Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB): Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection with Specie-specific Primers in Sputum Samples in Pakistan

ABSTRACT Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in M. kansasii. Instillation of M. kansasii into the tonsillar crypts of calves elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro gamma interferon and nitrite concentration responses of leukocytes to M. avium and M. bovis purified protein derivatives (PPDs). While the responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to M. avium and M. bovis PPDs were approximately equivalent, the responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to M. bovis PPD exceeded their respective responses to M. avium PPD. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to recombinant ESAT-6-CFP-10 (rESAT-6-CFP-10) exceeded corresponding responses of noninoculated calves as early as 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively, and persisted throughout the study. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to rESAT-6-CFP-10 exceeded the corresponding responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves beginning 30 days after inoculation. By using a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum antibodies were detected as early as 50 days after challenge with M. kansasii. By a multiantigen print immunoassay and immunoblotting, serum antibodies to MPB83, but not ESAT-6 or CFP-10, were detected in M. kansasii-inoculated calves; however, responses to MPB83 were notably weaker than those elicited by M. bovis infection. These findings indicate that M. kansasii infection of calves elicits specific responses that may confound the interpretation of bovine tuberculosis tests.

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Use of ethanol extract of Mycobacterium bovis for detection of specific antibodies in sera of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) with bovine tuberculosis

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/1746-6148-9-256 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 256 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ashutosh Wadhwa ◽

Rachel E Johnson ◽

Colin G Mackintosh ◽

J Frank T Griffin ◽

W Waters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Red Deer ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Specific Antibodies

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Vaccination of Holstein heifers with Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain induces protection against bovine tuberculosis and higher milk production yields in a natural transmission setting

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.14108 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patricio Retamal ◽

Pedro Ábalos ◽

Raúl Alegría ◽

Nicolás Valdivieso ◽

Martin Vordermeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg ◽

Transmission Setting

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Bovine Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) Outbreak Duration in Cattle Herds in Ireland: A Retrospective Observational Study

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9100815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 815

Author(s):

Andrew W. Byrne ◽

Damien Barrett ◽

Philip Breslin ◽

Jamie M. Madden ◽

James O'Keeffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Observational Study ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Animal Health ◽

Herd Size ◽

Policy Formation ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Management Policy ◽

Retrospective Observational Study

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) outbreaks, caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection, are a costly animal health challenge. Understanding factors associated with the duration of outbreaks, known as breakdowns, could lead to better disease management policy development. We undertook a retrospective observational study (2012–2018) and employed Finite Mixture Models (FMM) to model the outcome parameter, and to investigate how factors were associated with duration for differing subpopulations identified. In addition to traditional risk factors (e.g., herd size, bTB history), we also explored farm geographic area, parcels/farm fragmentation, metrics of intensity via nitrogen loading, and whether herds were designated controlled beef finishing units (CBFU) as potential risk factors for increased duration. The final model fitted log-normal distributions, with two latent classes (k) which partitioned the population into a subpopulation around the central tendency of the distribution, and a second around the tails of the distribution. The latter subpopulation included longer breakdowns of policy interest. Increasing duration was positively associated with recent (<3 years) TB history and the number of reactors disclosed, (log) herd size, beef herd-type relative to other herd types, number of land parcels, area, being designated a CBFU (“feedlot”) and having high annual inward cattle movements within the “tails” subpopulation. Breakdown length was negatively associated with the year of commencement of breakdown (i.e., a decreasing trend) and non-significantly with the organic nitrogen produced on the farm (N kg/hectare), a measure of stocking density. The latter finding may be due to confounding effects with herd size and area. Most variables contributed only moderately to explaining variation in breakdown duration, that is, they had moderate size effects on duration. Herd-size and CBFU had greater effect sizes on the outcome. The findings contribute to evidence-based policy formation in Ireland.

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Improvement of bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

Veterinary Science Today ◽

10.29326/2304-196x-2020-4-35-261-265 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 261-265

Author(s):

M. O. Baratov

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Intradermal Test ◽

Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Post Mortem Examination ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Specific Reactions

Detection of animals with non-specific reactions to tuberculin is one of the major problems in bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. There is a need to find and improve methods for detection of the sensitization causes. This paper presents the results of comparative studies of different ways to stabilize red blood cells in order to obtain diagnosticums for indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. The article describes the stages of red blood cells stabilization and sensitization and demonstrates the diagnostic significance of Fili stabilization method using formaldehyde as a fixative. The highest antibody titers (1:3000 and 1:4000) were received in hyperimmune sera of rabbits immunized with Mycobacterium bovis using a homologous diagnosticum. Practical importance of the sensitins homologous to the infection is shown during testing of 1,911 serum samples collected from animals of different categories (diseased; healthy and reacting to tuberculin; healthy and not reacting to tuberculin) with IHA test using diagnosticums produced from Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Based on the positive results of the IHA test, TB was diagnosed in 87.5% of animals originating from an infected farm during post-mortem examination. The results of the IHA test agreed with those of the intradermal tuberculin test in 37.7% of cases. Diagnostic antibody titers were found in 206 TB infected animals with no reaction to the intradermal test. However, the post-mortem examination revealed TB changes in internal organs. The obtained data suggest a possibility to use the IHA test to detect TB infected animals with non-specific reactions to tuberculin.

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Genomic analysis of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a man-made multi-host species system: a call for action on wildlife in Brazil

10.22541/au.161958001.11990195/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daiane A. R. Lima ◽

Cristina K. Zimpel ◽

José Salvatore Patané ◽

Taiana T. Silva-Pereira ◽

Rodrigo N. Etges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Whole Genome ◽

System A ◽

Recent Transmission ◽

And Control ◽

Tuberculin Tests

We report on a 15-year-long outbreak of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife from a Brazilian safari park. A timeline of diagnostic events and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 21 Mycobacterium bovis isolates from deer and llamas were analyzed. Accordingly, from 2003 to 2018, at least 16 animals, from 8 species, died due to TB, which is likely an underestimated number. In three occasions since 2013, the deer presented positive tuberculin tests, leading to the park closure and culling of all deer. WGS indicated that multiple M. bovis strains were circulating, with at least three founding introductions since the park inauguration in 1977. Recent transmission events between nearby farms and the park were not found based on WGS. Lastly, by discussing socio-economic and environmental factors escaping current regulatory gaps that were determinant of this outbreak, we pledge for the development of a plan to report and control bTB in wildlife in Brazil.

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The C3HeB/FeJ mouse model recapitulates the hallmark of bovine tuberculosis lung lesions following Mycobacterium bovis aerogenous infection

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-017-0477-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mélodie Bouté ◽

Florence Carreras ◽

Christelle Rossignol ◽

Emilie Doz ◽

Nathalie Winter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Lung Lesions

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Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5730-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 406-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. I B Cadmus ◽

N. N Atsanda ◽

S. O Oni ◽

E. E U Akang

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Human Population ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Cattle Herd ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Cultural Isolation ◽

Male Animal

Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N’dama breed and seven animals of White Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.

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Mycobacterium bovisin Swine: Spoligotyping of Isolates from Argentina

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.4061/2011/979647 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Soledad Barandiaran ◽

Marcela Martínez Vivot ◽

Eduardo Vicente Moras ◽

Angel Adrián Cataldi ◽

Martín José Zumárraga

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

Productive Area ◽

Epidemiological Link

A total of 143Mycobacterium bovisisolates of pigs, from the most productive swine area in Argentina, were typed by spoligotyping. Twenty-two different spoligotypes were identified, and 133 (93%) isolates were grouped into 12 clusters. One of them, designed SB0140, was the most frequent because it held 83 (58%) isolates. This spoligotype also grouped 362 (43%) out of 841 isolates from previously typed cattle and, thus, constitutes the most frequent in our country. In addition, 135 (94%) isolates revealed spoligotypes identical to those of cattle, showing an epidemiological link. On the other hand, there were seven novel spoligotypes, six of which were also unique since they had only one isolate each. This study aimed to identify the spoligotypes ofM. bovisisolated from pigs to contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of bovine tuberculosis in the main productive area of Argentina.

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The prevalence, distribution and severity of detectable pathological lesions in badgers naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268807009909 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 136 (10) ◽

pp. 1350-1361 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

H. E. JENKINS ◽

W. I. MORRISON ◽

D. R. COX ◽

C. A. DONNELLY ◽

W. T. JOHNSTON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Large Sample ◽

Pathological Lesions ◽

Badger Culling ◽

Severe Pathology ◽

Bite Wounds ◽

The Impact

SUMMARYThe Randomized Badger Culling Trial (RBCT) began in 1998 to determine the impact of badger culling in controlling bovine tuberculosis in cattle. A total of 1166 badgers (14% of total) proactively culled during the RBCT were found to be tuberculous, offering a unique opportunity to study the pathology caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a large sample of badgers. Of these, 39% of adults (~6% of all adults culled) had visible lesions (detectable at necropsy) of bovine tuberculosis; cubs had a lower prevalence of infection (9%) but a higher percentage of tuberculous cubs (55·5%) had visible lesions. Only ~1% of adult badgers had extensive, severe pathology. Tuberculous badgers with recorded bite wounds (~5%) had a higher prevalence of visible lesions and a different distribution of lesions, suggesting transmission via bite wounds. However, the predominance of lesions in the respiratory tract indicates that most transmission occurs by the respiratory route.

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