include most of the relevant available information and to produce reliable pavement design for the specific conditions in Israel. The upgrading concentrated on multiple topics. An axle-load distribution specific to Israeli conditions was included because analysis indicates that axle loads in Israel are typically above the standard 80-kN single axle load. The extended California bearing ratio (CBR) method was adapted to a variety of axle-load combinations by using Miner's law for damage accumulation. Converting the axle-load distribution to the standard 80-kN equivalent single axle load leads to underdesign of approximately 10 percent in pavement thickness (or to a reduction of about 70 percent of the design life). A fatigue consideration to determine the asphalt-layer thickness was added. Local temperatures were analyzed to determine an equivalent temperature for fatigue calculation. For Israeli conditions, an equivalent temperature of 14°C can be used countrywide for asphalt-layer thicknesses up to 250 mm. An overlay design method consistent with the upgraded design procedure was assembled. It includes backcalculation of layer moduli to determine the subgrade CBR and the quality of the pavement layers; pavement condition surveys to evaluate a representative effective thickness of the asphalt layer; and component-layer analysis to determine the overlay thickness.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Rigid Pavement Design Based on Semi-Empirical Methods: Romanian Case Study

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Costel Pleșcan ◽  
Elena-Loredana Pleșcan ◽  
Mariana D. Stanciu ◽  
Marius Botiș ◽  
Daniel Taus
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Pavement Structures

Due to the intensive process of road construction or rehabilitation of pavement caused by an increase in traffic volume, in the field of rigid pavement design and research in Romania, we can say that there is a need to improve the design method. In the last decade, more and more researchers have been concerned about climate change and the increase in traffic volume; hence, there is a need for a renewal of the climatological, as well as traffic, databases because these are part of the input data for the design process. The design method currently used in Romania for jointed plain concrete pavement design is NP081/2002. The limitation of the data and the lack of lifetime estimation of structural and functional performance are the main aspects that need to be addressed in the new design procedure. The Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design (MEPDG) method offers the possibility of the design of pavement structures by estimating the structural and functional performances. This paper aims to obtain a comparative study of these two methods for the analysis of the input data collected from the field corresponding to the three failure criteria, while the symmetry of the characteristics of the material and their asymmetrical thicknesses are compared, thus contributing to the design of viable and long-lasting pavement structures using a rigid pavement with the specific characteristics of the mountainous area in northeastern Romania on the national road DN17 Suceava—Vatra Dornei. The novelty of this study consists of the implementation of the mechanistic–empirical method MEPDG instead of the old NP081/2002 method used in Romania.

Development of Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design in Minnesota

1998 ◽  
Vol 1629 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Timm ◽  
Bjorn Birgisson ◽  
David Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Material Characterization ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Load Spectra ◽  
Weigh In Motion

The next AASHTO guide on pavement design will encourage a broader use of mechanistic-empirical (M-E) approaches. While M-E design is conceptually straightforward, the development and implementation of such a procedure are somewhat more complicated. The development of an M-E design procedure at the University of Minnesota, in conjunction with the Minnesota Department of Transportation, is described. Specifically, issues concerning mechanistic computer models, material characterization, load configuration, pavement life equations, accumulating damage, and seasonal variations in material properties are discussed. Each of these components fits into the proposed M-E design procedure for Minnesota but is entirely compartmentalized. For example, as better computer models are developed, they may simply be inserted into the design method to yield more accurate pavement response predictions. Material characterization, in terms of modulus, will rely on falling-weight deflectometer and laboratory data. Additionally, backcalculated values from the Minnesota Road Research Project will aid in determining the seasonal variation of moduli. The abundance of weigh-in-motion data will allow for more accurate load characterization in terms of load spectra rather than load equivalency. Pavement life equations to predict fatigue and rutting in conjunction with Miner’s hypothesis of accumulating damage are continually being refined to match observed performance in Minnesota. Ultimately, a computer program that incorporates the proposed M-E design method into a user-friendly Windows environment will be developed.

SUPERPAVE VERSUS CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGNING NORMAL AND MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safwan Khedr ◽  
Maram Saudy
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt

Due to the empirical nature and drawbacks of the conventional procedures, the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHARP) has developed a Superior Performance Asphalt Pavements (SUPERPAVE) mix design procedure. The main objective of this research is to study the applicability of the Superpave in Egypt. This is done by studying aggregate characteristics using both the Superpave and the conventional techniques, investigating the normal (virgin) and SBS modified asphalt characteristics using Superpave, and designing asphalt mixtures comprised of the characterized materials using both the Superpave and the conventional Marshall design methods. Results indicate that Superpave is applicable to Egyptian aggregate with a more restrictive supervision of crushing aggregates and gradations (some gradations may need modifications). Mix design results indicated two main findings; first, most optimum asphalt contents (OAC) determined by the Superpave mix design method are consistently less than OAC determined by the Marshall Mix design method. Second, modified asphalt mixes result in less OAC than normal asphalt mixes according to both Marshall and Superpave mix design methods for both binder and surface layers.

scholarly journals Structural Evaluation of Full-Depth Flexible Pavement Using APT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy E. Nantung ◽  
Jusang Lee ◽  
John E. Haddock ◽  
M. Reza Pouranian ◽  
Dario Batioja Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Rutting Behavior

The fundamentals of rutting behavior for thin full-depth flexible pavements (i.e., asphalt thickness less than 12 inches) are investigated in this study. The scope incorporates an experimental study using full-scale Accelerated Pavement Tests (APTs) to monitor the evolution of each pavement structural layer's transverse profiles. The findings were then employed to verify the local rutting model coefficients used in the current pavement design method, the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Four APT sections were constructed using two thin typical pavement structures (seven-and ten-inches thick) and two types of surface course material (dense-graded and SMA). A mid-depth rut monitoring and automated laser profile systems were designed to reconstruct the transverse profiles at each pavement layer interface throughout the process of accelerated pavement deterioration that is produced during the APT. The contributions of each pavement structural layer to rutting and the evolution of layer deformation were derived. This study found that the permanent deformation within full-depth asphalt concrete significantly depends upon the pavement thickness. However, once the pavement reaches sufficient thickness (more than 12.5 inches), increasing the thickness does not significantly affect the permanent deformation. Additionally, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with a dense-graded Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) surface course, most pavement rutting is caused by the deformation of the asphalt concrete, with about half the rutting amount observed within the top four inches of the pavement layers. However, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with an SMA surface course, most pavement rutting comes from the closet sublayer to the surface, i.e., the intermediate layer. The accuracy of the MEPDG’s prediction models for thin full-depth asphalt pavement was evaluated using some statistical parameters, including bias, the sum of squared error, and the standard error of estimates between the predicted and actual measurements. Based on the statistical analysis (at the 95% confidence level), no significant difference was found between the version 2.3-predicted and measured rutting of total asphalt concrete layer and subgrade for thick and thin pavements.

A Simplified Seismic Design Method for Limited-Ductility Steel Multi-Tiered Concentrically Braced Frames in Moderate Seismic Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshagh Derakhshan Houreh ◽  
Ali Imanpour
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Braced Frames ◽  
Concentrically Braced Frames ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Concentrically Braced ◽  
Seismic Regions ◽  
Moderate Seismic Regions

Steel Multi-Tiered Concentrically Braced Frames (MT-CBFs) represent a bracing configuration where two or more concentric bracing panels are stacked between the ground and roof levels in tall single-storey buildings. A large proportion of MT-CBFs in Canada are located in low-to-moderate seismic regions (Seismic Category 0 – 3) where Limited Ductility CBFs are often preferred in design. Nevertheless, brace tensile yielding may not occur in all tiers of such frames. Additionally, the analysis and design procedure adopted by the 2019 Canadian steel design standard (CSA S16-19) can become tedious in tall frames with multiple panels. In this paper, the seismic behaviour of Limited Ductility MT-CBFs in moderate seismic regions of Canada is examined to propose a simplified design method. A set of 16 prototype MT-CBFs is designed in accordance with CSA S16-19, excluding the design requirements prescribed for MT-CBF columns. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are then performed to examine their seismic response. Finally, an efficient design method is proposed in the framework of CSA S16-19.

scholarly journals Study on Rigid Pavement Analysis and Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1842-1850
Author(s):  
Partha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Vital Importance

Abstract: Roads are of vital importance to make a nation rich and develop. A well-connected road network is required for industrial as well as civilization growth. This paper consists of a review on the methodologies followed in rigid pavement design. There are various methods of rigid pavement design. Rigid pavement design procedure explained in this paper.

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Siklus Pendapatan pada PT XYZ (Pendekatan Studi Kasus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kurniawan ◽  
Janastasha Christie Parapaga
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Revenue Cycle

The research goal is to identify and analyze the need of accounting information system related to the revenue cycle at PT XYZ. This paper designing the useful of accounting information systems to support the current business processes, especially on the revenue cycle process. The design method is an Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) which refers to the modeling and design requirements discipline. And the result achieved by analysis and design of accounting information systems can support current activities of the revenue cycle, especially for the documentation and store of transaction data, and generate reports in accordance with company requirements. Conclusions derived from the analysis and design is the implementation of a webbased application that can help PT XYZ to do the work in different places, such as marketing office, head office and especially at the exhibition. Index Terms - Accounting Information System, revenue cycle, OOAD 

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