scholarly journals Stimulus Specific Response on Mechanical Properties of Isolated Visceral Muscle Tissues of a Reptile, Uromastix hardwickii

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arifa Savanur ◽  
Tallat Naz ◽  
Tayyaba Hamid ◽  
Syed Abid Ali ◽  
Mian Jahangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Visceral Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues

scholarly journals Evolution of Meniscal Biomechanical Properties with Growth: An Experimental and Numerical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Marco Ferroni ◽  
Beatrice Belgio ◽  
Giuseppe M. Peretti ◽  
Alessia Di Giancamillo ◽  
Federica Boschetti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

The menisci of the knee are complex fibro-cartilaginous tissues that play important roles in load bearing, shock absorption, joint lubrication, and stabilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between the different meniscal tissue components (i.e., the solid matrix constituents and the fluid phase) and the mechanical response according to the developmental stage of the tissue. Menisci derived from partially and fully developed pigs were analyzed. We carried out biochemical analyses to quantify glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA content according to the developmental stage. These values were related to tissue mechanical properties that were measured in vitro by performing compression and tension tests on meniscal specimens. Both compression and tension protocols consisted of multi-ramp stress–relaxation tests comprised of increasing strains followed by stress–relaxation to equilibrium. To better understand the mechanical response to different directions of mechanical stimulus and to relate it to the tissue structural composition and development, we performed numerical simulations that implemented different constitutive models (poro-elasticity, viscoelasticity, transversal isotropy, or combinations of the above) using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. The numerical models also allowed us to determine several mechanical parameters that cannot be directly measured by experimental tests. The results of our investigation showed that the meniscus is a non-linear, anisotropic, non-homogeneous material: mechanical parameters increase with strain, depend on the direction of load, and vary among regions (anterior, central, and posterior). Preliminary numerical results showed the predominant role of the different tissue components depending on the mechanical stimulus. The outcomes of biochemical analyses related to mechanical properties confirmed the findings of the numerical models, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. During maturation, the increase in compressive moduli could be explained by cell differentiation from fibroblasts to metabolically active chondrocytes, as indicated by the found increase in GAG/DNA ratio. The changes of tensile mechanical response during development could be related to collagen II accumulation during growth. This study provides new information on the changes of tissue structural components during maturation and the relationship between tissue composition and mechanical response.

Gestational changes in mechanical properties of skinned muscle tissues of human myometrium

1990 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Izumi ◽  
Jirou Ichihara ◽  
Yoshio Uchiumi ◽  
Koichi Shirakawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Human Myometrium ◽  
Skinned Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues

Isolation, cloning, and tissue expression of a putative octopamine/tyramine receptor from locust visceral muscle tissues

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goudarz Molaei ◽  
Jean-Paul Paluzzi ◽  
William G. Bendena ◽  
Angela B. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Visceral Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues

Phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations in relation to temperature and hibernation

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. South
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
And Control

Electrical and mechanical properties, as correlates of incubation temperature, of phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations obtained from hibernating and control hamsters and from rats were examined. Six incubation temperatures, ranging from 5° to 38°C, were used. Nerves of rats evidenced much steeper temperature functions than did either hamster group, with respect to irritability, spike voltage and conduction velocity such that they were inexcitable at 5°C. The hibernating and control hamster groups behaved quite similarly to each other in these respects. Neuromuscular blockade occurred at 10°C in the rat preparations and at 5°C of the control hamster preparations but in no case did it occur among those of hibernating animals. Similar or analogous differences were apparent in diaphragm muscle tissues insofar as irritability, tension production and rates of contraction and relaxation are concerned. These observations were taken to demonstrate the existence of phylogenetic adaptations correlated with the ability of hamsters to hibernate as well as the probable necessity for a prehibernal acclimatization of such mechanisms as neuromuscular transmission on the part of these animals.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

Effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties of dual phase treated vanadium steels

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
H.C. Cheng ◽  
J.R. Gong ◽  
J.G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Potential Weight

For fuel savings as well as energy and resource requirement, high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) are of particular interest to automobile industry because of the potential weight reduction which can be achieved by using thinner section of these steels to carry the same load and thus to improve the fuel mileage. Dual phase treatment has been utilized to obtain superior strength and ductility combinations compared to the HSLA of identical composition. Recently, cooling rate following heat treatment was found to be important to the tensile properties of the dual phase steels. In this paper, we report the results of the investigation of cooling rate on the microstructures and mechanical properties of several vanadium HSLA steels.The steels with composition (in weight percent) listed below were supplied by China Steel Corporation: 1. low V steel (0.11C, 0.65Si, 1.63Mn, 0.015P, 0.008S, 0.084Aℓ, 0.004V), 2. 0.059V steel (0.13C, 0.62S1, 1.59Mn, 0.012P, 0.008S, 0.065Aℓ, 0.059V), 3. 0.10V steel (0.11C, 0.58Si, 1.58Mn, 0.017P, 0.008S, 0.068Aℓ, 0.10V).

Lattice Imaging of Grain Boundaries in Ceramics

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
D. R. Clarke ◽  
G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Refractory Ceramics

Grain boundaries have long held a special significance to ceramicists. In part, this has been because it has been impossible until now to actually observe the boundaries themselves. Just as important, however, is the fact that the grain boundaries and their environs have a determing influence on both the mechanisms by which powder compaction occurs during fabrication, and on the overall mechanical properties of the material. One area where the grain boundary plays a particularly important role is in the high temperature strength of hot-pressed ceramics. This is a subject of current interest as extensive efforts are being made to develop ceramics, such as silicon nitride alloys, for high temperature structural applications. In this presentation we describe how the techniques of lattice fringe imaging have made it possible to study the grain boundaries in a number of refractory ceramics, and illustrate some of the findings.

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