scholarly journals Impacts of κ-Oligocarrageenan Application on Photosynthesis, Nutrient Uptake and Bean Yield of Coffee (Coffea robusta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3171-3179
Author(s):  
Trung San Pham ◽  
Minh Khanh Chau ◽  
Huynh Hoang Nhu Khanh ◽  
Anh Khoa Truong ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Biophysical Activity ◽  
Coffea Robusta

κ-Oligocarrgeenan (OC) is well known as an effective and green plant growth promoter and elicitor. However, its effect on coffee plant has not been investigated so far. This study aimed to examine the impacts of OC on biophysical activity, vegetative growth and productivity of coffee plant (Coffea robusta). OC with average molecular weight (AMW) of 4.0 kDa was prepared by depolymerization of carrageenan using ascorbic acid. Field experiments were conducted by foliar spray four times per year at various OC concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm) for three years (2017-2019). The results showed that OC promoted growth of coffee plant in all tested concentrations, and an optimized concentration was found at 150 ppm which showed a significant increase compared to the control plant in total chlorophyll (24.79%), carotenoid (31.65%), uptakes of N (15.66%), P (15.81%), and K (22.25%) minerals in leaves, crop yield (19.80%) and bean size (13.10%). Therefore, OC is potentially promising to apply as a promoter to enhance yield of crops for sustainable coffee plantation.

Evolving appropriate zinc fertilization strategy for rice-rice (Oryza sativa) cropping system in Cauvery Delta Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
C Sharmila Rahale
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Zinc Fertilization ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Cauvery Delta

Six field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai to evolve suitable zinc fertilization method for rice - rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system in Cauvery delta zone. The treatment includes: T1 : Control, T2 : 100 g zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)/cent in nursery alone., T3 : root dipping alone in 2 % zinc oxide (ZnO) solution, T4 : 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, T5 : 37.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, T6 : 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1+ Farm Yard Manure (FYM) 12.5 t ha-1, T7 : 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + Green Leaf Manure (GLM) 6.5 t ha-1, T8 : Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Micro Nutrient (TNAU MN) mixture 25 kg ha-1 as Enriched Farm Yard Manure (EFYM), T9 : TNAU MN mixture 37.5 kg ha-1 as EFYM, T10 : Foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 + 1 % urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage, T11 : 100g ZnSO4 /cent in nursery alone + Foliar spray of 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 1 % urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (T2+ T10), T12 : root dipping alone in 2 % ZnO solution + Foliar spray of 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 1 % urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (T3 + T10), T13: 100 g ZnSO4 /cent in nursery alone + root dipping alone in 2 % ZnO solution + Foliar spray of 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 1 % urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (T2 + T3 + T10). The treatments T5, T6, T7 and T9 were skipped in rabi season to know the residual effect of these treatments in the subsequent season. Among the treatment combinations, application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + FYM 12.5 t ha-1 recorded higher grain yield in both kharif (6232 kg ha-1) and rabi (6236 kg ha-1) seasons. The same treatment combination recorded higher Zn content and Zn uptake as well. Regarding soil nutrient content, the same treatment recorded higher N, P and K content. This treatment was followed by application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + green leaf manure 6.5 t ha-1. The experimental findings suggested that combination of organic and inorganic sources not only increased the yield but also improves soil health in Cauvery delta zone.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Fortification for Rice Grain Yield and Nutrients Uptake Enhancement

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Omnia M. Elshayb ◽  
Khaled Y. Farroh ◽  
Heba E. Amin ◽  
Ayman M. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the agriculture sector are being extensively included as the materials are considered superior. In the present work, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), with a developing fertilizer, is applied in the fortification of rice grain yield and nutrient uptake enhancement. To evaluate the role of ZnO NP, two field experiments were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. ZnO NPs were small, nearly spherical, and their sizes equal to 31.4 nm, as proved via the dynamic light scattering technique. ZnO NPs were applied as a fertilizer in different concentrations, varying between 20 and 60 mg/L as a foliar spray. The mixture of ZnSO4 and ZnO NP40 ameliorated yield component and nutrients (N, K, and Zn) uptake was enhanced compared to traditional ZnSO4 treatment. Nevertheless, the uptake of the phosphorous element (P) was adversely affected by the treatment of ZnO NPs. Thus, treatment via utilizing ZnO NPs as a foliar with a very small amount (40 ppm) with of basal ZnSO4 led to a good improvement in agronomic and physiological features; eventually, higher yield and nutrient-enriched rice grain were obtained.

scholarly journals Effect of Intercropping System on the Quality and Quantity of Runner Bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Brândușa HAMBURDĂ ◽  
Neculai MUNTEANU ◽  
Vasile STOLERU ◽  
Gabriel Ciprian TELIBAN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Bean Crop

Field experiments were conducted two consecutive years, in order to investigate runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) cultivated in pure crop system and in intercropping system. To achieve the desired aim, we set the following objectives: study of runner bean plant phenology, study of assimilating pigments content in the runner bean leaves, agro productivity study of runner bean crop, yield of runner bean crop, study of chemical composition of runner bean dry seeds. The studied experimental factor was the trellis system with six variants: (V1) - trellis, with double rows, on individual string, (V2) - trellis, with a single row, on individual string, (V3) - trellis, in a single row, on synthetic net (17 cm mesh), (V4) - intercropping with common maize plants, (V5) - intercropping with sunflower plants, (V6) - intercropping with Jerusalem artichoke plants. Runner bean yield ranged from 3,610 kg ha-1 (V2) to 1,684 kg ha-1 (V6) (first year) and from 3,170 kg ha-1 (V2) to 1,189 kg ha-1 (V6) (second year). Runner bean dry seeds contain: crude protein 22.65% (V6) - 25.47% (V3), crude fat 1.91% (V6) - 2.16% (V4), crude fibre 5.41% (V4) - 5.81% (V5) and nitrogen free extractive substances 62.11% (V3) - 64.92% (V4). The best variant of trellis for runner bean crop was the single row trellis system on individual string and the best intercropping system was intercropping with sunflower.

scholarly journals Molybdenum mixed with glyphosate and alone via foliar spray in no-tillage common bean grown on corn stover

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Gessimar Nunes Camelo ◽  
Geraldo Antonio de Andrade Araújo ◽  
Renildes Lucio Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Luiz Antonio dos Santos Dias ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mo Content

The effect of molybdenum (Mo) on common bean grown in desiccated corn stover in a no-tillage system was evaluated under two application modes: Mo mixed with the desiccant glyphosate and Mo direct spray to the bean leaves. The treatments (four replicates) were assigned to a completely randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with the application of Mo (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 g ha-1) mixed with glyphosate in the main plots and Mo foliar spray (0 and 100 g ha-1) in the sub-plots. The field experiments were carried out in 2009 and 2010 in the municipality of Coimbra, Minas Gerais State, with the common bean cultivar Ouro Vermelho. Mo mixed with glyphosate had neither an effect on common bean yield nor on the Mo and N contents in leaves, however it increased the Mo and N contents in seeds. Application of Mo via foliar spray increased Mo content in leaves and Mo and N contents in seeds. The reapplication of molybdenum with glyphosate for desiccation in subsequent crops caused a cumulative effect of Mo content in bean seeds.

scholarly journals The in Planta Effective Concentration of Oxytetracycline Against ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ for Suppression of Citrus Huanglongbing

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2046-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyun Li ◽  
Zhiqian Pang ◽  
Shuo Duan ◽  
Donghwan Lee ◽  
Vladimir G. Kolbasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Residue Levels

Huanglongbing (HLB) or greening currently is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. The fastidious phloem-colonizing bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is the causal agent of citrus HLB in Florida. Bactericides containing the active ingredient oxytetracycline (OTC) have been used in foliar spray to control citrus HLB in Florida since 2016. However, the minimum concentration of OTC required to suppress CLas in planta remains unknown. We developed a new method for evaluating the effects of OTC treatment on CLas titers in infected plants and determined the relationship between OTC residue levels and control levels achieved for CLas using mathematical modeling in greenhouse and field experiments. In both greenhouse and field, OTC spray did not reduce the titers of CLas, and it produced undetectable or mild levels of OTC residue in leaves within 7 days post-application (DPA). In greenhouse, OTC injection at 0.05 g per tree decreased CLas titers to an undetectable level (cycle threshold value ≥ 36.0) from 7 to 30 DPA and produced a residue level of OTC at 0.68 to 0.73 µg/g of fresh tissue over this period. In the field, OTC injection at 0.50 g per tree resulted in the decline of CLas titers by 1.52 log reduction from 14 to 60 DPA, with residue levels of OTC at 0.27 to 0.33 µg/g of fresh tissue. In both trials, a first-order compart model of OTC residue dynamics in leaves of trunk-injected trees was specified for estimating the retention of effective concentrations. Furthermore, nonlinear modeling revealed significant positive correlations between OTC residue levels in leaves and the control levels for CLas achieved. The results suggested that the minimum concentrations of OTC required to suppress CLas populations in planta to below the detection limit are 0.68 and 0.86 µg/g and that the minimum concentrations of OTC required for initial inhibition of CLas growth in planta are ∼0.17 and ∼0.215 µg/g in leaf tissues under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. This finding highlights that a minimum concentration of OTC should be guaranteed to be delivered to target CLas in infected plants for effective control of citrus HLB.

Root and Foliar Absorption of Atrazine Applied Postemergence to Broadleaf Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Root Absorption

Results from both growth chamber and field experiments indicate that root absorption of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) applied postemergence to small broadleaf weeds is not a requisite for their control. Though broadleaf weeds absorb toxic quantities of atrazine from wet soil, they can be killed by foliar absorption alone because all of their meristems are exposed to a foliar spray. They are particularly sensitive when foliar penetration is enhanced by high relative humidity and wet foliage.

Research on the Technologyof Anti-Erosion and Vegetation Promotion for Pisha Sandstone Region in the Middle Yellow River Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqing Xiao ◽  
wenyi yao ◽  
pan zhang ◽  
chunxia yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Vegetation Growth

<p>Pisha sandstone region is the most vulnerable and the most dramatic area of soil erosion, and it is also the concentrated area of the coarse sediment entering into the Yellow River. It is of great significance to research the anti-erosion and vegetation promotion technology in the Pisha sandstone region. Based on the new concept of anti-erosion and vegetation promotion, surface composition, chemical properties and particle structure of the Pisha sandstone particles were analyzed, and the lithologic mechanism of the easy-corrosion of the Pisha sandstone was revealed. High-tech materials suitable for anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting of Pisha sandstonewas developed. A Pisha sandstone dam using modified silt has been built. The field experiments were monitoredfor the effects of the anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting technology on controlling soil erosion. The results showed that: (1) The grain structureand pore cementation of Pisha sandstone leading to the high affinity of the Pisha sandstone and water; The high content of montmorillonite, calcite and feldspar and the development of pore micro-structure in the Pisha sandstone are the main reasons for the poor soil erosion resistance of the Pisha sandstone. (2) Anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting materials(W-OH) based on hydrophilic polyurethane resin combined with anti-UV stabilizer, aquasorb and vegetation growth promoter can encapsulate the Pisha sandstone particles and composethe composite with Pisha sandstone for erosion resistance and vegetation promotion, degradationcontrol freeze-thaw resistance, hydrolysis resistance and environmental friendliness. (3) The simulation analysis of materials and technology for the dam construction was carried out by using mechanics and chemical experiments. The dam design scheme and key procedures were further verified based on the field experiment, and the dam construction using modified materials of pisha sandstone was developed. The silt damusing modified Pisha sandstone was built in the Erlaohugou watershed. The dam height is 10.03 m, the controlled watershed area is 0.31 km<sup>2</sup>, and the total storage capacity is 32,600 m<sup>3</sup>. (4) According to the grading of different slopes of the Pisha sandstone and the diversity of its composition, the allocation model of the anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting treatment measures for the Pisha sandstone was proposed. In the top of the slope area, three-dimensional ecological measures such as grass, shrub and arbor mixed with intercepting ditch and other engineering measures were arranged. The technology of spraying anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting materials of low-concentration and planting vegetation measures was used on gentle slopes; the measures of spraying anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting materials of high-concentration combined with vegetation growth was adopted in steep slopes,and the consolidation material is sprayed to prevent weathering and gravity erosion of the Pisha sandstone. (5) The analysis of field plot data showed that the Anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting composite materials and the measures had obvious effects of controlling slope runoff, reducing soil erosion and vegetation restorationcompared with the bare soil plot, the runoff was reduced by more than 70%, the sediment yield was reduced by more than 90%, and the vegetation coverage was reached over 95%.</p><p> </p>

Effect of Insecticide Treatments and Environmental Factors on Thrips Populations, Plant Growth and Yield of Cotton

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Faircloth ◽  
J. R. Bradley ◽  
J. W. Van Duyn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Fruiting Branch ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall

Field experiments were conducted in 1997–1999 in Washington Co., NC, to examine how cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, is affected by thrips species composition and abundance, environmental factors, and insecticide applications. Populations of adult and juvenile thrips were monitored in seedling cotton treated with insecticide applications of either imidacloprid as a seed treatment, acephate as a foliar spray, or aldicarb applied in-furrow. The number of plants per 3.05 row-m, location of the first fruiting branch, number of open bolls per 1.52 row-m, yields, accumulated degree-d 60′s (DD60′s), and accumulated rainfall were recorded each year the studies were conducted. Aldicarb and acephate provided better thrips control than did imidacloprid in all 3 yrs. Thrips species ratios differed among years. In 1997, the aldicarb treatment resulted in a better “earliness profile” (lower fruit set and more early opening bolls) than either acephate or imidacloprid, while in 1998 and 1999 there were few differences in these plant parameters. In 1997, all insecticide treatments resulted in statistically higher yields compared with the untreated check. Accumulated DD60′s were consistently higher in 1998 and 1999 than in 1997 after the first thrips sampling date. Cumulative rainfall appeared to be inversely associated with juvenile thrips populations.

Effect of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer at pre flowering stage on yield of pulses

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Das ◽  
K. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Field experiments were conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal during <italic>pre kharif, kharif and rabi</italic> seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the effect of water soluble fertilizer spray on growth and yield of greengram, blackgram, lathyrus, lentil and chickpea. Pulses are mostly grown by the farmers without any fertilizer application, as positive effect of supplying legume plants with supplementary nitrogen was found to have beneficial effect on enhancing growth and increasing seed yield. Five sets of experiments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications <italic>viz.</italic> two levels of basal fertilizer application (F<sub>0</sub> -No basal dose of fertilizer, F<sub>1</sub> -Basal dose of fertilizer application @ 20, 40, 40 kg N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O ha<sup>−1</sup>.) as factor A in main plot and seven levels of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizers at pre flowering stage (no spray, 0.5% NPK(19-19-19), 1% NPK(19-19-19), 2% NPK(19-19-19), 3% NPK(19-19-19), 2% DAP, 2% Urea) as factor B in sub plot. Significantly higher seed yield of pulses were recorded with application of 2% urea spray over basal dose of fertilizer application The lowest seed yield was recorded with no basal fertilizer and spray. Without basal dose of fertilizer application, 3% NPK (19-19-19) spray recorded highest seed yield. Under basal dose of fertilizer application, the results showed a gradual increase in yield with the increase in concentration of NPK (19-19-19) fertilizer spray up to 2%, Among the fertilizer spray treatments irrespective of basal dose of fertilizer application, urea spray was significantly better than all other treatments.

Halosulfuron tankmixes applied preplant incorporated for weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Li ◽  
Rene Van Acker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

Six field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2013 and 2014) to evaluate the tolerance of white bean and spectrum of weeds controlled with halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI) alone or tankmixed with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor. Halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor caused 2% or less visible injury 1 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE). Halosulfuron applied PPI controlled common lamb's-quarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and common ragweed greater than 90% and green foxtail less than 60% 4 and 8 WAE. Weed biomass and density followed a similar pattern. White bean yield with halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with the same herbicides was equivalent to the weed-free control.

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