scholarly journals QUANTIFICATION OF ECTOPIC FAT DEPOTS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
A. N. Kokov ◽  
N. K. Brel ◽  
V. L. Masenko ◽  
O. V. Gruzdeva ◽  
Yu. A. Dyleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Area And Volume

Purpose of the study. A comprehensive quantification of ectopic fat depots using modern methods of radiation diagnosis in patients with ischemic heart disease. Patients and methods. The study included 76 patients with a verified diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The control group consisted of 32 people without clinical manifestations of IHD. All patients to assess the area and volume of visceral adipose tissue, as well as measuring the volume of paraaortic adipose tissue at the level of the abdominal aorta were performed multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) at the level of L3–L5 vertebrae. In order to visualize and morphometry pericoronary and paraaortic adipose tissue at the level of the thoracic aorta, patients in both groups were performed MSCT angiography of the coronary arteries with ECG synchronization. To visualize the epicardial fat depot with an assessment of the thickness of the adipose tissue layer, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart was performed. Results. During the comparative analysis, significantly higher values of quantitative indicators of the main ectopic fat depots were noted in patients with coronary artery disease. Estimation of the prevalence of obesity according to BMI data in the compared groups showed no significant differences. Considering the standard values of the area and volume of visceral adipose tissue, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in the group of patients with IHD. Conducted correlation analysis showed the relationship of quantitative indicators of ectopic visceral, para-aortic and epicardial fat depots. Moreover, in the group of patients with IHD, stronger correlations were found between the fat depots of different localization (r = 0,71, p = 0,013 in group with IHD and r = 0,59, p = 0,039 in group without IND). Conclusion. Modern tomographic methods allow for a comprehensive quantification of ectopic fat depots. Significantly higher morphometry indices of the studied fat depots in patients with coronary artery disease demonstrate the need to develop a unified diagnostic algorithm for reliable stratification of cardiometabolic risk.

Expression of adipocytokine in heart fat depots depending on the degree of coronary artery atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Gruzdeva ◽  
Yulia A. Dyleva ◽  
Ekaterina V. Belik ◽  
Olga E. Akbasheva ◽  
Daria A. Borodkinа ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Artery Disease

Background. In coronary artery disease, a change in the adipocytokine content of local fat depots of the heart is observed. However, it has not yet been established whether the expression levels of the studied parameters are really related to the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the spacecraft. Aims to identify the features of the expression of adiponectin, leptin and IL-6 by adipocytes of epicardial, perivascular and subcutaneous adipose tissue depending on the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary channel in coronary heart disease. Materials and methods. The study conducted at the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease in 20172020, included 84 patients with coronary heart disease (CAD), of which 39 with a moderate degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary artery (CA) ( 22 points on the SYNTAX Score scale), 20 with severe (2331 points) and 25 with extremely severe ( 32 points). Biopsies of subcutaneous (SAT), epicardial (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) were obtained during elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The expression of adipocytokine genes was determined using polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) using TaqMan probes and the concentration of the studied adipocytokines in adipocyte culture medium by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 9.0, a one-dimensional and multi-dimensional logistic regression analysis. Results. In CAD in adipocytes of the cardiac fat depot, a shift in the balance of adipocytokines is observed towards increased expression and secretion of leptin, IL-6 and a decrease in adiponectin with maximum manifestation in severe and extremely severe coronary lesions. Adipocytes of EAT were characterized by the minimal expression of the adiponectin gene against the background of the maximum leptin and IL-6 in comparison with adipocytes SAT and PVAT. Conclusions. Low expression of the adiponectin in EAT and PVAT against the background of increased expression of leptin and IL-6 is associated with an increase in the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary channel.

scholarly journals Expression of adipocytokine genes and their content in various adipose tissue sites in patients with heart diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Gruzdeva ◽  
Yulia Dyleva ◽  
Ekaterina Belik ◽  
Daria Borodkina ◽  
Maxim Sinitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine and paracrine organ that synthesizes biologically active adipocytokines, which affect inflammation, fibrosis, and atherogenesis. Epicardial and perivascular fat depots are of great interest owing to potential effects on the myocardium and blood vessels. Objective To assess expression and secretion of adipocytokine genes in adipose tissue in patients coronary artery disease (CAD) and patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. Methods The study included 84 patients with CAD and 50 patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. Adipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous (SAT), epicardial (EAT), and perivascular AT (PVAT) samples. Isolated adipocytes were cultured for 24 h after which, gene expression and secretion levels of selected adipokines and cytokines in the culture medium were determined. Results The study parameters differed depending on the adipose tissue location. EAT adipocytes in CAD patients were characterized by a pronounced imbalance in the adipokine system. EAT had the lowest adiponectin gene expression and secretion, regardless of nosology and high expression levels of the leptin gene, its receptor, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. High leptin and IL-6 levels resulted in increased pro-inflammatory activity, as observed in both EAT and PVAT adipocytes, especially in individuals with coronary artery disease. Conclusion The "protective" potential of adipose tissue depends on its location.

scholarly journals Epicardial Adipose Tissue Reflects the Presence of Coronary Artery Disease: Comparison with Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Oikawa ◽  
Takashi Owada ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamauchi ◽  
Tomofumi Misaka ◽  
Hirofumi Machii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Calcification ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depot

Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with a risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to examine whether different types of adipose tissue depot may play differential roles in the progression of CAD. Consecutive 174 patients who underwent both computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography were analyzed. Cardiac and abdominal CT scans were performed to measure epicardial and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (EAT and abdominal VAT, resp.). Out of 174 patients, 109 and 113 patients, respectively, presented coronary calcification (CC) and coronary atheromatous plaque (CP). The EAT and abdominal VAT areas were larger in patients with CP compared to those without it. Interestingly, the EAT area was larger in patients with CC compared to those without CC, whereas no difference was observed in the abdominal VAT area between patients with CC and those without. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of echocardiographic EAT was an independent predictor of CP and CC, but the abdominal VAT area was not. These results suggest that EAT and abdominal VAT may play differential pathological roles in CAD. Given the importance of CC and CP, we should consider the precise assessment of CAD when echocardiographic EAT is detected.

scholarly journals Chronic inflammation in psoriasis promotes visceral adipose tissue association with lipid-rich necrotic core through atherogenic myeloid score

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Manyak ◽  
N H Patel ◽  
A K Dey ◽  
M Svirydava ◽  
P Parel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Necrotic Core ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background/Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with adipose dysfunction and high-risk coronary artery disease features, including non-calcified coronary burden (NCB) and lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolically-active depot that secretes inflammatory and proatherogenic factors, and is associated with increased NCB. Additionally, an atherogenic myeloid score (AMS) comprised of classical monocytes, low-density granulocytes, and platelets was shown to associate with psoriasis severity and NCB. Purpose To investigate the relationship between VAT and high-risk plaque features and test whether this relationship was potentially mediated by myeloid cells. Methods A cohort of 131 psoriasis patients were included in this study. Atherogenic myeloid score components were calculated using complete blood count data (platelets) and by flow cytometry (monocytes, LDGs). Coronary NCB and LRNC were quantified using QAngio and vascuCAP respectively. VAT was defined as intra-abdominal fat and was quantified using an automated contouring software with abdominal CT scans. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 12. Results The cohort was middle-aged 50 (42–61) (median (IQR)), and predominantly male (61%). High VAT vs low VAT groups differed significantly in their NCB ((0.910±0.279) vs (1.431±0.517)); p<0.001), (mean ± SD). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, VAT associated with the atherogenic myeloid score (β=0.221, p=0.044), with LRNC (β=0.128, p=0.047), and atherogenic myeloid score associated with LRNC (β=0.161, p=0.003). The relationship of VAT to LRNC was partially mediated by atherogenic myeloid score (25.14%, p=0.029) (Figure 1). Conclusions VAT associated with LRNC, and this relationship was partially mediated by the atherogenic myeloid score. These findings suggest that bioactive VAT may impart risk on coronary artery disease in part through myeloid cells. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Intramural Research Program in Bethesda, Maryland Figure 1. Log-transformed atherogenic myeloid score partially mediates the relationship between VAT and log-transformed LRNC. Adjusted by Framingham Risk Score, PASI score, biologic therapy, statin therapy, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and subcutaneous adipose tissue volume. Red arrow: represents indirect effect; Beta: standard regression coefficient.

scholarly journals Associations of adipocytokine expression and cardiovascular risk factors in stable coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 4318
Author(s):  
E. V. Belik ◽  
O. V. Gruzdeva ◽  
Yu. A. Dyleva ◽  
D. A. Borodkina ◽  
M. Yu. Sinitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Artery Disease

Aim. To determine the expression of adiponectin, leptin and I interleukin-6 (IL-6) in subcutaneous, epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue, depending on the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.Material and methods. The study included 90 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Samples of adipose tissue were obtained during surgery. The levels of matrix ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of the studied adipocytokines were determined in the presence/absence of the main cardiovascular risk factors.Results. Differences in the expression of genes of the studied adipocytokines in different sex and age groups of patients were revealed, depending on the tissue belonging of adipocytes. Expression of adiponectin in the epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue (EАT and PVAT, respectively), as well as of leptin in the PVAT was less pronounced in men. However, the level of IL-6 mRNA in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of men was three times higher than in women, and in the PVAT it was lower. The maximum expression of leptin and IL-6 in the EAT and PVAT was found in persons aged 50-59 years. The presence of dyslipidemia is associated with a decrease in the expression of adiponectin in the EAT, PVAT, and IL-6 in the PVAT. In patients with hypertension (HTN), there was a low level of adiponectin mRNA in the EAT against the background of high leptin levels in the EAT and IL-6 in SAT and EAT. In hypertension with a duration of more than 20 years, there was a decrease in adiponectin expression and an increase in leptin in all types of AT. In smokers, an increase in the expression of adiponectin in the SAT, EAT, PVAT and leptin in the SAT, EAT was found.Conclusion. Associations of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with imbalance of adipocytokines of local fat depots in patients with CAD were revealed. The detected imbalance is manifested by a decrease in the expression of cardioprotective adiponectin in the EAT, PVAT, an increase in leptin and IL-6, which is an unfavorable sign. The presence of such risk factors as male sex, age of 50-59 years, dyslipidemia and hypertension in patients can enhance atherogenesis and contribute to the further progression of CAD.

Abstract 025: Multidetector Computed Tomography Adipose Tissue Depots and Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A Britton ◽  
Joseph M Massaro ◽  
Joanne M Murabito ◽  
Udo Hoffmann ◽  
Caroline S Fox
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Incident Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Pericardial Fat ◽  
Fat Depots

Introduction: Ectopic fat depots may play a role in obesity-mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD). We tested the association of several distinct fat depots and incident CVD in an asymptomatic community-based sample. Methods: Participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n=3086, 49% women, mean age 50.2 years, free of CVD at baseline) underwent volumetric assessment of multiple fat depots using multidetector computed tomography from 2002–2005, and were followed longitudinally for CVD events. Fat depots included subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), pericardial adipose tissue, intra-thoracic adipose tissue and thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (TAT). Adipose volumes were standardized within sex to a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Cardiovascular events included coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency or angina), cerebrovascular disease (stroke or transient ischemic attack), intermittent claudication, heart failure or CVD death. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we examined the association of each fat depot with the risk of CVD after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, and then additionally for BMI. We additionally examined the association of pericardial fat and incident coronary heart disease. Results: During a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, 90 CVD events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, VAT, VAT/SAT ratio, intra-thoracic fat and TAT were significantly associated with incident CVD events. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) per each standard deviation higher were 1.37 (1.10–1.71, p=0.006 [VAT]), 1.30 (1.05–1.60, p=0.02 [VAT/SAT ratio]), 1.28 (1.03–1.59, p=0.03 [intra-thoracic fat]), and 1.30 (1.03–1.67, p=0.03 [TAT]), respectively. We observed no association between BMI (HR 1.15, 0.92–1.43, p=0.21), SAT (HR 1.13, 0.90–1.42, p=0.28) or pericardial fat (HR 1.14, 0.95–1.37, p=0.15) and incident CVD. After additional adjustment for BMI, VAT, VAT/SAT ratio and TAT remained significantly associated with incident CVD events [HR 1.44 (1.08–1.92, p=0.01 [VAT]), 1.34 (1.08–1.65, p=0.007 [VAT/SAT ratio]), and 1.31 (1.03–1.67, p=0.03 [TAT])], respectively. Pericardial fat was also not associated with incident coronary heart disease, even when limiting our events to myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease death (HR 0.97, p=0.81). Conclusion: Several distinct ectopic fat depots, including VAT, VAT/SAT ratio, intra-thoracic fat, and TAT, but not generalized obesity, are significantly associated with CVD events after adjustment for risk factors in our community-based sample. These findings support the growing recognition of several potentially pathogenic ectopic fat depots.

scholarly journals The Plasma Metabolomic Profile is Differently Associated with Liver Fat, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Pancreatic Fat

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. e118-e129
Author(s):  
Lars Lind ◽  
Samira Salihovic ◽  
Ulf Risérus ◽  
Joel Kullberg ◽  
Lars Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Context Metabolic differences between ectopic fat depots may provide novel insights to obesity-related diseases. Objective To investigate the plasma metabolomic profiles in relation to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and liver and pancreas fat percentages. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Multicenter at academic research laboratories. Patients Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess VAT volume, the percentage of fat in the liver and pancreas (proton density fat fraction [PDFF]) at baseline in 310 individuals with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 and with serum triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/l and/or type 2 diabetes screened for inclusion in the 2 effect of omega-3 carboxylic acid on liver fat content studies. Intervention None. Main Outcome Measure Metabolomic profiling with mass spectroscopy enabled the determination of 1063 plasma metabolites. Results Thirty metabolites were associated with VAT volume, 31 with liver PDFF, and 2 with pancreas PDFF when adjusting for age, sex, total body fat mass, and fasting glucose. Liver PDFF and VAT shared 4 metabolites, while the 2 metabolites related to pancreas PDFF were unique. The top metabolites associated with liver PDFF were palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:0/16:1), dihydrosphingomyelin (d18:0/22:0), and betaine. The addition of these metabolites to the Liver Fat Score improved C-statistics significantly (from 0.776 to 0.861, P = 0.0004), regarding discrimination of liver steatosis. Conclusion Liver PDFF and VAT adipose tissue shared several metabolic associations, while those were not shared with pancreatic PDFF, indicating partly distinct metabolic profiles associated with different ectopic fat depots. The addition of 3 metabolites to the Liver Fat Score improved the prediction of liver steatosis.

scholarly journals Predominance of Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Reflects the Presence of Aortic Valve Calcification

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Oikawa ◽  
Takashi Owada ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamauchi ◽  
Tomofumi Misaka ◽  
Hirofumi Machii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Calcification ◽  
Net Reclassification Improvement ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background. Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is a common feature of aging and is related to coronary artery disease. Although abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays fundamental roles in coronary artery disease, the relationship between abdominal VAT and AVC is not fully understood.Methods. We investigated 259 patients who underwent cardiac and abdominal computed tomography (CT). AVC was defined as calcified lesion on the aortic valve by CT. %abdominal VAT was calculated as abdominal VAT area/total adipose tissue area.Results. AVC was detected in 75 patients, and these patients showed higher %abdominal VAT (44% versus 38%,p<0.05) compared to those without AVC. When the cutoff value of %abdominal VAT was set at 40.9%, the area under the curve to diagnose AVC was 0.626. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 1.120, 95% CI 1.078–1.168,p<0.01), diabetes (OR 2.587, 95% CI 1.323–5.130,p<0.01), and %abdominal VAT (OR 1.032, 95% CI 1.003–1.065,p<0.05) were independent risk factors for AVC. The net reclassification improvement value for detecting AVC was increased when %abdominal VAT was added to the model: 0.5093 (95% CI 0.2489–0.7697,p<0.01).Conclusion. We determined that predominance of VAT is associated with AVC.

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