Performance Evaluation of Hard Turning for AISI M2 Die Steel with Coated and Non-Coated CBN Inserts

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 594-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Girishankar ◽  
M. Omkumar
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Finish Turning ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Hard Finish Turning has been Widely Acknowledged as an Excellent Alternative for the Traditional Grinding, Especially it Enables many Intricate Machining Profiles Possible, in a Single Machining Set-up. Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) Inserts are Usually Used for Hard Turning of Superior Hardened Steel Parts to Very High Degree of Accuracy, Geometry and Surface Texture. the Performance of CBN is of Significant Importance for Hard Finish Turning, because of the High Single Cutting Edge Cost. an Array of Experiments are Conducted with Two Different Types of Low Content CBN Insert Grades, 1) Tin Coated Insert CB7015, 2) Non Coated Insert BN250 by Using a Tool Holder MTJNL2525M16 in a LT20 Classic ACE Turning Centre. the Surface Roughness is Inspected by SJ201P Surfinish Mitutoyo Profile Tester. the Parameters Determined during the Experiments are MRR, Ra, and Tool Life in Minutes, Number of Parts Machined. A Satisfactory Match has been Reached by Comparing Mathematical Model Tool Life Using Experimental Data from the General Taylor’s Tool Life Equation and Experimentally Measured Tool Life. the Cost Analysis is Carried out by Gilbert’s Approach Indicates that the Cost Incurred per Part Produced is Lesser in Tin Coated Insert. the Proposed Methodology can Help to Optimise the Hard Finish Turning Process for AISI M2 Die Steel, and Also in Evaluating the Performance of CBN Tin Coated Insert over Non-Coated Insert.

Difference of Cell Morphology on Different Callus Types of Alfalfa

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Hu ◽  
Jing Hui Yang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Induction System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Large Central Vacuole ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Tissue Aging ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hard Type

In order to induce embryo from callus and set up the integral somatic embryo induction system from monoclonal cell, the differences of cell morphology and structure from different types of alfalfa callus were observed and compared by quick section and microscopic examination. The results show that giant callus cells were larger, elongated and yellow-white; loose callus cells were smaller, spherical, soft and yellow-green; hard-type callus cells were round, hard and dark green. The cell volume of giant callus was 4.5 times more than loose callus cells and 9 times more than hard-type callus cells. The biggest change of vacuole number and form were giant callus cells, which had 48%cells of 5-8 big vacuoles. Loose callus cells had 89%cells of 2-4 small vacuoles and hard-type callus cells had 97% cells with one large central vacuole. Loose callus cells had more chloroplast, which were 4.65 times more than giant callus cells. The chloroplast of hard-type callus cells was gathered into groups, which had 3-5 chloroplasts in it. The most nucleuses of giant callus cells and loose callus cells were located in the central of cell and 96.8% nucleus of hard-type callus cells were located on the edge. In hard-type callus cells there were different number of rings, thread and textured ducts. In short, there were lower cell differentiation and clearer vacuolization in giant callus, and high degree of differentiation and tissue aging in hard-type callus. The loose callus was undifferentiated, was lower on vacuolization and apparent on characteristics of embryonic callus, so that it was more suitable for induction of somatic embryos.

scholarly journals Madagascar's grasses and grasslands: anthropogenic or natural?

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20152262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Vorontsova ◽  
Guillaume Besnard ◽  
Félix Forest ◽  
Panagiota Malakasi ◽  
Justin Moat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Terrestrial Biomes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Grasses, by their high productivity even under very low p CO 2 , their ability to survive repeated burning and to tolerate long dry seasons, have transformed the terrestrial biomes in the Neogene and Quaternary. The expansion of grasslands at the cost of biodiverse forest biomes in Madagascar is often postulated as a consequence of the Holocene settlement of the island by humans. However, we show that the Malagasy grass flora has many indications of being ancient with a long local evolutionary history, much predating the Holocene arrival of humans. First, the level of endemism in the Madagascar grass flora is well above the global average for large islands. Second, a survey of many of the more diverse areas indicates that there is a very high spatial and ecological turnover in the grass flora, indicating a high degree of niche specialization. We also find some evidence that there are both recently disturbed and natural stable grasslands: phylogenetic community assembly indicates that recently severely disturbed grasslands are phylogenetically clustered, whereas more undisturbed grasslands tend to be phylogenetically more evenly distributed. From this evidence, it is likely that grass communities existed in Madagascar long before human arrival and so were determined by climate, natural grazing and other natural factors. Humans introduced zebu cattle farming and increased fire frequency, and may have triggered an expansion of the grasslands. Grasses probably played the same role in the modification of the Malagasy environments as elsewhere in the tropics.

scholarly journals Knowledge Integration in Distributed Product Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Rundquist
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
High Degree ◽  
High Representation ◽  
Very High

Research has indicated that small and medium sized firms (SMEs) play an important role in the growth of the economy. However, in order to be able to compete at an international level, most SMEs are bound to work in alliances in order to gather enough knowledge and resources for product and technology development or to be able to penetrate a larger market. Alliances can be formed with different types of actors (i.e., suppliers, customers, agents, universities, consultancies); in the alliance, information and knowledge are gathered and created. Information is defined as "knowledge that can be transmitted without loss of integrity," which includes facts, axiomatic propositions, and symbols. This knowledge can be categorized as domain-specific, procedural, or general. In the present study, a case approach is used to investigate how different types of information and knowledge generated through distributed product development are integrated into the firm, what methods are used, and some conclusions on what methods are more successful for each type of information or knowledge. Results indicate a very high representation of formal information sharing (document exchange) even if there is a high degree of agreement among the respondents that personal meetings and continuous information sharing would be better if they had a system for this. Therefore, the conclusions should lead to systems that address the above problems.

scholarly journals IMMUNOGENIC CANCER-TESTIS ANTIGENS AND THEIR GENES IN MALIGNANT TUMORS

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
P. V. Golyshko ◽  
K. A. Baryshnikov ◽  
A. Yu. Baryshnikov'
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigens ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cancer Testis

The analysis of CTG and CTA expression in malignant tumors described in this review has been showed that different types of tumors are significantly different from each other according to the frequency of CTA mRNA expression. Melanoma, ovarian cancer and lung cancer have a very high frequency of CTA expression. Lymphoma, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer have a low frequency of CTA expression. Breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer demonstrate an intermediate level of CTA expression. High degree malignant tumors in late clinical stage with metastases showed a greater incidence of CTA -gene expression. CTA-genes are expressed together in tumor. If the tumor is positive for one CTA-gene then the expression of several genes is possible. Immunogenic CTA-s are a well object for anti-tumor vaccines creating.

Rural Entrepreneurship in Wintergreen Oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452110072
Author(s):  
Dipesh Karki ◽  
Hari Gopal Risal
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High ◽  
Local Farmers

Wintergreen is a wild herb that grows in the hills of Nepal that can be used for extracting oil which has several medicinal values. It is being sold into premium-value markets in the USA by doTERRA Inc. doTERRA has a co-impact sourcing partnership with the NGO Choice Humanitarian, scouts the local farmers or entrepreneurs and helps them set up the production business. The difference between the price of the final product and the price that local entrepreneurs get is very high. Despite this, the venture has created a new opportunity for local farmers to make large profit as the cost of production is low. However, the business itself has several challenges from scalability and sustainability aspects. Further, the price is set by the single buyer and the market has monopsonist characteristics; hence, the producer has less bargaining power. Despite these challenges, creating a better business environment enables the export of essential oil and that can be a potential foreign currency source for country like Nepal.

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Cecil E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

A Low-Noise, High-Gain Quasi-Millimeter-Wave Receiver MMIC with a Very High Degree of Integration Using 3D-MMIC Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol E94-C (10) ◽  
pp. 1548-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takana KAHO ◽  
Yo YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Kazuhiro UEHARA ◽  
Kiyomichi ARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High ◽  
Millimeter Wave Receiver

PYROTOUGH 78

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Hot Work Die ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
High Degree

Abstract PYROTOUGH 78 is a hot work die steel possessing a high degree of purity, homogeneity and microstructural integrity that produces a good combination of toughness and temper resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating and machining. Filing Code: TS-522. Producer or source: Carpenter.

AGRICULTURAL PERIODICALS OF RUSSIA IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Agriculture Soil ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Advanced Knowledge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

The article deals with the distribution of agricultural periodicals on the territory of the Russian Em-pire in the early twentieth century. Before that there were practically no publications on the pages of sci-entific magazines. Great emphasis is placed on the analysis of agricultural magazines published before 1917 in the Upper Volga region, namely in Vladimir, Kostroma, Tver and Yaroslavl provinces. Thanks to existed in pre-revolutionary Russian periodicals on agricultural subjects advanced knowledge of agron-omy, agriculture, soil science, horticulture, fruit growing, vegetable growing, winemaking, viticulture, 135 tobacco growing, livestock, poultry, bee-keeping, veterinary medicine, forestry, and hunting, land man-agement, irrigation, horse breeding were promoted. On the basis of statistical data, office documentation and other published sources, the author draws conclusions about the degree of accessibility of agricul-tural periodicals for the population, including the peasantry. Availability of agricultural periodicals largely depended on its price, so the author studied the situation with the cost of the annual subscription fee of these publications. The article investigates the issues of periodicity of agricultural magazines and newspapers, the exact number of such publications, as well as their subject matter. Existence duration of different types of periodicals is analyzed, the main publishers of magazines and newspapers, places of their publication are revealed. A prominent place is given to the publishing activities of agricultural pub-lic organizations and zemstvo self-government bodies. It is concluded that natural process of agricultural knowledge distribution among the population of Russia through publications on the pages of periodicals was disrupted by revolutionary events of 1917.

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