IMMUNOGENIC CANCER-TESTIS ANTIGENS AND THEIR GENES IN MALIGNANT TUMORS

The analysis of CTG and CTA expression in malignant tumors described in this review has been showed that different types of tumors are significantly different from each other according to the frequency of CTA mRNA expression. Melanoma, ovarian cancer and lung cancer have a very high frequency of CTA expression. Lymphoma, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer have a low frequency of CTA expression. Breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer demonstrate an intermediate level of CTA expression. High degree malignant tumors in late clinical stage with metastases showed a greater incidence of CTA -gene expression. CTA-genes are expressed together in tumor. If the tumor is positive for one CTA-gene then the expression of several genes is possible. Immunogenic CTA-s are a well object for anti-tumor vaccines creating.

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Performance Evaluation of Hard Turning for AISI M2 Die Steel with Coated and Non-Coated CBN Inserts

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.594 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 766-767 ◽

pp. 594-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Girishankar ◽

M. Omkumar

Keyword(s):

Tool Life ◽

Hard Turning ◽

Cubic Boron Nitride ◽

Finish Turning ◽

Die Steel ◽

Different Types ◽

Set Up ◽

The Cost ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

Hard Finish Turning has been Widely Acknowledged as an Excellent Alternative for the Traditional Grinding, Especially it Enables many Intricate Machining Profiles Possible, in a Single Machining Set-up. Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) Inserts are Usually Used for Hard Turning of Superior Hardened Steel Parts to Very High Degree of Accuracy, Geometry and Surface Texture. the Performance of CBN is of Significant Importance for Hard Finish Turning, because of the High Single Cutting Edge Cost. an Array of Experiments are Conducted with Two Different Types of Low Content CBN Insert Grades, 1) Tin Coated Insert CB7015, 2) Non Coated Insert BN250 by Using a Tool Holder MTJNL2525M16 in a LT20 Classic ACE Turning Centre. the Surface Roughness is Inspected by SJ201P Surfinish Mitutoyo Profile Tester. the Parameters Determined during the Experiments are MRR, Ra, and Tool Life in Minutes, Number of Parts Machined. A Satisfactory Match has been Reached by Comparing Mathematical Model Tool Life Using Experimental Data from the General Taylor’s Tool Life Equation and Experimentally Measured Tool Life. the Cost Analysis is Carried out by Gilbert’s Approach Indicates that the Cost Incurred per Part Produced is Lesser in Tin Coated Insert. the Proposed Methodology can Help to Optimise the Hard Finish Turning Process for AISI M2 Die Steel, and Also in Evaluating the Performance of CBN Tin Coated Insert over Non-Coated Insert.

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Anatomy of Aerial RootWood of Sonneratia Caseolaris (L.) Engler (Sonneratioideae)

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90001126 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 374-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Vijendra Rao ◽

Babulal Sharma ◽

R. Dayal

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Intercellular Spaces ◽

Very High Frequency ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Axial Parenchyma ◽

Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽

Plant Body ◽

Different Types ◽

Very High

The anatomy of the aerial rootwood of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler showed distinct growth rings demarcated by fibres, vessels occurring in very high frequency, with simple and multiperforate plates containing druses and stellate crystals, different types of intervessel pits with vestures, absence of axial parenchyma, presence of very fine homogeneous rays, septate fibres and intercellular spaces between fibres. A comparison of aerial rootwood and stemwood revealed many quantitative differences between these two parts of the plant body.

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Cytology of triploid and pentaploid hybrids of Elymus trachycaulus × Pseudoroegneria spicata and P. spicata ssp. inermis

Genome ◽

10.1139/g87-082 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 470-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Taing Aung ◽

P. D. Walton

Keyword(s):

Low Frequency ◽

Plant Size ◽

Double Dose ◽

Homoeologous Pairing ◽

Pseudoroegneria Spicata ◽

Elymus Trachycaulus ◽

Chromosome Associations ◽

Size Variability ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

Emasculated clones of tetraploid and octaploid Elymus trachycaulus crossed with Pseudoroegneria spicata yielded 69 triploids and 13 pentaploid hybrids. The triploid hybrids were morphologically intermediate between the parental species but the pentaploid hybrids resembled E. trachycaulus more closely than P. spicata. A very high degree of plant size variability (very weak to very vigorous) was observed among the 50 triploids that survived to maturity. The variability among the pentaploids, though apparent, was not high. Mean chromosome associations among the selected eight triploids varied from low multivalent formation at meiosis (7.60 I + 6.18 II + 0.24 III + 0.08 IV) to high multivalent-forming meiosis (7.28 I + 5.66 II + 0.32 III + 0.36 IV). The bivalent configurations in these triploids were attributed to homoeologous pairing between the S1 genome of P. spicata and S genomes of E. trachycaulus and the multivalents indicated intergenomal and intragenomal pairings. Mean chromosome associations of 5.22 I + 11.94 II + 1.97 III in 78.7% and 7 I + 14 II in 21.3% of the 150 cells were distributed among the three pentaploid hybrids. The low frequency of trivalents and the absence of multivalents higher than trivalent configurations suggest that homoeologous pairing was substantially reduced and there was no intergenomal and intragenomal pairing in these 2n = 35 x hybrids. Fourteen triploids and three pentaploid hybrids were produced from 4x and 8x forms of E. trachycaulus and P. spicata spp. inermis crosses. The triploids were intermediate between the parents but the pentaploids were more similar to E. trachycaulus. Mean chromosome associations in the triploids (6.020 I + 5.315 II + 0.554 III + 0.235 IV + 0.250 V + 0.048 VI + 0.03 VII) and in the pentaploids (3.50 I + 10.18 II + 3.54 III + 0.13 IV) indicated a very high degree of intergenomal and intragenomal pairing in the triploids; nevertheless, it was greatly reduced in the pentaploids. The Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis genome may have gene(s) that affect a high degree of intergenomal and intragenomal pairing in triploid hybrids with E. trachycaulus. However, in pentaploid hybrids (SS HH S2) the S and H genomes of E. trachycaulus in double dose seem to have restored its regular meiotic bahaviour, at least partially, and reduced homoeologous pairing as well as intergenomal and intragenomal pairing. Key words: Elymus trachycaulus, Pseudoroegneria spicata, regular meiotic behaviour, double dose, intergenomal pairing, intragenomal pairing.

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Network Patterns of Herbal Combinations in Traditional Chinese Clinical Prescriptions

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.590824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Ning Wang ◽

Ninglin Du ◽

Yonghong Peng ◽

Kuo Yang ◽

Zixin Shu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Interaction Patterns ◽

Very High Frequency ◽

Network Patterns ◽

Herbal Prescription ◽

Very High

As a well-established multidrug combinations schema, traditional Chinese medicine (herbal prescription) has been used for thousands of years in real-world clinical settings. This paper uses a complex network approach to investigate the regularities underlying multidrug combinations in herbal prescriptions. Using five collected large-scale real-world clinical herbal prescription datasets, we construct five weighted herbal combination networks with herb as nodes and herbal combinational use in herbal prescription as links. We found that the weight distribution of herbal combinations displays a clear power law, which means that most herb pairs were used in low frequency and some herb pairs were used in very high frequency. Furthermore, we found that it displays a clear linear negative correlation between the clustering coefficients and the degree of nodes in the herbal combination network (HCNet). This indicates that hierarchical properties exist in the HCNet. Finally, we investigate the molecular network interaction patterns between herb related target modules (i.e., subnetworks) in herbal prescriptions using a network-based approach and further explore the correlation between the distribution of herb combinations and prescriptions. We found that the more the hierarchical prescription, the better the corresponding effect. The results also reflected a well-recognized principle called “Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi” in TCM formula theories. This also gives references for multidrug combination development in the field of network pharmacology and provides the guideline for the clinical use of combination therapy for chronic diseases.

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Relation between Electronic Properties and Density of Crystalline Agglomerates in Microcrystalline Silicon

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-0989-a07-01 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 989 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paula C.P. Bronsveld ◽

Arjan Verkerk ◽

Tomas Mates ◽

Antonin Fejfar ◽

Jatindra K. Rath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Properties ◽

Chemical Vapour ◽

Very High Frequency ◽

Silicon Thin Films ◽

High Frequency Plasma ◽

Frequency Plasma ◽

Different Types ◽

Substrate Temperatures ◽

Intergrain Boundaries ◽

Very High

AbstractA series of silicon thin films was made by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (VHF PECVD) at substrate temperatures below 100 °C at different hydrogen to silane dilution ratios. The electronic properties of these layers were studied as a function of the surface crystalline fraction as determined accurately from a combination of microscope images at different length scales (gathered by using different types of microscopes). The results show that the electrical conductivity increases monotonously as a function of crystalline surface coverage and no discontinuity is observed at the percolation threshold. An increase in conductivity of four orders of magnitude for layers with a high crystalline content is observed after annealing at temperatures up to 170 °C. Combined with the information that oxygen is incorporated at Si-H surface bond sites, this suggests that doping of the intergrain boundaries by oxygen might be dominantly responsible for the electronic properties of mixed phase silicon.

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Serum CA242: a biomarker for diagnosis, progression, and metastasis in multiple tumors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39787/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kaicheng Shen ◽

Xiangquan Qin ◽

Xingxing Su ◽

Yishi Yang ◽

Hongqian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Neoplastic Disease ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Different Types ◽

Multiple Metastases

Abstract Background CA242 is a classic biomarker used for diagnosing digestive tract tumors, especially pancreatic cancer. However, CA242 serum levels in some tumor patients and what might influence these levels remain unknown or uncertain. This study aimed to reveal the pancancer landscape of serum CA242 levels and identify some influencing factors. Methods In the current study, serum CA242 levels and clinical information, including clinical stage and metastatic status, were collected from 37,493 patients with 35 different types of neoplastic disease, and CA242 values were also obtained for 880 healthy controls. Results Serum CA242 levels in patients with one of 21 different cancers were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and had diagnostic value in 9 tumors (AUC > 0.7, P < 0.05); serum CA242 levels were increased across all malignant digestive tract tumors. Compared to patients without metastasis, cancer patients with one of 15 kinds of cancer with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis showed elevated CA242 levels. Moreover, CA242 was helpful in distinguishing the clinical stage and metastatic status in 6 cancers. In addition, the presence of multiple metastases and liver metastasis might result in increased CA242 levels. Conclusions Overall, CA242 can not only serve as a diagnostic biomarker for malignant tumors in the digestive system but also predict the progression, stage, and metastasis of many other tumors that have not received clinical attention.

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Early Context-Conditioned Orthographic Knowledge in European Portuguese: The Spelling of the Schwa

Frontiers in Education ◽

10.3389/feduc.2020.513577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Paula Vale ◽

Rafaela Perpétua

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

First Graders ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Orthographic Knowledge ◽

School Grade ◽

Very High Frequency ◽

Similar Frequency ◽

Sound Learning ◽

Letter Sound ◽

Very High

This longitudinal study examined how the phonemic-orthographic context affects the spelling of the schwa (/ɨ/) by Portuguese beginning spellers at two time points in the first school grade. The schwa is phonetically unstable and phonologically ill-defined, has an unpredictable realization, is frequently deleted at the syllable's end, and is often spelt as <e>, a very high frequency grapheme with numerous phonological renditions. In addition to cognitive and other alphabetic tasks, 41 first graders were asked to spell 40 consistent words of medium-low frequency: 5 CV.CV (consonant, vowel. consonant, vowel) with well-articulated vowels; 10 C/ɨ/C.VC, the first vowel being a schwa, thereby creating potential phonological consonantal clusters, half legal (/fɨliʃ/, /fliʃ/), half illegal (/pɨdal/, /pdal/); 10 CV.C/ɨ/, the last vowel being a schwa, potentially creating phonological monosyllables half with a legal coda (/mɔlɨ/, /mɔl/) and half with an illegal coda (/n'avɨ/), (/nav/); in addition, the children spelt 15 CVC ending with /l/, /ɾ/ and /ʃ/, the only legal Portuguese codas. Participants were also asked to spell equivalent pseudowords at a second point in time. Our results show that children were sensitive to allowable letter patterns from the Time 1 assessment point. Although alphabetic spelling was not entirely mastered, children used <e> more in first syllables than at the end of the word, and more in illegal than in legal phonological consonantal clusters, although the pattern of significant differences did change over time. The results were similar for pseudowords. Also, children used <e> more at the CV.C/ɨ/ words whose last C was /l/, than in monosyllabic CVC words ending with /l/. This was not observed with pseudowords, where the grapheme <e> was used with a similar frequency in the two types of items. Overall, these results show that children's acquisition of this kind of context-conditioned orthographic knowledge occurs simultaneously with alphabetic letter-sound learning and depend largely on intuitive statistical learning reflecting the regularities of the written code to which they are exposed.

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Immunology and immunotherapy in the complex treatment of malignant tumors

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-4-248-257 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 248-257

Author(s):

V. F. Semiglazov ◽

A. I. Tseluiko ◽

I. A. Baldueva ◽

T. L. Nekhaeva ◽

A. S. Artemyeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Tumour Regression ◽

Cancer Testis Antigens ◽

Cancer Testis

Immuno-oncology is a rapidly developing field in medicine. Drug combination therapies have already been studied in many clinical trials of different types of tumours. In recent years, a checkpoint inhibition therapy with monoclonal antibodies that target cytological T-lymphocytes has been developed. Thus, inhibition of two regulator genes CTLA 4 and PD1 or PD-L1 ligand to it is able to restore mediated T-cell tumour regression in its many localizations. The article considers a number of key fields of immunology and immunotherapy through a specific example of breast cancer (BC): the role of T-lymphocytes, vaccines, biomarkers of immunotherapy. The treatment used by the authors was based on an innovative technology of autologous dendritic cell-based vaccine based on highly immunogenic cancer/testis antigens (CTA) for immunotherapy of malignant tumours. The technology of specific CTA+-activated autologous dendritic cells (DC)-based immunotherapy was chosen as an innovative solution for the treatment of breast cancer patients. The treatment results showed that a clinically significant anti-tumour effect was achieved in 73.7% of patients. Median disease-free survival was 8.3 months (95% Cl 6.5-9.9 months), no grade 3-4 complications were recorded, grade 1-2 complications were observed in 57% of patients. The immunological effect in laboratory tests was recorded in 92% of patients. Thus, autologous DCs loaded with cancer/testis antigens can be considered as palliative dendritic vaccine therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have exhausted standard treatment options. Also, the authors presented the results of immunological studies of the prognostic and predictive significance of the immunological response from the perspective of pathomorphology and general immunology, including tumour-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs, CD3, CD4, CD8), their quantitative ratio and correlation with regulatory genes (PD-1, PD- L1, FOX-P3). The results of overall analysis comprising data of 2,148 patients from 9 centers confirmed the strong prognostic role of stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in early triple-negative breast cancer.

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How useful is eap vocabulary for esp? a corpus based case study

10.26686/wgtn.12560402 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

C Sutarsyah ◽

Paul Nation ◽

G Kennedy

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Word List ◽

Academic Vocabulary ◽

Very High Frequency ◽

Academic Texts ◽

The University ◽

General Service ◽

Very High

This study compares the vocabulary of a single Economics text of almost 300,000 running words with the vocabulary of a corpus of similar length made up of a variety of academic texts. It was found that the general academic corpus used a very much larger vocabulary than the more focused Economics text. A small number of words that were closely related to the topic of the text occurred with very high frequency in the Economics text. The general academic corpus had a very large number of low frequency words. Beyond the words in West's General Service List and the University Word List, there was little overlap between the vocabulary of the two corpora. This indicates that as far as vocabulary is concerned, EAP courses that go beyond the high frequency academic vocabulary are of little value for learners with specific purposes. © 1994, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

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