scholarly journals Application of the L-Moment Method when Modelling the Income Distribution in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bílková ◽  
Ivana Malá
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Lognormal Distribution ◽  
Moment Method ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
L Moments ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

This paper deals with modelling income distributions in the Czech Republic in 1992–2007. The net annual income per capita for Czech households is evaluated from data based on the microcensus and the EU-SILC 2005–2008. For all analysed years the distribution of incomes was estimated in the whole sample as well as in the subgroup of households, whose heads are physicists (or experts in related sciences), architects and engineers. Inthe paper the three-parametric lognormal distribution is used as a model. Unknownparameters are estimated with the use of four methods – those of maximum likelihood, quantiles, moments and L-moments.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Czech viniculture to the conditions of the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 509-520
Author(s):  
P. Tomšík ◽  
J. Sedlo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Total Acreage ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Maximum Development ◽  
The Eu

In the Czech Republic, the sector of viniculture tried to use the period before the entry into the European Union (1<sup>st</sup>May 2005) for the maximum development of resources needed for its both quantitative and qualitative advancement. The legislation concerning this sector was changed and harmonised with the legislation of the EU. The total acreage of vineyards was expanded and another 7 thousand hectares were planted. The size of business units changed as well. For the time being, the production potential of this industry is 19.3 thousand ha of vineyards, more than 18 thousand wine growers were registered and there are nearly 600 producers of wine. In this sector, there are approximately 20 thousand jobs and the consumption of wine is gradually increasing and equals 16.5 litres per capita per year. As far as the prices of grapes are concerned, it was found out that they were relatively stable in the period under study and that the price of blue varietals is higher than that of white ones. The Czech wine import is constantly higher than the export, both in volume and financial value.

scholarly journals Modelling the Income Distributions in the Czech Republic since 1992

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bílková ◽  
Ivana Malá
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this article is to study incomes in the Czech Republic and their development since 1992. The net annual per capita income of Czech households is analysed for all households and their respective subpopulations. Data from the microcensus 1992, 1996, 2002, and EU-SILC 2005–2008 surveys carried out by the Czech Statistical Office are used. The subpopulations are defined by a household’s location (Bohemia or Moravia), and education and age of the head of the household in order to compare the distributions ofthe income in Bohemia and Moravia and to quantify the impact of education and age on incomes. The three-parameter lognormal distribution is chosen as a probability distribution to model the per capita income distribution for the whole population and for subpopulations. To estimate the unknown parameters, the maximum likelihood method and that of L-moments are employed. The medians of equalised incomes are given for the EU members and the average growth in the 2004–2007 period is compared. For the Czech Republic, a comparison of the medians of per capita and equivalised income is made.

scholarly journals Entry Into the Common Market of the European Union in Terms of Czech Republic’s Foreign Trade with Dairy Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of the Czech foreign trade in milk and milk products and specify the typical features and consequences within its territorial and commodity structure using a specific system of indicators intended to show a relevant image on the topic. The analysis covers the period between 1999 and 2015 and are interpreted in the context of changes of the business environment that have occurred in the last two decades, particularly in relation to the Czech Republic’s entry into the European Union. Throughout the studied period, the Czech Republic revealed a positive balance of trade in milk and dairy products, as well as favourable values of TC index (value of coverage of import by export). The dynamics of the territorial structure of export and import is embodied in the overall trade dynamics between the Czech Republic and countries of EU-28. The Czech Republic’s entry into the EU common market, however, led to a change in the trading milk product structure. As a negative is regarded the fact that the structure of Czech export to the EU countries has changed and that is mainly concentrated on basic raw milk or dairy products of the first phase of processing with relatively low added value.

scholarly journals Food Self Sufficiency in Selected Crops in the Czech Republic and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kotyza ◽  
Josef Slaboch
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The Self ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Eu

Being a member of the EU, today the Czech Republic is not entirely dependent on domestic production of food and farming commodities. Since borders inside the EU are open, particular commodities can flow without any tariff measures. But food self-sufficiency belongs to internal factors of national security and therefore it deserves sufficient attention. The aim of this article is to evaluate, based on an analysis, the self-sufficiency rate of the Czech Republic and Poland in selected commodities of crop production between marketing years 2000/2001–2009/2010, with special attention to the most important and cultivated commodities – basic cereals, oilseeds, corn and potatoes. Based on analyses of self-sufficiency rate it can be concluded, that both countries can be considered as stabilised with restpect to rate of self-sufficency of selected crops – none of the presented groups falls under 80%. For most described commodities the trend of self-sufficiency rate in the Czech Republic and Poland is stabilised or growing. Only production of potatoes is coming close to critical treshhold in CZ, therefore national strategies should be put in place to maintain the self-sufficiency rate above the critical limit. After an analysis of internation trade it can be concluded that the Czech Republic is specialised exporter of not-processed commodities but country significantly falls behind Poland in competitiveness of processing of commodities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the adequacy of government minimum wage valorization policy in the Czech Republic in 2017 in the European context

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pernica
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Workforce Productivity

Research background: The government of the Czech Republic has agreed to an increase in the minimum monthly wage as of the beginning of 2017 to 11,000 CZK, which represents a year-over-year increase of over 11 %. The government is thus fulfilling its objective set out in February 2014 and stipulated in the Government Statement of Purpose, i.e. to approximate the minimum wage to 40 % of average wages. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to assess the adequacy of the Government Minimum Wage Valorization Policy, in particular from two points of view. Firstly, in view of selected macroeconomic indicators in the Czech Republic — the development of consumer prices, average gross wages, economic growth and workforce productivity. Secondly, in comparison with other EU member states which have introduced the institution of a minimum wage. Methods: In order to assess the adequacy of government policy to improve the social protection of the rights of the working population, a background research was conducted into the literature of important studies on the effects of minimum wages on unemployment, while the development of average gross wages in the CR, the minimum monthly wages in the CR and the Kaitz index were also analyzed. Furthermore, an evaluation of selected macroeconomic indicators in the Czech Republic was performed by means of time lines and the percentage representation of employees in the individual gross wage bands according to sex and type of economic activity. Last, but not least, a comparison was made of minimum wages, real gross domestic product per capita and workforce productivity in Euros and in purchasing power standards between the Czech Republic and countries which have enacted the institution of minimum wages. Findings and Value added: The minimum wage in the Czech Republic is the fifth lowest in the EU. In the long term, it is earned by approximately 3% of employees, which is less than the rate common in other EU countries. Currently, the amount of the minimum wage is below the threshold of income poverty. In comparison with the GDP per capita in PPS and real labour productivity per person employed in other EU countries, the position of the Czech Republic is significantly better, although other EU countries offer higher minimum wages. The decision of the current government to significantly increase the minimum wage as of 2017 is correct.

scholarly journals Strategic development of varietal vineyards in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Sedlo ◽  
Pavel Tomšík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Current Production ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Eu

The paper describes strategic changes in the structure of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties grown in the Czech Republic. In 2004–2005, (i.e. after the admission of the Czech Republic into the EU) expenditures associated with restructuralisation and transformation of vineyards amounted for CZK 25,423 thous. The authors examine the development taking place in this domain within the last 50 years (i.e. from 1960 to 2010) and pay detailed attention to the period of 1989 to 2010. The paper analyses reasons of these changes and tries to describe the future development expected after 2010. The current production potential of the Czech Republic are 19,633.45 hectares of vineyards. For the time being, there are in average 1.07 wine growers per hectare of vineyards. As compared with 1960, the acreage of vineyards has doubled up and the number of the most frequent varieties has also increased. Within the period of 1989–1990, four varieties (i.e. Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling and Sankt Laurent) occupied more than 60 % of the total vineyards area in the Czech Republic, whereas at present there are altogether 8 varieties (Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling, Rhein Riesling, Sauvignon, Sankt Laurent, Blaufrankish, and Zweigeltrebe) at the nearly the same acreage.As far as the percentages of Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling and Sankt Laurent varieties is concerned, it is anticipated that their acreages will further decrease, whereas those of Rhein Riesling, Sauvignon, Blaufrankish and Zweigeltrebe are expected to grow. The industry is under pressure of all Porter’s five forces of competition from external sources.

How the Hard Right “Europeanized” Homosexuality

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-83
Author(s):  
Conor O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Lgbt Issues ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Eu

This chapter presents a framework for understanding the consequences of hard-right electoral breakthrough for the framing of homosexuality and LGBT rights. It begins by describing the extant framings of homosexuality under late communism in Poland and the Czech Republic. It then compares how the differing electoral success of hard-right political parties over the course of the EU accession process led to differing degrees of reframing homosexuality in both countries. In Poland, hard-right mobilization transformed the framing of LGBT rights by linking them with EU accession, which it portrayed as a threat to national identity. Because the Czech Republic did not experience hard-right backlash, the predominant framing of LGBT rights did not become as closely identified with the EU. The final part of the chapter moves from framing contests to frame resonance by presenting a quantitative content analysis of LGBT issues in both countries’ press from 1990 through 2012.

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