Effect of short periods of heat stress during early flowering period on flower development and pyrethrin accumulation in pyrethrum

There are few reports on the reproductive biology of celery, which produces small flowers in a long flowering period. Anther development was analyzed by paraffin sectioning and related genes were examined by transcriptome sequencing and qPCR. The development process was divided into nine stages based on the significant changes in the cell and tissue morphologies. These stages included: archesporial stage, sporogenous cell stage, microspore mother cell stage, dyad and tetrad stage, mononuclear microspore stage, late uninucleate microspore stage, binuclear cell stage, mature pollen stage, and dehiscence stage. A total of 1074 differentially expressed genes were identified by transcriptome sequencing in the early flower bud, middle flower bud, and early flowering period. Functional annotation indicated that these genes were involved in physiological and biochemical processes such as ribosomes metabolism, sugar metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Transcription factors such as C2H2, AP2/ERF, bZIP, WRKY, and MYB played key regulatory roles in anther development and had different regulatory capabilities at various stages. The expression patterns based on qPCR and transcriptome data of the selected transcription factor genes showed consistency, suggesting that these genes played an important role in different flower development stages. These results provide a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of new celery varieties with pollen abortion. Furthermore, they have enriched research on the reproductive biology of celery and the Apiaceae family.

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Exposure to heat stress during flowering period reduces flower yield and pyrethrins in Pyrethrum ( Tanacetum cinerariifolium )

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science ◽

10.1111/jac.12405 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 206 (5) ◽

pp. 565-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dilnee D. Suraweera ◽

Tim Groom ◽

Marc E. Nicolas

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Flower Yield ◽

Tanacetum Cinerariifolium

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Improvement of flowering in Calceolaria by cold treatment and selection.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v26i1.17115 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 106-109

Author(s):

Y.O. Kho ◽

J. Baer

Keyword(s):

Cold Treatment ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Late Flowering

Cold treatment for 4 weeks at 10 deg C resulted in shortening of the uneven flowering period as a consequence of a delay of the early-flowering and an advance of the late-flowering plants. For the selection material used, the effect was notably a delay of the early-flowering plants. The percentage of flowering plants was favourably influenced by cold treatment. The number of simultaneously flowering plants was also increased by selection, although to a lesser extent. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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A Rare New Caladenia species from central Victoria, and its relationship with other recently described taxa in south-eastern Australia

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb9920513 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 513

Author(s):

D Beardsell ◽

C Beardsell

Keyword(s):

Early Flowering ◽

The Other ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Yellow Colour ◽

Pale Yellow ◽

Central Victoria ◽

South Eastern ◽

Greenish Yellow ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Entire Margin

Caladenia xanthochila D. et C. Beardsell is a pale yellow orchid related to Caladenia reticulata FitzG. and Caladenia flavovirens G. Carr, but differs in its smaller flowers, early flowering period, small sections of contiguous purple osmophore glands on sepals, short (0–1.3mm) teeth on the labellum margin, short labellum calli, uniformly pale greenish yellow colour, and extremely hairy ovary, stem and leaf. Its closest relative is C. stellata D. Jones from which it differs in having a wholly pale yellow labellum, swollen tips to the column glands, contiguous osmophore glands, mid-lobe of labellum with entire margin or with extremely short blunt calli, labellum more recurved, and longer trichomes on stem and ovary. Caladenia xanthochila is known from only two localities, one near Inglewood, the other at Murtoa, both in Victoria, and is thus on the verge of extinction.

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Isolation and Functional Characterization of SOC1-like Genes in Prunus mume

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.141.4.315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 141 (4) ◽

pp. 315-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yushu Li ◽

Zongda Xu ◽

Weiru Yang ◽

Tangren Cheng ◽

Jia Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flower Development ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Prunus Mume ◽

Mads Box ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Wide Range ◽

Mads Box Gene

The MADS-box gene SOC1/TM3 (suppressor of overexpression of constans 1/tomato MADS-box gene 3) integrates multiple flowering signals to regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although SOC1-like genes have been isolated from a wide range of plant species, their orthologs are not well characterized in mei (Prunus mume), an important ornamental and fruit plant in east Asia. To better understand the molecular regulation of flower development in mei, we isolated and characterized three putative orthologs of arabidopsis SOC1, including PmSOC1-1, PmSOC1-2, and PmSOC1-3. The phylogenetic tree revealed that these genes fall into different subgroups within the SOC1-like gene group, suggesting distinct functions. PmSOC1-1 and PmSOC1-3 were mainly expressed in vegetative organs and at low expression levels in floral parts of the plants, whereas PmSOC1-2 was expressed only in vegetative organs. Furthermore, the expression level decreased significantly during flower bud differentiation development, suggesting a role for these genes in the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. Overexpression of PmSOC1-1, PmSOC1-2, and PmSOC1-3 in arabidopsis caused early flowering. Early flowering also increased expression levels of four other flowering promoters, agamous-like 24 (AGL24), leafy (LFY), apetala 1 (AP1), and fruitfull (FUL). Moreover, the overexpression of PmSOC1-1 and PmSOC1-2 resulted in a range of floral phenotype changes such as sepals into leaf-like structures, petal color into green, and petal into filament-like structures. These results suggested that the genes PmSOC1-1, PmSOC1-2, and PmSOC1-3 play an evolutionarily conserved role in promoting flowering in mei, and may have distinct roles during flower development. Our findings will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in mei.

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The creation of the domestic varieties of peony using the method of distant hybridization

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v21.821 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 128-132

Author(s):

V. F. Gorobets

Keyword(s):

Selection Method ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Color Purity ◽

Distant Hybridization ◽

State Register ◽

Different Types ◽

Remote Hybridization ◽

The Creation ◽

Donor Characteristics

Aim. The creation of the domestic varieties of herbaceous peonies, early flowering period, with the original shape and color of the flower that are resistant to viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. Methods. To obtain hybrids were used different types of crosses: interspecific, recurrent, polyhybrid, reciprocal. Results. As a result of hybridization was obtained a series of distant hybrids with fundamentally new donor characteristics in the structure, originality and color purity of the flower, which had not met in varieties of P. lactiflora. Especially valuable is the fact that in selected hybrids of these qualities combined with very early and early flowering. Conclusions. Discovered large the forming capabilities of the distant hybridization, which are not only in the combination of useful traits of the original forms, but also the emergence of many new, not peculiar to the parent. The nature and amplitude of variability depends on the combinations of crosses. In the State register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine included 32 varieties of peony breeding NBG, 26 of them were created using the selection method of distant hybridization. Keywords: selection, variety, species, a gene pool, the remote hybridization.

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Breeding for Early Flowering in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) – A Key Strategy to Accelerate Chickpea Productivity: A Review

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1230304 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 271-285

Author(s):

Aswini Nunavath ◽

K. Gopala Krishna Murthy ◽

Venkatraman Hegde ◽

S. Madhusudan Reddy

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Drought And Heat Stress ◽

100 Seed Weight

Chickpea is one of the most important pulse crop cultivated across the globe which is conventionally a low-input crop that is being cultivated mostly in moisture deficient rainfed environments during post-rainy season. The crop is being severely affected with various biotic and abiotic stresses among which, drought and heat stress are considered as serious constraints limiting chickpea productivity in sub-tropical regions. Several strategies were adopted to enhance the productivity under drought and heat stress environments among which, the development of early flowering varieties is one of the key strategies gaining importance in recent past. Some of the early / super early varieties like ICCV 2, JG 11, JG 14, KAK 2, JAKI 9218, ICCV 96029 and ICCV 96030 were developed during the last three decades. One of the most significant milestones in breeding for early varieties is the identification of four genes efl-1, efl-2, efl-3 and efl-4 governing early flowering by using various lines viz., ICCV 2, ICCV 96029, ICC 5810, BGD 132 and ICC 16641. Several QTLs controlling time of flowering were also mapped on linkage groups LG1, LG2, LG3, LG4, LG5, LG6 and LG8. The information on inheritance of time of flowering, correlation between early flowering with other yield attributing traits like number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed size, 100-seed weight, identified QTLs for early flowering and abiotic and biotic stresses tolerance may be useful for developing early maturing varieties that posses tolerance to various abiotic stresses by using different conventional and biotechnological approaches.

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