scholarly journals Women in China Moving Forward: Progress, Challenges and Reflections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Juhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gender Revolution ◽  
Status Of Women

While China’s socialist revolution has been credited with improving the status of women, gender inequality remains. Drawing on macro data, this article provides an overview of gender equality in China, focusing on labor force and political participation in the past 70 years, particularly since 1978, the onset of socioeconomic reform. Specifically, the article describes, compares, and examines the progress and challenges that women face in accessing economic opportunities and political resources. We find a more equal relationship between male and female when resources are relatively adequate, but that females are disadvantaged when resources are scarce, for example, including representation in more prestigious occupations, higher income, and political positions. These findings illustrate how inequality is maintained and reproduced, and suggest that despite China’s progressive socialist agenda, its gender revolution remains ‘stalled.’

Gender in Israel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reut Itzkovitch-Malka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Political System ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Made In

This chapter traces, identifies, and characterizes the main features of the gender division in Israeli society and politics. It addresses questions relevant to the status of women, as well as the LGBTQ community, and assesses the magnitude of gender inequality in the various societal, cultural, and political arenas. While substantial progress has been made in improving the status of women in Israel, there is still a long road ahead before Israel can achieve true gender equality. In order for such equality to become a reality, genuine change is in order: a focus on the substantive outputs of the Knesset and the government; an emphasis on gender mainstreaming practices; and widespread feminist activity in formal politics, meant to inject critical feminist views into the political system and alter existing gender relations.

scholarly journals From Enlightenment to Equality: Spirituality May Lead the Way to a Gender Just Society in India and Beyond

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
ERIN SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discourse ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Just Society ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Paradigm ◽  
Status Of Women

India is a country of spiritual traditions and paradoxes. Its spiritual verve offers sustenance through personal transformation, truth, harmony, and connection, yet today large numbers of people in India struggle against poverty, abuses, injustice, and inequalities. India is a land of daughters, known for their valour, hope, knowledge, and wealth of spirit, yet today the status of women is one of the country’s greatest challenges and gender equality is fighting an often-silent battle. This study was conceived from the notion that Indian spirituality, in its truest essence, is the antithesis to this gender paradigm, and accordingly, it examined if spirituality can work to achieve a more gender equal and just society. Organized with the support of Dev Sanskriti University, this pilot study sought to uncover a correlation between participants’ spirituality and their beliefs about gender roles, their gender equal attitudes, and gender equal behavior in the home. Though findings revealed no exceptional correlation, results identified a relationship between spirituality and gender equality within which gender discourse should focus and further research should follow. Gender inequality is pervasive in all countries, and such a global crisis deems further exploration into spirituality and gender equality not only compelling but also necessary.

Gender in Israel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reut Itzkovitch-Malka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Political System ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Made In

This chapter traces, identifies, and characterizes the main features of the gender division in Israeli society and politics. It addresses questions relevant to the status of women, as well as the LGBTQ community, and assesses the magnitude of gender inequality in the various societal, cultural, and political arenas. While substantial progress has been made in improving the status of women in Israel, there is still a long road ahead before Israel can achieve true gender equality. In order for such equality to become a reality, genuine change is in order: a focus on the substantive outputs of the Knesset and the government; an emphasis on gender mainstreaming practices; and widespread feminist activity in formal politics, meant to inject critical feminist views into the political system and alter existing gender relations.

scholarly journals Gender Equality in the Academy: The Pipeline Problem

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Renwick Monroe ◽  
William F. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
American Association ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

AbstractAs part of the ongoing work by the Committee on the Status of Women in the Profession (CSWP), we offer an empirical analysis of the pipeline problem in academia. The image of a pipeline is a commonly advanced explanation for persistent discrimination that suggests that gender inequality will decline once there are sufficient numbers of qualified women in the hiring pool. The CSWP believes that it is important to ask whether this phenomenon is actually occurring, because the implication is that we can explain inequality as a function of insufficient numbers of trained women in the pool, rather than as a result of ongoing discrimination that requires alternate remedies. Data from the American Association of University Professors suggests that merely increasing the pool of qualified women has not led to a commensurate number of women rising to the top in academia. Women are still ending up in lower paid jobs, and they continue to earn less than men in comparable positions. More aggressive policies to end discrimination are required.

scholarly journals The prospective status of women in israel following a clash between the feminist and religious revolutions in the Israeli army

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-302
Author(s):  
Anat Pershitz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Israeli Army ◽  
Status Of Women

In the past decade, the Israeli Army (IDF) has been undergoing simultane-ously two ‘social revolutions’: a ‘feminist revolution’ and a “religious revolution”. The two revolutions have different and conflicting ideologies causing a clash of values. Feminist values demand the integration of women in the army without gender separation, whereas religious principles require modesty and gender separation. At the moment, in practice, religious values which under-mine women’s equal opportunities in the army outweigh democratic values. If the secular women and men in Israeli society will not act to deprive the IDF of its unofficial and unauthorized role of balancing conflicting values in society, the status and roles of women in the army will be downgraded, directly im-pacting gender inequality in the employment market.

scholarly journals Job Quality and Gender Inequality: Key Changes in Québec over the Last Decade

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Cloutier ◽  
Paul Bernard ◽  
Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

Using a new typology based on information available from the Labour Force Survey, the authors analyse how job quality evolved in Québec for both women and men over the last decade (1997-2007). Results show that family situation and educational attainment are two important factors in the determination of gender inequality in the labour market. The analysis emphasizes the very significant decline in gender differences with regard to job quality (from 23% to 35% according to groups), especially for persons without children and individuals who achieved higher education. The changes represent a definite progress in the status of women in general, although some indicators also reveal degradation with respect to job quality in some of the sub-groups.  

Rising public piety and the status of women in Indonesia two decades after reformasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Dina Afrianty
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Of Women

AbstractIndonesian women were at the forefront of activism during the turbulent period prior to reformasi and were a part of the leadership that demanded democratic change. Two decades after Indonesia embarked on democratic reforms, the country continues to face challenges on socio-religious and political fronts. Both the rise of political Islam and the increased presence of religion and faith in the public sphere are among the key features of Indonesia's consolidating democracy. This development has reinvigorated the discourse on citizenship and rights and also the historical debate over the relationship between religion and the state. Bearing this in mind, this paper looks at the narrative of women's rights and women's status in the public domain and public policy in Indonesia. It is evident, especially in the past decade, that much of the public conversation within the religious framework is increasingly centred on women's traditional social roles. This fact has motivated this study. Several norms and ideas that are relied on are based on cultural and faith-based interpretations - of gender. Therefore, this paper specifically examines examples of the ways in which social, legal, and political trends in this context affect progress with respect to gender equality and gender policy. I argue that these trends are attempts to subject women to conservative religious doctrines and to confine them to traditional gender roles. The article discusses how these developments should be seen in the context of the democratic transition in Indonesia.

A Review of the Literature on the Status of Women and Minorities in the Professoriate in Higher Education

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marylyn W. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Women In Higher Education ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

Over the past twenty years, the status of women in higher education has improved, but only marginally so. As the political and social climate of the country has become more conservative, the concepts of affirmative action and equal opportunity for women and minorities have been challenged more than ever. In addition, although women are flocking to graduate schools in record numbers, only a small percentage of them are encouraged to seek positions in higher education as administrators or professors. Statistically, the situation is worse, especially for black women. This status report focuses on the following: (1) the role of affirmative action in the hiring and retention of women in higher education; (2) the environment that exists in colleges and universities in regard to women and minorities; (3) policies that adversely affect black women in academia; (4) existing rank and salary inequities of minority male and female professors; (5) a specific look at male and female professors of educational administration; and (6) implications and recommendations.

scholarly journals Gender and Modernization in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülin Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Words Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

This article aims to explain gender equality in Turkey. The gender concept which implies socially determined roles and responsibilities of men and women varies across different societies and in time. The gender is determined by multiple factors. Besides gender has an impact on every period of life in different ways. There can be inequality in using the opportunities, allocation and utilization of resources, accessing the services because of gender. Women have more disadvantages and lower social statuses compared with men are influenced much negative from so-called inequalities. Several reforms have been carried out since beginning of Turkish Republic in order to provide gender equality. These reforms aim to boost the woman’s economic, cultural and social development. However, today sex based inequality is one of the foremost current problems, although these reforms. When the status of woman in Turkey is examined, it is observed that education level of woman has low and involvement in business life is inadequate. Together with this fact, it is obvious that woman could not exceed gender role despite legal reforms in Turkey and take its place in political area. However, fertility conscious of women started to increase. Therefore, the rates of fertility decrease. To sum up, it was observed that today there are many stages in order to reach the level desired in regard to provide gender equality.   Key Words: Gender in Turkey, Gender equality, The Status of Women in Turkey.

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