Sexual reproduction in Garcinia indica with special reference to various floral types, pollen structure, pollen viability and pollen germination on stigmatic surface

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
M. Dike ◽  
M. Deodhar
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Garcinia Indica

scholarly journals Pollen Germination in Different Genotypes of Gladiolus

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Tul Bahadur Poon ◽  
TM Rao ◽  
C Aswath ◽  
PE Rajasekharan ◽  
DP Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Hybrid Selection ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Germinated Pollen

Fresh pollen of 16 promising genotypes of gladiolus was tested for their pollen viability. Modified cellophane method was employed to assess the pollen viability. Pollen germination media consisted of 15% sucrose supplemented with 300 ppm calcium nitrate, 200 ppm magnesium sulphate, 100 ppm potassium nitrate and 100 ppm boric acid. Highly significant variations were observed for percentage of pollen germination, non-germinated pollen and sterile pollen. The highest pollen germination (76.41%) was in genotype Hybrid selection 88-10-22, and did not differ significantly from Gladiolus callianthus (75.41%), Sapna (75.10 %), Hybrid selection 86-32-11, (73.28 %), Kum Kum (69.41%), Poonam (69.22 %), Hybrid selection 87-22-1 (67.87 %), Hybrid selection 87-1-1 (67.61 %), Psittacinus hybrid (64.64%) and Darshan (63.97%). The lowest non- germinated pollen (10.47%) was in genotype Gladiolus callianthus, and insignificantly followed by Hybrid selection 88-10-22 with 18.77 % and Hybrid selection 87-22-1 with 18.95 %. The lowest percentage of sterile pollen was noticed in genotype Sapna (2.82%) followed by Poonam with 4.00 % Hybrid selection 88-10-22 with 4.82% and Hybrid selection 82-11-27 with 5.22%. Key words: Gladiolus; germination; pollen DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4089Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 47-50

Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Malumpong ◽  
S. Cheabu ◽  
C. Mongkolsiriwatana ◽  
W. Detpittayanan ◽  
A. Vanavichit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Plant Parts

AbstractThe reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes of Hsf genes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of six HsfA genes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of the HsfA2a gene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.

scholarly journals Biology of Flowering, Fruit and Viability of Pollen of Varieties and Forms of Quince Cultivated on the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
L. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Abstract. The zones of distribution of varieties and forms of quince on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been established, phenological observations have been carried out, their flowering and fruiting have been studied. On the territory of the Autonomous Republic, flowering of varieties and forms of quince begins in the second decade of April, depending on the distribution zone, with an average daily temperature of 12–13 °C and lasts 12–13 days, depending on weather conditions. Each flower has 10–12 stamens arranged in one row. The article also studied the viability of pollen in a number of quince varieties. Pollen viability was studied in the varieties Sary, Tursh, Ordubad, Gara and wild forms. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Pollen germinates in 2–5–10–15 and 20% glucose solution. Counting of germinated pollen grains was carried out under a microscope. The study showed that of all the experimental varieties, the pollen fertility of the Sary quince and Tursh quince varieties is high (up to 96.6–97.1%). The best medium for the germination of quince pollen is a 10–15% glucose solution. Pollen germination in this solution reaches 47.4–88.0%. In distilled water (control), the germination of quince pollen reached from 9.7% to 35.6% for varieties. Quince pollen remains viable for 31–43 days.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Boron to Almond Trees Affects Pollen Quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M.S. Nyomora ◽  
P.H. Brown ◽  
K. Pinney ◽  
V.S. Polito
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Mature Trees

The effect of boron (B) on in vivo and in vitro development of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb (syn. P. amygdalus Batsch)] pollen and pollen tubes and the resultant effect on fruit set was studied in mature trees. The cultivars Mono (pistil donor) and Butte (pollinizer) in an orchard with low soil B in Fresno, California were sprayed with B at 0, 0.8, 1.7, or 2.5 kg·ha-1 during Fall 1993. Pollen viability as indicated by the fluorescein diacetate method (FDA) was >85% and was not affected by field-applied B, however, in vivo pollen germination and tube growth were enhanced by foliar-applied B. More effect of applied B on in vivo growth appeared as pollen tubes progressed toward the ovary. For in vitro germination, foliar-applied B reduced bursting of tubes, and addition of B to the culture media significantly increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Few-Layer Graphene on the Sexual Reproduction of Seed Plants: An In Vivo Study with Cucurbita pepo L.

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1877
Author(s):  
Davide Zanelli ◽  
Fabio Candotto Carniel ◽  
Marina Garrido ◽  
Lorenzo Fortuna ◽  
Massimo Nepi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

Products containing graphene-related materials (GRMs) are becoming quite common, raising concerns for environmental safety. GRMs have varying effects on plants, but their impact on the sexual reproduction process is largely unknown. In this study, the effects of few-layer graphene (FLG) and a similarly layered phyllosilicate, muscovite mica (MICA), were tested in vivo on the reproductive structures, i.e., pollen and stigma, of Cucurbita pepo L. ssp. pepo ‘greyzini’ (summer squash, zucchini). Pollen was exposed to FLG or MICA, after careful physical-chemical characterization, at concentrations of 0.5 and 2 mg of nanomaterial (NM) per g of pollen for up to six hours. Following this, pollen viability was tested. Stigmas were exposed to FLG or MICA for three hours and then analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy to verify possible alterations to their surface. Stigmas were then hand-pollinated to verify the effects of the two NMs on pollen adhesion and in vivo pollen germination. FLG and MICA altered neither pollen viability nor the stigmatic surface. However, both NMs equivalently decreased pollen adhesion and in vivo germination compared with untreated stigmas. These effects deserve further attention as they could impact on production of fruits and seeds. Importantly, it was shown that FLG is as safe as a naturally occurring nanomaterial.

Pollen–pistil interaction, pistil histology and seed production in A×B grain sorghum crosses under chilling field temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. CISNEROS-LÓPEZ ◽  
L. E. MENDOZA-ONOFRE ◽  
H. A. ZAVALETA-MANCERA ◽  
V. A. GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
G. MORA-AGUILERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Diameter

SUMMARYSix pairs of isogenic lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) were sown in field plots in Montecillo, State of México (2240 m altitude), in 2005 and 2006. Crosses A (♀)×B (♂) were done in each pair. In A-lines, the length of pistil, stigma, style and ovary, as well as the ovary width, were measured. In B-lines, pollen diameter, viability (cytoplasm density) and production were evaluated. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in the pistils of the A-lines, were quantified in vivo with aniline blue and epifluorescence 18 h after pollination (HAP), while fertilized pistils were counted at 96 HAP. Histological studies on both pollinated and non-pollinated pistils were performed in one male-sterile line. Seed yield, mean-seed weight, seeds per panicle and seed set (SS; seeds/flower/panicle) were determined at harvest. Pollen viability was the variable most related to pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Stigma receptivity was not associated with its morphology. Growth of the pollen tube in stigma, style and ovary was observed in the transmitting tissue 18 HAP, running parallel to the vascular tissue. Yield under chilling field temperatures (minimum average of 6 and 8°C) prevailing during flower development and pollination ranged from 7 to 12 g/panicle. The differences in seed production and SS among A×B crosses did not depend on the amount and viability of pollen.

scholarly journals Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Devasirvatham ◽  
Pooran M. Gaur ◽  
Nalini Mallikarjuna ◽  
Raju N. Tokachichu ◽  
Richard M. Trethowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Controlled Environments

High temperature during the reproductive stage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major cause of yield loss. The objective of this research was to determine whether that variation can be explained by differences in anther and pollen development under heat stress: the effect of high temperature during the pre- and post-anthesis periods on pollen viability, pollen germination in a medium, pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth and pod set in a heat-tolerant (ICCV 92944) and a heat-sensitive (ICC 5912) genotype was studied. The plants were evaluated under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions in controlled environments. High temperature stress (29/16°C to 40/25°C) was gradually applied at flowering to study pollen viability and stigma receptivity including flower production, pod set and seed number. This was compared with a non-stress treatment (27/16°C). The high temperatures reduced pod set by reducing pollen viability and pollen production per flower. The ICCV 92944 pollen was viable at 35/20°C (41% fertile) and at 40/25°C (13% fertile), whereas ICC 5912 pollen was completely sterile at 35/20°C with no in vitro germination and no germination on the stigma. However, the stigma of ICC 5912 remained receptive at 35/20°C and non-stressed pollen (27/16°C) germinated on it during reciprocal crossing. These data indicate that pollen grains were more sensitive to high temperature than the stigma in chickpea. High temperature also reduced pollen production per flower, % pollen germination, pod set and seed number.

Development of pollen germination medium to test pollen viability of eggplant and its wild species

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
P. Jayaprakash ◽  
D Sheeba ◽  
V.K. Vikas ◽  
M Sivasamy ◽  
T. Sabesan
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Germination Medium ◽  
Pollen Germination Medium

scholarly journals In VitroPollen Viability and Pollen Germination in Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasusL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melekber Sulusoglu ◽  
Aysun Cavusoglu
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Cherry Laurel ◽  
Better Than

Pollen quality is important for growers and breeders. This study was carried out to determinein vitropollen viability and pollen germination in seven genotypes of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasusL.). Two pollen viability tests, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) and IKI (iodine potassium iodide), were used. Pollen traits of genotypes were studied using anin vitromedium containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% sucrose to determine the best sucrose concentrations for germination. In the second step, the germinated pollen was counted 1, 4, 6, 10, 12, 24, and 48 hours later until there was no further germination. The viability rates were different according to genotypes and tests used. The IKI and TTC staining tests and pollen germination had low correlation (r2= 0.0614 andr2= 0.0015, resp.). Painted pollen rate was higher and pollen was well-stained with IKI test and pollen viability estimated with TTC staining test was better than that estimated with the IKI staining test. 15% sucrose gave the best germination rates in most of the genotypes. Pollen germination rates were recorded periodically from one hour to 48 hours in 15% sucrose and the results showed that pollen germination rates increased after 6 hours of being placed in culture media.

Pollen longevity in birch (Betula)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Alam ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Pollen Longevity

To carry out reciprocal crosses between birch species which vary by several weeks in their time of anthesis, the period of pollen viability has been determined for three species, Betula populifolia, B. cordifolia, and B. papyrifera. Pollen viability decreased from 85–95% at the time collected to 32–44% after being stored at room temperature (23–27 °C) for 30 days and to 1.0–1.5% after 60 days. In contrast, pollen germination for pollen stored at 2–5 °C for 105 days fell only to 46.0% for B. populifolia and 20.5% and 21.5% for B. cordifolia and B. papyrifera, respectively.

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