scholarly journals Affirmative Action: An Overview of the History of Resistance, Struggle and Achievements of the Black Population in the Brazilian Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daniela Mara Gouvea Bellini ◽  
Francisca De Lima Constantino
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Movement ◽  
Educational Field

This article seeks to present a reflection on affirmative actions that are characterized as public policies aimed at minority groups. On this perspective, we will make a cutting in the racial inequalities between blacks and whites in the Brazilian context, for the disparities between these groups are not marked only by social class, but also by the ambiguous racism that prevails in the country. Thereby, we seek to make the complaint of racial inequality in Brazil, as well as the announcement of answers achieved by the struggle of the black population, personified on the black movement and in actions in favor of black men and women who historically lived on the margins of society. In this sense, we organized the paper into three parts, plus the introduction and closing remarks. First, we present a brief historical and social context of race relations in Brazil. Then, we speak of about the steps and achievements of the black movement in the country. Finally, we highlight the affirmative action adopted for the benefit of black people, especially in the educational field, like the quota system in universities.

‘Race’ and Resistance to Policing Before the ‘Windrush Years’: The Colonial Defence Committee and the Liverpool ‘Race Riots’ of 1948

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Fevre
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Black People ◽  
National Level ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Race Riots ◽  
Black Resistance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Abstract Between 31 July and 2 August 1948, Liverpool experienced three nights of racial violence on a scale not witnessed since the end of the First World War. Despite being initiated by white rioters, the so-called ‘race riots’ of 1948 were more significant in terms of the relationship between the police and Liverpool’s black population. Previous studies have sought to understand why and what happened during the riots; however, there has been little analysis of the aftermath. This article looks specifically at how black people responded to the ‘race riots’ in 1948 and argues that this episode led to a period of heightened political activity at a local and national level centred around the issue of policing. It focusses on the Colonial Defence Committee (CDC) that was formed immediately after the riots to organize the legal defence of individuals believed to have been wrongfully arrested. In its structure and organizational methods, the CDC represented a prototype of the defence committees that became a hallmark of black political opposition to policing during the 1970s and 1980s. Examining the aftermath of the Liverpool ‘race riots’ in 1948, thus, offers new perspectives on the historical development of black political resistance to policing in twentieth-century Britain. On the one hand, it reveals a longer history of struggle against racially discriminatory policing, which predates the ‘Windrush years’ migration of the 1950s and early 1960s. It also highlights the historical continuities in the way that black resistance to policing manifested itself over the twentieth century.

scholarly journals THE ABORTION‘S ACT AMONG BLACK AMERICAN IN THE UNITEDSTATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Merissa Octora
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black American ◽  
White American ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research focuses on the act of abortion among Black People in the United States based on history, the society environment, and two big major issues regarding the abortion act such as Roe vs Wade, and Pro Choice - Pro Life. Black people become the central point on this research because the fact shows that the largest population which do the abortion act and mostly considered as Black American in the first plce and the second one is from Hispanic American rather  than any other minority groups or even the White American itself and this happened  based on the history of racial discrimination or segregation toward BlackPeople. This research uses library research in term of qualitative method, and applying  descriptive method in analyzing the data. The approaches which are used in this research are the approaches which have a great related with the society and social problem. This approaches well known with the term of interdispliner study which have main purpose to elaborate many perspectives to become primarysources. The different treatment toward Black People based on racial discrimination experienced becomes the trigger why do Black People placed the highest number in doing abortion act in the UnitedStates.    

"Uncle Toms:" White Stereotypes in the Black Movement

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Petroni
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Black People ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Minority Person ◽  
Black Movement ◽  
American Society

Some two decades ago, Arnold Rose suggested that the Negro in American society takes on the prejudices of that society-including the prejudices against black people. The Negro sees that most blacks occupy inferior occupational positions, have less education, and occupy lower social statuses than his fellow white Americans. Because of this Rose wrote that the Negro may unconsciously come to feel that by rejecting Negroes and "Negro ways," he can escape being a Negro and all the handicaps which that involves. Instead of a reactive prejudice directed toward his tormentors, the members of minority groups may direct their hatred inward. When this occurs, it can be said that a minority person hates members of his minority group (including himself) for some of the same stereotyped reasons that are held by the members of the majority group.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the concept of taxpayer citizenship and its role in constructing racial inequalities in U.S. history. In particular, the introduction examines the way taxpayer identity has often served as code for whiteness and as an alibi for racial segregation. This chapter also examines the connections between taxes and rights in the history of racial inequality in the U.S. and identifies the pitfalls of justifying policy and spending through the language of taxpayer rights.

Race, the Affirmative Action Debate, Education, and Past Court Cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-66
Author(s):  
J. Scott Carter ◽  
Cameron D. Lippard
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The Impact

This chapter provides insights into the state of racial inequality in the US today, with a particular eye on income, wealth, jobs, and education disparities. Do these factors continue to be predicted by race? If they do not, then there really is no need to consider race when making policy at the national and state levels or in higher education. The discussions over affirmative action and how it should be implemented would be moot. This chapter also provides an examination of the impact of education in general and in particular for minorities. We look at how the elimination of affirmative action at the state level has affected enrollment of minorities in higher education. We then provide a look at the history of affirmative action related to higher education in the courts. As such, we offer a detailed synopsis of past court cases that have set the stage for how affirmative action is viewed and used in higher education today. In this light, we discuss the ever-present and surprisingly controversial notion of diversity and how it shapes the affirmative action landscape. We end the chapter by discussing our methodological and analytical strategies for the remaining portion of the book.

scholarly journals Políticas públicas de promoção de igualdade racial no Município de Caçapava do Sul/RS: análise da situação socioeconômica da população negra do município (2000-2010)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeni Xavier Siqueira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Black People ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Racial Equality ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Public policies to promote racial equality in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul / RS: analysis of the socioeconomic situation of the black population of the municipality (2000-2010)</strong></p><p><strong>RESUMO: </strong>O presente trabalho buscou verificar as políticas públicas que foram/estão sendo implementadas pela administração pública municipal de Caçapava do Sul/RS com a finalidade de promover igualdade racial e qual sua efetividade considerando os dados socioeconômicos do IBGE (2000-2010). Para isto, utilizou-se de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória, utilizando pesquisa documental e coleta de dados. Dessa forma, verificou-se que, segundo os dados do IBGE (2010), 80% das pessoas negras tem rendimento mensal até 1 (um) salário mínimo e quanto aos dados relativos à educação formal, 74% da pessoas negras possui ensino fundamental incompleto ou não possuem qualquer instrução escolar. Ao realizar uma comparação da situação socioeconômica e escolaridade da população negra considerando o Censo IBGE (2000) e os atuais dados do Censo (2010), apurou-se que houve um aumento no percentual de pessoas negras que frequentavam ensino superior. Porém quanto à situação econômica da população negra, verificou-se uma redução no rendimento, apontando que hoje a população branca do município possui rendimentos 80% maior que a população autodeclarada preta. Ao realizar a análise da legislação do município de Caçapava do Sul/RS localizaram-se apenas cinco legislações com conteúdo relacionado à promoção de igualdade racial, sendo a legislação a mais relevante a Lei nº. 3957/18 que cria a Coordenadoria Municipal de Promoção da Igualdade Racial – COMPIR no município. Desse modo, verifica-se a necessidade da implementação e ampliação das políticas públicas de promoção de igualdade racial que visem conter o impacto que o racismo sob a população negra e reduzir a desigualdade racial, que se mostrou presente no município de Caçapava do Sul/RS segundo os dados socioeconômicos do IBGE (2000-2010).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Racismo; Igualdade Racial; Políticas Públicas.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>The present work sought to verify the public policies for/are being implemented by the municipal public administration of Caçapava do Sul / RS with the purpose of promoting racial equality and its effectiveness considering the socioeconomic data of IBGE (2000-2010). For this, a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory methodological approach was used, using documentary research and data collection. According to data from the IBGE (2010), 80% of black people have a monthly income of up to 1 (one) minimum wage and 74% of black people have incomplete elementary education or do not have any school education. When comparing the socioeconomic situation and schooling of the black population considering the IBGE Census (2000) and the current Census data (2010), it was found that there was an increase in the percentage of black people who attended higher education. However, regarding the economic situation of the black population, there was a reduction in income, indicating that today the white population of the municipality has incomes 80% higher than the self-declared black population and 65% higher than the brown self-declared population. When analyzing the legislation of the municipality of Caçapava do Sul/RS were located only five laws with content related to the promotion of racial equality, the most relevant legislation being Law nº 3957/18 that creates the Municipal Coordination for the Promotion of Racial Equality - COMPIR in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul/RS. Thus, there is a need to implement and expand public policies to promote racial equality aimed at containing the impact of racism on the black population and reducing racial inequality, which was present in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul/ RS according to IBGE's socioeconomic data (2000-2010).</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> Racism; Racial equality; Public policy.</p><p><strong>Data da submissão: 19/06/2019</strong><br /><strong>Data da aceitação: 04/05/2020</strong></p>

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Laura Warren Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
City Hall ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Movement

This chapter traces thirty years of engagement and organizing in Black Rochester. It emphasizes that no facet of life shaped Rochester in the period more than the emergence of a sizable Black population that is able to organize and command the attention of city hall and of the major corporations. It also mentions a telling diffusion of power that occurred by the end of the era, wherein corporations are no longer alone in charting the city's course. The chapter elaborates how the story of Rochester, New York makes clear that even among a relatively small Black population in a medium-sized city, there was no single Black movement nor one distinct path to freedom. It recounts Black activists that had continuously fought for equality and for their freedom rights throughout the history of the United States.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document