Emulators as a Tool for Control Digital System Software Debugging

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
A. D. Ivannikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Model ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
System Software ◽  
System A ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Operational Program

The simulation of control digital systems at the architecture level, that is, emulation of the instruction set, memory cells and internal programmable registers, as well as the interrupt system and direct memory access is considered. Emulators are used for debugging embedded digital system software and in the development of new custom processors. Requirements for emulators are formalized. It is shown that the main requirements are adequate simulation of digital systems at the architecture level, the presence of a set of convenient debugging modes, as well as high efficiency of emulators, that is, the minimum possible average number of instrumental computer instructions required to simulate one instruction of the target digital system. A classification of the debugging capabilities of emulators and possible ways of implementing debugging modes is given. The composition of the emulators is described. A graphical model of the structure of the emulator is proposed. The simulation process for each instruction is presented as a sequence of execution of smaller operations. If different instructions include the same operations, these operations can be performed by the same software modules. These modules can be included in all the corresponding blocks of the emulator that simulate the execution of instructions, or the emulator can include only one copy of each operational program module, and the module can be accessed while simulating the corresponding instruction. Determination of the structure of the emulator is formalized as an extreme task, the objective function of which is the minimum average time for simulating the execution of one instruction of the target digital system, and the limitation is the maximum allowable memory size of the instrumental computer occupied by the emulator. A practical method for determining the structure of the emulator is proposed.

The Impact Evaluation of Factors on the Adhesion of Modified Polytetrafluoroethylene Films in a Glow Discharge Non-Thermal Plasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 658-662
Author(s):  
M.A. Mokeev ◽  
L.A. Urkhanova ◽  
A.N. Khagleev ◽  
Denis B. Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical, chemical and plasma treatment are the main kind of treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films. Each method is different from each other by the adhesive force: the value of the wetting angle. Mechanical treatment allows different particles to permeate into the structure of the polymer. Chemical treatment creates new functional groups on the polymer surface, but this method is toxic and dangerous. Plasma treatment, in a glow discharge non-thermal plasma, is a more ecological and practical method. The experiment showed that the plasma treatment successfully increases the adhesion, this has been proven by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. According to the obtained data of the wetting angle, the regression equation was derived. A graphical model is constructed by regression equations allows you to determine the main processing factor and choose the optimal values of treatment.

Adaptation in the respiratory control system

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Duffin ◽  
Safraaz Mahamed
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Control System ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
System A ◽  
Hypoxia Adaptation ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreflex

Exposure to hypoxia, whether for short or prolonged periods or for repeated episodes, produces alterations in the ventilatory responses. This review presents evidence that these adaptations are likely to be mediated by adaptations in the respiratory chemoreflexes, particularly the peripheral chemoreflex, and proposes models of respiratory control explaining the observed changes in ventilation. After a brief introduction to the respiratory control system, a graphical model is developed that illustrates the operation of the system in the steady state, which will be used later. Next, the adaptations in ventilatory responses to hypoxia that have been observed are described, and methods of measuring the alterations in the chemoreflexes that might account for them are discussed. Finally, experimental data supporting the view that changes in the activity of the peripheral chemoreflex can account for the ventilatory adaptations to hypoxia are presented and incorporated into models of chemoreflex behaviour during exposures to hypoxia of various durations.Key words: respiration, chemoreflexes, hypoxia, adaptation, models.

scholarly journals High-efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction in organic–aqueous system: a new insight into the role of water

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3798-3802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Lin ◽  
Rongying Liao ◽  
Junli Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Binary Liquid System ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
System A ◽  
System P ◽  
Insight Into

A high efficiency photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into CO has been achieved by construction of a binary liquid system.

Application of a MIMO-PID Controller for a Hydraulic Excavator Considering the Velocity of CoM

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-651
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kozui ◽  
Toru Yamamoto ◽  
Masaki Akiyama ◽  
Kazushige Koiwai ◽  
Yoichiro Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Hydraulic Excavator ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
System A ◽  
Hydraulic Excavators ◽  
Recent Trends

There are many machines that require human operation in industry, and high operational skills are required to operate these machines efficiently. However, the number of highly skilled workers is decreasing due to the recent trends of falling birthrate and population aging. This decline is particularly pronounced in the construction industry, while the demand for construction workers remains high owing to the increasing number of developed infrastructures. To reduce this mismatch between the supply and the demand, it is important to achieve high efficiency in tasks using hydraulic excavators, because these machines can greatly increase the productivity at construction sites. Accordingly, it is necessary to improve productivity even if unskilled operators use hydraulic excavators. This paper proposes a control system that achieves efficient motions based on the velocity of the center of mass (CoM) of the hydraulic excavator’s attachments, which reflects the characteristics of skilled workers’ operations. The motions of multiple attachments give rise to interference terms owing to the characteristics of the hydraulic system. A two-input two-output control system, in which the input consists of the lever input and the output is the CoM velocity is constructed. The fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) method is used to calculate the controller parameters. The proposed method was verified by comparing the results of a simulated digging motion and an experiment with an actual hydraulic excavator operated by an unskilled operator.

Modelling of the rotational vibrations of the engine front-end accessory drive system: a generic method

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (13) ◽  
pp. 1780-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng ◽  
Wen-Bin Shangguan ◽  
Jianxiang Deng ◽  
Xingjian Jing ◽  
Waizuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
System A ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
Front End ◽  
Rotational Vibration ◽  
Vibration Responses ◽  
Drive Systems

To investigate the rotation vibration dynamics of the pulleys and the tension arms, and to estimate the vibrations of the belts and the slip ratio between the belt and the pulleys in the engine front-end accessory drive systems, a systematic modelling and analytical method is proposed for engine front-end accessory drive systems; this can be used for modelling engine front-end accessory drive systems with different layouts and different numbers of tensioners, including automatic and fixed tensioners. In the modelling, the rotational pulleys are classified as fixed-axis pulleys and moveable-axis pulleys (such as the pulley in the tensioner). Moreover, the belt spans are classified as the belt spans between the two fixed pulleys, and the belt spans adjacent to the pulley of a tensioner. The equations of motion for each type of pulley and the tension calculation equations for each type of belt span are developed. In this way, the equations of motion for all the pulleys and the tensioner arms can be obtained easily, irrespective of the layout of the tensioners. To obtain the dynamic rotational vibration responses of an engine front-end accessory drive system by the conventional Runge–Kutta method, high-efficiency algorithms or methods are also proposed for calculating the tangent-point coordinates between a belt and the adjacent pulleys and the belt length of the contact arc on one pulley. The proposed modelling and analysis methods are validated by modelling different layouts of the engine front-end accessory drive systems with different types and numbers of tensioners, and also by comparisons between the calculated dynamic vibration responses of the pulleys and the belts and the real experimental data.

A New Fuzzy Variable Structure Control of a Type of Nonlinear Multivariable System

2006 ◽  
Vol 315-316 ◽  
pp. 623-627
Author(s):  
P. Wei ◽  
Z.L. Wang ◽  
L.H. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Fuzzy Variable ◽  
Variable Structure Control ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Multivariable System ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Structure Control ◽  
System A ◽  
Novel Method

In order to improve the robust performance for a type of nonlinear multivariable system, a new fuzzy variable structure control method is introduced in detail, which combined the features of traditional variable structure control method with the advantages of the fuzzy control theory. The present work realized the linearization of the nonlinear multivariable system, and then the new fuzzy variable structure control method is applied to control the linearization system. The robust experiments were carried out on the novel method. The results indicated that the required robust performance could be achieved with high efficiency by utilizing the new method.

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