Algorithms for Determining the Probability of Risks of Accidents in Tunnels Based on the Characteristics of the Noise of Noisy Signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
T. A. Aliev ◽  
N. F. Musaeva ◽  
M. T. Suleymanova
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Noisy Signal ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
Noisy Signals ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given

The paper covers creating the algorithms for calculating the probability of various types of defects in tunnels, the development of which can lead to accidents. Tunnels are an important and complex part of the transport and communication system, through which heavy traffic is carried out. Determining the probability of defects in the latent period of their initiation in individual sections of tunnels is an important problem. The formation of defects is accompanied by the appearance of noise that distorts the useful signals coming from sensors and measuring instruments installed to control the stability of the tunnel and the reliability of its structures. Traditionally measuring instruments register noisy signals, and the technical condition of the tunnels is assessed on the basis of the values of their characteristics. It is shown in the paper that the more reliable indicators of fixing the onset of dangerous changes in the latent period of initiation are the characteristics of the noise, which cannot be extracted from the noisy signal. It is noted that the probability with which the noise takes on admissible and critical values is an indicator of changes in the technical condition of tunnels. Algorithms have been developed for calculating the probabilities of the noise values getting in the given intervals. These probabilities are stored as reference sets for the initiation of tunnel defects. After the training has been carried out, the values of the probabilities with which the noise takes on the given values at different time instants are matched to the type of defect and one of the possible technical states: serviceable, operational, partially operational, inoperable; pre-emergency; emergency, etc. It is also shown that the differences in the probabilities with which the noise takes on the same values at different times are indicators of the dynamics of changes in the malfunction in the tunnels. A database ofinformative attributes of the intensity of the development of failures is also created in the paper. For this database, the indicators of the dynamics of the development of a defect are determined, such as insignificant, slow, significant, intensive.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGIES FOR CALCULATING THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN THE USEFUL SIGNAL AND THE NOISE USING THE ESTIMATE OF THEIR RELAY CROSS-CORRELATION FUNCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Telman Aliev ◽  
◽  
Nailya Musaeva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Function ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Cross Correlation Function ◽  
Noisy Signal ◽  
Normalized Cross Correlation ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Noisy Signals

It is shown that when noisy signals are formed, the condition for the absence of correlation between the useful signal and the noise is often violated. This causes certain errors of correlation analysis of these signals, resulting in the inadequacy of the results obtained. In addition, the existing correlation analysis technologies do not allow using the noise as a carrier of valuable information. Therefore, the full use of the colossal information potential of noisy signals requires new technologies that would exclude the loss of valuable information, both when the known classical conditions are met and when they are not. Algorithms are developed for determining the estimate of the correlation coefficient between the useful signal and the noise, which cannot be measured directly or isolated from a noisy signal. For this purpose, the normalized cross-correlation function between the useful signal and the noise is used. An algorithm for calculating the estimates of the normalized cross-correlation function between the useful signal and the noise is developed using the estimates of the relay correlation function of the noisy signal. It is shown that the value of this estimate, calculated at a zero time shift, is an estimate of the correlation coefficient between the useful signal and the noise. A technology for conducting computational experiments is proposed, a comparative analysis is carried out, and the reliability of the proposed algorithms and technologies is confirmed. It is shown that under the normal technical condition of the object, the estimates of the relay cross-correlation function and the correlation coefficient between the useful signal and the noise will be close to zero. With the emergence of various defects preceding malfunctions at the object, these estimates will change depending on the degree of damage. Therefore, it is the estimates of the cross-correlation function and the correlation coefficient between the useful signal and the noise that should be used in monitoring and control systems as informative attributes for signaling and monitoring the beginning of changes in the technical condition of objects and the dynamics of their malfunctions. The use of these new effective informative attributes makes it possible to increase the degree of accuracy and reliability of operation of modern information systems.

A fixed point approach to the stability of sextic Lie *-derivations

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (15) ◽  
pp. 4933-4944
Author(s):  
Dongseung Kang ◽  
Heejeong Koh
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equation ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
General Solution ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Fixed Point Method ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Fixed Point Approach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given ◽  
Lie Derivations

We obtain a general solution of the sextic functional equation f (ax+by)+ f (ax-by)+ f (bx+ay)+ f (bx-ay) = (ab)2(a2 + b2)[f(x+y)+f(x-y)] + 2(a2-b2)(a4-b4)[f(x)+f(y)] and investigate the stability of sextic Lie *-derivations associated with the given functional equation via fixed point method. Also, we present a counterexample for a single case.

scholarly journals Renovation Management Method in Neglected Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Beata Nowogońska ◽  
Magdalena Mielczarek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
Decision Making Support

Renovation works to buildings are often not carried out or there are shifts in time, which causes degradation of the building. The article presents an analysis of the consequences of abandoning renovation works. The aim of this article is to present a method of preliminarily planning renovations of a MRUB (Managing Renovation in Un-renovated Buildings). This method of decision-making support is based on the consequences in the case of the omission of renovations. The omission of renovations may lead to a threat to the stability of the building’s structure, threaten the lives of its users, and further damage the building by damaging further elements, or even cause a building disaster. Often, as a result of the abandonment of renovation, usually caused by the lack of the owner, improper manager, or irresponsible owners, these objects are degraded. The consequences of the failure of renovating buildings lead to irreversible processes of destruction. As a result of the research, it was found that it was not only a bad technical condition that was a prerequisite for carrying out the renovation. The consequences of the absence of renovation works, in addition to the technical condition, should be a motivating factor. The problem of the abandonment of renovations is presented using the example of the palace in Drwalewice.

Pressure dependent ultrasonic properties of hcp hafnium metal

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanshu P. Singh ◽  
Shakti Yadav ◽  
Giridhar Mishra ◽  
Devraj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ultrasonic Attenuation ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Ultrasonic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Coupling ◽  
Third Order Elastic Constants ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given

Abstract The elastic and ultrasonic properties have been evaluated at room temperature between the pressure 0.6 and 10.4 GPa for hexagonal closed packed (hcp) hafnium (Hf) metal. The Lennard-Jones potential model has been used to compute the second and third order elastic constants for Hf. The elastic constants have been utilized to calculate the mechanical constants such as Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Zener anisotropy factor for finding the stability and durability of hcp hafnium metal within the chosen pressure range. The second order elastic constants were also used to compute the ultrasonic velocities along unique axis at different angles for the given pressure range. Further thermophysical properties such as specific heat per unit volume and energy density have been estimated at different pressures. Additionally, ultrasonic Grüneisen parameters and acoustic coupling constants have been found out at room temperature. Finally, the ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon–phonon interaction and thermoelastic mechanisms has been investigated for the chosen hafnium metal. The obtained results have been discussed in correlation with available findings for similar types of hcp metals.

scholarly journals Some remarks on the stability of the Cauchy equation and completeness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Fripertinger ◽  
Jens Schwaiger
Keyword(s):  
Normed Space ◽  
Additive Function ◽  
Functional Equations ◽  
Constant Function ◽  
Cauchy Equation ◽  
Cauchy Difference ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given

AbstractIt was proved in Forti and Schwaiger (C R Math Acad Sci Soc R Can 11(6):215–220, 1989), Schwaiger (Aequ Math 35:120–121, 1988) and with different methods in Schwaiger (Developments in functional equations and related topics. Selected papers based on the presentations at the 16th international conference on functional equations and inequalities, ICFEI, Bȩdlewo, Poland, May 17–23, 2015, Springer, Cham, pp 275–295, 2017) that under the assumption that every function defined on suitable abelian semigroups with values in a normed space such that the norm of its Cauchy difference is bounded by a constant (function) is close to some additive function, i.e., the norm of the difference between the given function and that additive function is also bounded by a constant, the normed space must necessarily be complete. By Schwaiger (Ann Math Sil 34:151–163, 2020) this is also true in the non-archimedean case. Here we discuss the situation when the bound is a suitable non-constant function.

scholarly journals Detection of Tree Roots in an Urban Area with the Use of Ground Penetrating Radar

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Krainyukov ◽  
Igor Lyaksa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Secondary Processing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
The Given

Abstract The paper is devoted to using ground penetrating radar (GPR) for the detection of tree roots in an urban area, since GPR allow detect the hidden objects in non invasive way. It is necessary exactly to know the growth direction, thickness and depth of the roots of the tree to confidently assert about the tree root influence on the technical condition of engineering objects and structures: of the buildings, of pavements, of roadway, of engineering communications and etc. The aim of the given research was experimentally to evaluation the possibilities of detection of tree roots in an urban area with the use of GPR on frequency 400 MHz and of algorithms of secondary processing of GPR signals. Results of interpretation of radar profile and evacuation of soil around tree show the possibility of detection of the tree roots and the determination of their parameters using one or two radar concentric profiles.

scholarly journals Step-by-step control of target efficiency indices of the control and measuring equipment stock applied in construction and housing and communal services

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Khayrullin ◽  
Pavel Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Finite Difference Equations ◽  
Target Values ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Step Control ◽  
Different Levels

The mathematical model is considered for the formation and implementation of development strategies of the stock of control and measuring instruments (CMI) applied in construction and housing and communal services(HCS), and step-by-step control of efficiency target values of the stock. The model is based on a system of finite - difference equations describing the change of number of the CMI samples with different levels of technical perfection and technical condition at each planning interval. The model allows calculating the required number of CMI for procurement and repairs in the various groups for provide target values of efficiency indices at each planning interval. Controller is number of modern CMI samples for procurement and number of modern and obsolete faulty CMI samples for the repairs. The results of calculations are presented.

scholarly journals Automatic Monitoring System Designed for Controlling the Stability of Underground Excavation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr MAŁKOWSKI ◽  
Zbigniew NIEDBALSKI ◽  
Łukasz BEDNAREK
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Automatic Monitoring System ◽  
Underground Workings ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Given

Ensuring the stability of mining excavations is a crucial aspect of underground mining. For thispurpose, appropriate shapes, dimensions, and support of workings are designed for the given mining andgeological conditions. However, for the proper assessment of the adequacy of the used technical solutions,and the calibration of the models used in the support design, it is necessary to monitor the behavior of theexcavation. It should apply to the rock mass and the support. The paper presents the automatic systemdesigned for underground workings monitoring, and the example of its use in the heading. Electronicdevices that measure the rock mass movements in the roof, the load on the standing support, and on bolts,the stress in the rock mass, are connected to the datalogger and can collect data for a long of time withoutany maintenance, also in hard-to-reach places. This feature enables the system to be widely used, inparticular, in excavations in the vicinity of exploitation, goafs, or in the area of a liquidated exploitationfield.

Investigation of the Influence of Technological Factors on the Characteristics of Flexible Non-Adhesive Foil Dielectrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-516
Author(s):  
A.V. Vorobyov ◽  
◽  
V.D. Zhora ◽  
N.I. Plis ◽  
S.P. Timoshenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Total Thermal Resistance ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermal Resistors ◽  
The Given

Currently, the traditional use of varnish-foil dielectrics for manufacturing resistors, resistive assemblies and heating elements has been supplemented by their application in production of thermal resistors, the membranes of acoustic and photoelectric transformers. As a rule, the non-adhesive foil dielectrics sustain the affect of high temperatures, permit to significantly increase the density of elements and have better quality characteristics, because the adhesives have negative effect upon the electrical characteristics of the materials, manufactured with their application. Also, the adhesives have comparatively low thermal resistance, which manifests on the total thermal resistance of foil dielectric and the items manufactured on it, especially in case when as a base polyimide is used. In the paper the flexible foil dielectrics for electronic equipment and their manufacturing technology have been considered. The advantages of the non-adhesive foil dielectrics with complete imidization of the polymer base have been shown. The technology of manufacturing the varnish-foil dielectrics, used in manufacturing highly reliable microcircuits of modification 2 and of highly technological membranes of acoustic transformers, has been developed. The polyimide base of the dielectrics has high adhesion to foil and the guaranteed uniformity of the imidization extent 95-100 %. This provides the stability of technological conditions in the process of manufacturing the items from the given materials, as well as an increase of the storage life of the varnish-foil dielectrics up to 12 months.

Mental Testing

1944 ◽  
Vol 90 (378) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Intelligence Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mental Testing ◽  
Mental Tests

Increased use of mental tests for the study of psychoses and allied disorders is conspicuous in recent psychiatric practice. This increase is most prominent first in the use of Rorschach's ink-blots; second, in the investigation of conceptual thinking with methods originated by Goldstein; third, in the study of psychometric pattern; fourth, in the diagnosis and measurement of intellectual deterioration; fifth, in assessing prognosis and the effects of treatment. It is partially attributable to sharpening of interest, due to the war, in the prediction of break-down under stress, in the stability and social potentialities of border-line groups, and in estimating the effects of head injury. Another factor is that popular modern treatments such as shock therapy and prefrontal leucotomy appear to involve cerebral areas intimately associated with intelligence. The greatest advances, however, have been made by the followers of Rorschach and of Goldstein and their contributions began before these factors arose. Their methods are also much applied in investigations under the fourth and fifth headings. Their influence, too, is discernible in a change now developing in the way of using mental tests. Whereas in most early investigations tests were used quantitatively as instruments for studying how intelligence level affects and is affected by psychosis, the modern tendency is to use tests not as measuring instruments, but as standard interviews or situations in which the quality rather than the level of the subject's behaviour is studied. On the other hand, perhaps it was growing recognition of the unsuitability of most quantitative tests for application to adults, and of the additional difficulties of interpreting results in psychoses, that first induced search for other techniques.

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