scholarly journals The Post-Postmodern Turn: Challenging the Application of Kuhn's Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Jesús Bolaño Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
First Century ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Intense Debate

The point of departure for this article is the much-debated death of postmodernism, heralded by influential experts on the subject such as Linda Hutcheon or Ihab Hassan at the beginning of the new millennium. Although the academic community as a whole has not agreed with this fact, there was an intense debate during the first years of the twenty-first century that was evidence of a change of attitude towards this cultural phase. With this in mind, the aim of this study is to provide a theoretical framework for the change in order to understand its nature. Analysing the theories developed by Thomas S. Kuhn on paradigm shifts in the field of science and applying them to the context of critical theory at the beginning of the millennium serves to challenge the very idea of postmodernism as a paradigm in the terms developed in Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 

What’s Forgotten About The Structure of Scientific Revolutions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-339
Author(s):  
Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
History Of

Abstract Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is a classic, and it is certainly not forgotten. However, an essential aspect about it has been neglected. That is, Kuhn’s Structure is a book in philosophy of history in the sense that Structure attempts gives an account of historical events, focuses on the whole of the history of science and stipulates a structure of the history of science to explain historical events. Kuhn’s book and its contribution to the debates about the progress of science and the contingency and inevitability of the history of science shows why and how philosophy of history is relevant for the history and philosophy of science. Its successful integration of historical and philosophical aspects in one account makes it worthwhile reading also for philosophers of history in the twentieth-first century. In particular, it raises the question whether the historical record can justify philosophical views and comprehensive syntheses of the past.

5. Scientific change and scientific revolutions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Theory Ladenness

‘Scientific change and scientific revolutions’ discusses the work of Thomas Kuhn who, in 1963, published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, the most influential work of philosophy of science in the last fifty years. Firstly, the logical positivist philosophy of science and structure of scientific revolutions are explained. Kuhn's doctrine of paradigm shifts, of incommensurability, and of the theory-ladenness of data are then examined. He argued that his aim was not to cast doubt on the rationality of science, but rather to offer a more realistic, historically accurate picture of how science actually develops. Kuhn's work also played a role in the rise of cultural relativism in the humanities and social sciences.

Quantification in Science and Cognition Circa 1937 A Newly Discovered Text of Ludwik Fleck

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Löwy
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Ludwik Fleck ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Scientific Fact ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Principal Work

Although Ludwik Fleck is today recognized as one of the pioneers of the historical sociology of science, his historical and epistemological writings, most of them dating from the 1930s, long remained practically unknown. They were rediscovered following the mention of Fleck's principal work, the monograph Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (1935) in the preface of Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), and thanks to the efforts of W. Baldamus (1977) and his student T. Schnelle (1982) and of the editors of the English translation of Fleck's book, R. K. Merton and T. J. Trenn. Fleck's work was studied by several scholars and was the subject of two meetings: “Colloquium Ludwik Fleck” (Hamburg, 1981) organized by L. Schaffer and T. Schnelle, and a symposium organized by R. S. Cohen (Berlin, 1984). Some of the papers presented at these meetings were published in Cohen and Schnelle 1986. Today, more than fifty years after the publication of his principal study, Fleck is on his way to becoming a “classic” of the sociology of science and of epistemology.

scholarly journals Gnoseological models in geographic research of relationship between nature and society

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
Mirko Grcic
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is a retrospective review of theory and concepts about the relationship between man and nature, which influenced the development of geographical thought and in certain historical conditions have the role of scientific paradigms. In this regard, the subject, methodological and gnoseological transformation of human geography has an explanation in the concept of the structure of scientific revolutions of T. S. Kuhn.

Migrant Diplomacies: Rethinking Diplomacy Beyond State-Centric Perspectives. A Civic Bi-Nationality Experience from North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Alejo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Interdisciplinary Dialogue ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Migrant Activism ◽  
Point Of Departure

There is a pressing need to extend our thinking about diplomacy beyond state-centric perspectives, as in the name of sovereignty and national interests, people on move are confronting virtual, symbolic and/or material walls and frames of policies inhibiting their free movement. My point of departure is to explore migrant activism and global politics through the transformation of diplomacy in a globalised world. Developing an interdisciplinary dialogue between new diplomacy and sociology, I evidence the emergence of global sociopolitical formations created through civic bi-nationality organisations. Focusing on the agent in interaction with structures, I present a theoretical framework and strategy for analysing the practices of migrant diplomacies as an expression of contemporary politics. A case study from North America regarding returned families in Mexico City provides evidence of how these alternative diplomacies are operating.

Un estudio de caso en el análisis de la espiritualidad en el trabajo

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (39) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Zahira Moreno Freites ◽  
María García Jiménez ◽  
Judith Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Estudio De Caso

RESUMENEsta investigación examina la espiritualidad y su consideración en el ambiente laboral, específicamente en los trabajadores de la Dirección de Educación Estadal del Municipio Palavecino, Estado Lara, Venezuela. El estudio de tipo descriptivo y cualitativo permitió analizar materiales teóricos relacionados con la espiritualidad en el trabajo, tomando el concepto de espiritualidad de Mitroff y Denton (1999) como marco teórico para esta investigación, además de los aportes de Pérez (2007) y Robles (2011) que exploran el tema y permitieron la elaboración de un constructo teórico para esta investigación. Los resultados evidencian que existe un alto interés por el tema de la espiritualidad tanto en la vida personal como en el trabajo y puede tratarse abiertamente en el ámbito laboral, a pesar de las limitaciones sobre el tema, su principal beneficio es que favorece el equilibrio en todos los aspectos de la vida.Palabras clave: espiritualidad, ambiente laboral, creencias y valores espirituales.An study of case on the analysis of spirituality at the workABSTRACT This research examines spirituality and its consideration in the workplace, specifically on workers of the Directorate of Education of the Municipality Palavecino State Authority, State Lara, Venezuela. The study of descriptive and qualitative analysis allowed theoretical materials related to spirituality at work, taking the concept of spirituality Mitroff and Denton (1999 ) as the theoretical framework for this research, along with the contributions of Perez (2007) and Robles ( 2011) that explore the issue and allowed the development of a theoretical construct for this research. Los results show that there is a high interest in the topic of spirituality both in personal life and at work and can openly addressed in the workplace, despite the limitations on the subject, its main benefit s that it favors the balance in all aspects of life .Keywords: spirituality, work environment, spiritual beliefs and values. Um estudo de caso na análise da espiritualidade no trabalho RESUMO Esta pesquisa analisa a espiritualidade e sua consideração no local de trabalho, especificamente nos trabalhadores do Departamento de Educação Estadual do Município Palavecino, Estado de Lara, Venezuela. O estudo de análise descritiva e qualitativa permitiu investigar materiais teóricos relacionados à espiritualidade no trabalho, tomando o conceito de espiritualidade de Mitroff e Denton (1999) como marco teórico para esta pesquisa, juntamente com as contribuições de Pérez (2007) e Robles ( 2011) que exploram o tema e permitiram o desenvolvimento de uma construção teórica para esta pesquisa. Os resultados mostram que existe um alto interesse pela temática da espiritualidade tanto na vida pessoal como no trabalho e pode-se tratar abertamente no espaço de trabalho, apesar das limitações sobre o assunto, seu principal benefício é que favorece o equilíbrio em todos os aspectos da vida.Palavras-chave: espiritualidade, ambiente de trabalho, crenças e valores espirituais.

In Pursuit of a New Paradigm (Presidential Address)

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4I) ◽  
pp. 337-365
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Development Economics ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Good News ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
The Subject

After 40 years of its birth, development economics has come to be widely accepted - without universal acclaim. In sharp contrast to some pessimistic evaluations of the subject, the academic community has granted it the right to a separate existence. But the recognition has not come easy. From the first full-length evaluation of the discipline by Chenery (1965), in which he looks at it as a variation on the classical theme of comparative advantage, to Stem's (1989) sympathetic review of the contributions that the discipline has made to the state of economic knowledge, development economics has experienced many a vicissitude - both the laurels of glory and the "arrows of outrageous fortune". But, finally, it has become an industry in its own right, of which not only social profitability but also 'private' profitability appears to be strictly positive: the publishing industry continues to patronize it and publish full-length books on the subject. Four decades of development experience, the production of massive cross-country and time-series data about a large number of development variables, the construction of large macro-economic models and fast-running computers, and the application of mathematical methods, have all combined to lay the foundations of a theoretically rigorous and policy-relevant development paradigm, which is gradually replacing the old one. All this is good news for development economists, who can now afford not only bread but also some butter for their daily parsnips .

Light and Sensitivity: Love in the Time of the Daguerreotype

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czeczot
Keyword(s):  
Male Gaze ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Passive Object

The article deals with the love of Zygmunt Krasiński to Delfina Potocka. The point of departure is the poet's definition of love as looking and reads Krasiński's relationship with his beloved in the context of two phenomena that fascinated him at the time: daguerreotype and magnetism. The invention of the daguerreotype in which the history of photography and spiritism comes together becomes a pretext for the formulation of a new concept of love and the loving subject. In the era of painting the woman was treated as a passive object of the male gaze; photography reverses this scheme of power. Love ceases to be a static relationship of the subject in love and the passive object – the beloved. The philosophy of developing photographs (and invoking phantoms) allows Krasiński - the writing subject to become like a light-sensitive material that reveals the image of the beloved.

A KUHNIAN INTERPRETATION OF THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF ACCOUNTING

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry E. Cushing
Keyword(s):  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Entry Model ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Distinct parallels exist between the historical evolution of scientific disciplines, as explained in Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, and the historical evolution of the accounting discipline. These parallels become apparent when accounting's dominant paradigm is interpreted to be the double-entry bookkeeping model. Following this interpretation, the extensive articulation of the double-entry model over the past four centuries may be seen to closely resemble the “normal science” of Kuhn's theory. Further parallels become apparent when Kuhn's concept of the disciplinary crises that precede scientific revolutions is compared to developments in the accounting discipline over the past 25 years. This portrayal of accounting's evolution suggests an uncertain future for the accounting discipline.

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