Linguistic and mental representation of POWER concept in Ukrainian aphoristic  set

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Zhanna Koloiz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Relevant Concept ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Power Concept

This article deals with the universal POWER concept and its linguistic and mental representation in the Ukrainian aphoristic set. The paper focuses on revealing the features of semantic content collision within the investigated concept and the conceptual system. This investigation demonstrates the new knowledge about the conceptualization and interpretation of the relevant concept. The semantic content of the studied concept is verbalized in the aphoristic set. It is presented through the prism of nuclear, circumnuclear and peripheral elements. The author also describes a number of techniques used to achieve certain stylistic effects.

Linguistic and mental representation of POWER concept in Ukrainian aphoristic  set

2016 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Zhanna Koloiz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Relevant Concept ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Power Concept

This article deals with the universal POWER concept and its linguistic and mental representation in the Ukrainian aphoristic set. The paper focuses on revealing the features of semantic content collision within the investigated concept and the conceptual system. This investigation demonstrates the new knowledge about the conceptualization and interpretation of the relevant concept. The semantic content of the studied concept is verbalized in the aphoristic set. It is presented through the prism of nuclear, circumnuclear and peripheral elements. The author also describes a number of techniques used to achieve certain stylistic effects.

Nonnatural Mental Representation

2020 ◽  
pp. 254-286
Author(s):  
Gualtiero Piccinini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Natural Representation ◽  
Actual Environment ◽  
Internal Signal

This chapter distinguishes between two types of representation, natural and nonnatural. It argues that nonnatural representation is necessary to explain intentionality. It also argues that traditional accounts of the semantic content of mental representations are insufficient to explain nonnatural representation and, therefore, intentionality. To remedy this, the chapter sketches an account of nonnatural representation in terms of natural representation plus offline simulation of nonactual environments plus tracking the ways in which a simulation departs from the actual environment. To represent nonnaturally, a system must be able to decouple internal simulations from sensory information by activating representational resources offline. The system must be able to represent things that are not in the actual environment and to track that it’s doing so; i.e., there must be an internal signal or state that can indicate whether what is represented departs from the actual environment. In addition, the system must be able to manipulate a representation independently of what happens in the actual environment and keep track that it’s doing so. In short, nonnatural representations are offline simulations whose departure from the actual environment the system has the function to keep track of. This is a step toward a naturalistic, mechanistic, neurocomputational account of intentionality.

scholarly journals СЕМАНТИКА ПОРІВНЯНЬ ЯК МАРКЕРІВ БАЗОВИХ ЕМОЦІЙ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГЕРОЇКО- ФАНТАСТИЧНИХ КАЗОК, ПЕРЕКЛАДЕНИХ НІМЕЦЬКОЮ МОВОЮ)

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Наталя Романова
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Esoteric Knowledge ◽  
Man And Nature

The article focuses on the study of semantics of comparisons as markers of basic emotions in Ukrainian heroic-fantastic fairy tales translated into German. In the fi eld of linguistics, the comparison transforms from logical to artistic correlating with the type of poetic thinking which forms, develops, changes, and evolves within the cultural and historical development of mankind in general and ethnos in particular. The methodological basis of the semantics of comparisons as markers of basic emotions is formed by the anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics (F. S. Batsevych, E. S. Kubryakova, and V. A. Maslova). The terminological apparatus of the study is outlined through the method of defi nitive analysis, whereas the semantic content of the apparatus is revealed through the method of etymological analysis with the use of the methods of comparative analysis. The methods of interpretive-textual and cultural-historical analyses were used to distinguish connotative and situational meanings relevant to the objectifi cation of basiс emotions. The application of the method of stylistic analysis of tropes allowed establishing the poetic features of comparisons and their stylistic color/stylistic neutrality as well as to better understand the idea of a heroic act. To reveal the mechanisms of the processes of materialization and diff erentiation of knowledge on basic emotions, elements of the method of modeling the conceptual system of the emotional state of a fairy-tale character have been involved. The author comes to the conclusion that etymology of the terms “heroism” and “fi ction” is diff erent and that the process of choosing the transformation of body shape correlates with the situation, esoteric knowledge, and magic of things around the world. Furthermore, in fairy tales, the man and nature form one whole, and people, plants and imaginary supernatural beings experience emotions and feelings. The classifi cation of semantic models of comparisons as markers of basic emotions is off ered, and the quality of emotional experience is traced. Key words: comparison, basic emotions, marker, semantics of comparisons as markers of basic emotions, fairy tale, heroic-fantastic tale, semantic model of comparison.

Above and beyond the content: Feelings influence mental simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellen Mrkva ◽  
Luca Cian ◽  
Leaf Van Boven
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Prediction Errors

Abstract Gilead et al. present a rich account of abstraction. Though the account describes several elements which influence mental representation, it is worth also delineating how feelings, such as fluency and emotion, influence mental simulation. Additionally, though past experience can sometimes make simulations more accurate and worthwhile (as Gilead et al. suggest), many systematic prediction errors persist despite substantial experience.

A Longitudinal Posthumous Study of Letter Writing in a Late Elderly Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Angel Ball ◽  
Jean Neils-Strunjas ◽  
Kate Krival
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Normal Status

This study is a posthumous longitudinal study of consecutive letters written by an elderly woman from age 89 to 93. Findings reveal a consistent linguistic performance during the first 3 years, supporting “normal” status for late elderly writing. She produced clearly written cursive form, intact semantic content, and minimal spelling and stroke errors. A decline in writing was observed in the last 6–9 months of the study and an analysis revealed production of clausal fragmentation, decreasing semantic clarity, and a higher frequency of spelling, semantic, and stroke errors. Analysis of writing samples can be a valuable tool in documenting a change in cognitive status differentiated from normal late aging.

A Developmental Study of Intonation Recognition

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Corlew
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Better Than

Two experiments investigated the information conveyed by intonation from speaker to listener. A multiple-choice test was devised to test the ability of 48 adults to recognize and label intonation when it was separated from all other meaning. Nine intonation contours whose labels were most agreed upon by adults were each matched with two English sentences (one with appropriate and one with inappropriate intonation and semantic content) to make a matching-test for children. The matching-test was tape-recorded and given to children in the first, third, and fifth grades (32 subjects in each grade). The first-grade children matched the intonations with significantly greater agreement than chance; but they agreed upon significantly fewer sentences than either the third or fifth graders. Some intonation contours were matched with significantly greater frequency than others. The performance of the girls was better than that of the boys on an impatient question and a simple command which indicates that there was a significant interaction between sex and intonation.

Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

Reading About Persons: The Effects of Conjunctions on the Mental Representation of Person Descriptions

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Krolak-Schwerdt ◽  
Margret Wintermantel ◽  
Nadine Junker ◽  
Julia Kneer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Person Memory ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Single Person ◽  
On Line

Three experiments investigated the processing of person descriptions that consisted of a number of statements about the characteristics of a person. In one condition, each statement referred to a single person attribute and in the other condition, causal and additive conjunctions to verbally link the statements were introduced. Evidence was found that the introduction of verbal links enhanced participants’ memory about the characteristics of the described person. On-line measures of processing showed that the comprehension of person information was strongly facilitated by the introduction of verbal links. Furthermore, the results were due to the introduction of causal connections between person attributes. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for models of person memory and representation.

Semantic Conflict Processing in the Color-Word Stroop and the Emotional Stroop

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Zurrón ◽  
Marta Ramos-Goicoa ◽  
Fernando Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Incongruent Color ◽  
Semantic Conflict ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Temporal Locus

With the aim of establishing the temporal locus of the semantic conflict in color-word Stroop and emotional Stroop phenomena, we analyzed the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited by nonwords, incongruent and congruent color words, colored words with positive and negative emotional valence, and colored words with neutral valence. The incongruent, positive, negative, and neutral stimuli produced interference in the behavioral response to the color of the stimuli. The P150/N170 amplitude was sensitive to the semantic equivalence of both dimensions of the congruent color words. The P3b amplitude was smaller in response to incongruent color words and to positive, negative, and neutral colored words than in response to the congruent color words and colored nonwords. There were no differences in the ERPs induced in response to colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence. Therefore, the P3b amplitude was sensitive to interference from the semantic content of the incongruent, positive, negative, and neutral words in the color-response task, independently of the emotional content of the colored words. In addition, the P3b amplitude was smaller in response to colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence than in response to the incongruent color words. Overall, these data indicate that the temporal locus of the semantic conflict generated by the incongruent color words (in the color-word Stroop task) and by colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence (in the emotional Stroop task) appears to occur in the range 300–450 ms post-stimulus.

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