The Significance of Phytochemicals on Periodontal Health

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder of tooth-supporting tissues that affects almost 90% of the population worldwide. The treatment of periodontal disease involved mechanical therapy, surgery, and administration of antibiotics. The high cost of the treatment and bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics regime has led to the search for the alternative treatment to overcome the disease at less cost and side effects. Natural products had been proven to be an important source in developing modern medicine to promote general health. Herbal plant extracts had been widely used in oral health particularly to prevent bacterial plaque adherence and dental caries. In periodontal disease, several studies and reviews have documented that herbal plant extracts had the potential to prevent and treat periodontitis through their active ingredients associated with antimicrobials, antiinflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. The sources to obtain the herbs are readily available and economical to produce in the market. Some of the herbs had been marketed for public uses in the form of toothpaste and mouth rinses. This review is an attempt to outline the importance of herbal medicine to provide potential effective and economical medicaments for periodontal disease and its significance for further clinical research in the future.

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Utilization of Swertia chirayita Plant Extracts for Management of Diabetes and Associated Disorders: Present Status, Future Prospects and Limitations

Natural Products and Bioprospecting ◽

10.1007/s13659-020-00277-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 431-443

Author(s):

Pinaki Dey ◽

Joginder Singh ◽

Jagadish Kumar Suluvoy ◽

Kevin Joseph Dilip ◽

Jayato Nayak

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Conventional Medicine ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Future Application ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Swertia Chirayita ◽

Herbal Plant

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is referred as common metabolic abnormalities characterized as hyperglycemia, mainly caused due to insufficient production of insulin at cellular level or/and defects in insulin action. Such an endocrine disorder is responsible for serious health problems and its worldwide prevalence is rapidly increasing. Common management of diabetes by oral administration of drugs without creating any side effects is still considered a challenging task and increasing cost of conventional medicine in developing countries is another matter of concern. To address these issues, traditional preparations of herbal plant extracts in the form of medicines already gained immense attention. Swertia chirayita is one among such plants which is known for its hypoglycemic potential. Numerous chemical constituents with promising pharmacological properties have been identified from such plant extracts but still, such compounds have not been well characterized, specifically against human application. Hence, more research efforts are necessitated to understand exact mechanism of such compounds and to develop overall safety of such plant formulations. Present review clearly represents antidiabetic properties of Swertia chirayita extract, strategies to be taken to strengthen its safety application on humans and biotechnological interventions that ensure conservation of such endangered species to promote its future application in modern medicine. Graphic Abstract

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Microarray Technology for the Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Present in Hospital and Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant S.aureus Strains

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.11.5925 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (11) ◽

pp. 2546-2550

Author(s):

Monica Licker ◽

Andrei Anghel ◽

Roxana Moldovan ◽

Elena Hogea ◽

Delia Muntean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Dna Microarray ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Microarray Technology ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Mrsa Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a real burden for the modern medicine. One of the most frecvently isolated hospital acquired (HA) pathogens wordlwide, is Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Recently not only HA, but also community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections have been reported. A prospective study was performed between February 2009 and October 2010, with the aim to investigate bacterial resistance of CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. DNA microarray technology has been used for the detection of 4 AMR genes for the studied MRSA strains. A number of 218 HA- S.aureus strains have been isolated, from which 89 (40. 82%) were MRSA. In the community, 1.553 S.aureus strains were isolated, out of which, 356 (22. 92%) were MRSA. From these, a number of 17 HA and 12 CA �MRSA strains have been analyzed by DNA microarray technology. From 100% phenotypically described HA- MRSA, we identified mecA gene in 10 strains (58. 83%). Other 6 strains (35. 29%) have been erm(A) positive and 4 (23. 53%) - tet(O) positive. 83. 33% (10 strains) from the CA strains had mecA gene, only one (8. 33%) was erm(A) positive and 4 (33. 33%) were erm(C) positive. DNA microarray is a method allowing the concomitant scan of multiple genes and can be done within a few hours. That type of rapid and reliable methods for antimicrobial sensitivity tests are important to start an appropriate therapy.

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Periodontal disease characterization in dogs with normal renal function or chronic renal failure

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782004000100017 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Glenda Ramalho Barbudo-Selmi ◽

Marileda Bonafim Carvalho ◽

André Luis Selmi ◽

Silvio Emílio Cuevas Martins

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Normal Renal Function ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Bacterial Plaque

The purpose of this study was to evaluate periodontal disease (PD) in dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF) and to compare it to PD in dogs with normal renal function (NRF). Twelve dogs with CRF and 24 dogs with NRF, all presenting dental pocket formation, were compared. In all dogs, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine specific gravity and total red and white blood cells were determined. A complete oral examination was also performed including evaluation of bacterial plaque, gingivitis, gingival recession, pocket, calculus, dental mobility, dental loss, and ulcers. These data were used to calculate plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and periodontal destruction index (PDI). PD was graded as mild, moderate or severe based on the results. Mild, moderate or severe PD was observed in dogs with NRF, whereas dogs with CRF presented either mild or severe PD. Dogs with NRF showed higher involvement of the maxillary teeth, whereas dogs with CRF showed a higher involvement of the mandibular teeth. Plaque index was significantly higher in dogs with NRF. It was concluded that lesion distribution and periodontal disease progression may be altered in dogs with CRF, and gingival inflammatory response differs in dogs with NRF and CRF regarding to the stage of periodontal disease.

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Improved cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties of zinc-substituted brushite bone cement based on β-tricalcium phosphate

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10856-021-06575-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Inna V. Fadeeva ◽

Margarita A. Goldberg ◽

Ilya I. Preobrazhensky ◽

Georgy V. Mamin ◽

Galina A. Davidova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Physiological Solution ◽

Final Phase ◽

Bone Replacement ◽

Challenging Tasks ◽

Murine Fibroblast

AbstractFor bone replacement materials, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties are desired. The bacterial resistance and the need for new antibacterial strategies stand among the most challenging tasks of the modern medicine. In this work, brushite cements based on powders of Zinc (Zn) (1.4 wt%) substituted tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and non-substituted β-TCP were prepared and investigated. Their initial and final phase composition, time of setting, morphology, pH evolution, and compressive strength are reported. After soaking for 60 days in physiological solution, the cements transformed into a mixture of brushite and hydroxyapatite. Antibacterial activity of the cements against Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains was attested. The absence of cytotoxicity of cements was proved for murine fibroblast NCTC L929 cells. Moreover, the cell viability on the β-TCP cement containing Zn2+ ions was 10% higher compared to the β-TCP cement without zinc. The developed cements are perspective for applications in orthopedics and traumatology.

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The Healthy Eating Plate and periodontal health knowledge in undergraduate students of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol30no1.16232 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Janti Rusjanti ◽

Salma Kamila Solihati ◽

Cucu Zubaedah

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Food Variety ◽

Bacterial Plaque

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease that attacks periodontal tissue caused by bacterial plaque and calculus, and also nutritional deficiency. Applying a healthy dietary habit will be able to prevent the occurrence of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to discovered description of the Healthy Eating Plate habit and periodontal health knowledge in undergraduate students of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran. Method: This research was quantitative with two questionnaire instruments; the first contained the food variety and the proportion consumed by respondents, and the second contained questions regarding the periodontal health. The samples were as much as 137 undergraduate students of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran batch 2015, taken with an accidental random sampling technique. Results: The nutritional proportion of all respondents were as follows: at breakfast, 27.5% of carbohydrate, 25.1% of protein, 24.3% of vegetables, and 23.4% of fruits; at lunch, 29.1% of protein, 27.1% of carbohydrates, 19.8% of vegetables, and 24.4% of fruits; at dinner, 27% of protein, 23% of carbohydrate, 20.9% of vegetables, and 20.1% of fruits. The level of periodontal knowledge was 68.94%. Conclusion: The respondent's dietary habit was close enough to the indicators of the Healthy Eating Plate, with a moderate level of periodontal health knowledge.

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In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Selected Palestinian Medicinal Plants against Chlamydia trachomatis

Microbiology Research ◽

10.3390/microbiolres12030047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 656-662

Author(s):

Omar Hamarsheh ◽

Ahmad Amro ◽

Munir A. Al-Zeer

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

World Health ◽

Chlamydia Infection ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Cell Defense ◽

Wide Range ◽

Alternative Drug

Chlamydia spp. are intracellular pathogens of humans and animals that cause a wide range of diseases such as blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are more than 127 million new infections each year worldwide. Chlamydial urogenital infections can cause cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. From within an intracellular niche, termed an inclusion, the Chlamydiae complete their life cycle shielded from host defenses. The host cell defense response used to eliminate the pathogen must subvert this protective shield and is thought to involve the gamma interferon-inducible family of immunity related GTPase proteins and nitric oxide. Typically, azithromycin and doxycycline are the first line drugs for the treatment of chlamydial infections. Although C. trachomatis is sensitive to these antibiotics in vitro, currently, there is increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics including multidrug-resistant C. trachomatis, which have been described in many instances. Therefore, alternative drug candidates against Chlamydia should be assessed in vitro. In this study, we tested and quantified the activity of plant extracts against Chlamydia-infected HeLa cells with C. trachomatis inclusions. The in vitro results show that post-treatment with Artemisia inculta Delile extract significantly inhibits Chlamydia infection compared to DMSO-treated samples. In conclusion, plant extracts may contain active ingredients with antichlamydial activity potential and can be used as alternative drug candidates for treatment of Chlamydia infection which has significant socio-economic and medical impact.

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The Role of Toothbrushing in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Disease: Personal Experience of Both Clinical and Experimental Observation for More than Thirty Years

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374880020020201 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Ishikawa

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Food Habit ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Systemic Factors ◽

Bacterial Plaque

There have been dramatic developments in the theory and therapy of periodontal disease in the last few decades. This paper focuses on the role of toothbrushing in the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease, based on the author's personal experience gained from both clinical and experimental observations for more than 30 years. Even in the recent past, periodontal disease was considered to be untreatable because of various misconceptions regarding its etiology. Attention was concentrated mainly on systemic factors. As a result, periodontallyinvolved teeth were extracted mostly due to lack of technical know-how. The author devoted his primary investigative efforts to systemic factors and found that those were only minimally significant. Later, after using wild and captive monkeys to make extensive experimental studies on local factors, he was convinced that food habit (hard, fibrous, or soft) contributes directly to the etiology of periodontal disease which is restricted in the oral environment itself. Today it is well-established that accumulation of bacterial plaque on the tooth surface is the most important single factor responsible for periodontal disease, and systemic influence can merely modify the condition. Therefore, the accumulated plaque should be mechanically removed by toothbrushing. The essence of mechanical toothbrushing is not only to remove the plaque but also to compensate for the mechanical stimulation of the gingiva (gingival massage), which is lacking with modern soft food. This lecture reviews the effect of methodical toothbrushing obtained from both clinical and experimental studies in animals.

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Evaluation and Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Herbal Extracts in Combination with Antibiotics on Periodontal pathobionts: An in vitro Microbiological Study

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics8030089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shahabe Abullais Saquib ◽

Nabeeh Abdullah AlQahtani ◽

Irfan Ahmad ◽

Mohammed Abdul Kader ◽

Sami Saeed Al Shahrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Inhibition Zones

Background: In the past few decades focus of research has been toward herbal medicines because of growing bacterial resistance and side effects of antimicrobial agents. The extract derived from the plants may increase the efficacy of antibiotics when used in combination against pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, the synergistic antibacterial efficacy of plant extracts in combination with antibiotics has been assessed on selected periodontal pathogens. Methods: Ethanolic extracts were prepared from Salvadora persica (Miswak) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon), by the soxhalate method. Plaque samples were collected from clinical periodontitis patients to isolate and grow the periodontal pathobionts under favorable conditions. Susceptibility of bacteria to the extracts was assessed by gauging the diameter of the inhibition zones. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts were determined against each bacterium. Synergistic activity of plants extract in combination with antibiotics against the bacteria was also assessed by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. Results: Ethanolic extract of both the plants showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and growth of all four strains of periodontal pathobionts. Maximum antibacterial activity was exhibited by C. zeylanicum against Tannerella forsythia (MIC = 1.56 ± 0.24 mg/mL, MBC = 6.25 ± 0.68 mg/mL), whereas among all the studied groups the minimum activity was reported by C. zeylanicum against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans the (MIC = 12.5 ± 3.25 mg/mL, MBC = 75 ± 8.23 mg/mL). Combination of herbal extracts with different antibiotics revealed a synergistic antibacterial effect. The best synergism was exhibited by S. persica with metronidazole against A. actinomycetemcomitans (27 ± 1.78). Conclusions: Current in vitro study showed variable antibacterial activity by experimented herbal extracts against periodontal pathobionts. The synergistic test showed significant antibacterial activity when plant extracts were combined with antibiotics.

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