Means of expression of Ukrainian baroque poetry: linguistic style view

The mysterious world of Baroque poetry has scientific interest among both literary critics and linguists for a long time. However, despite some elaboration of the problem, there are some gaps that need linguistic and stylistic coverage. It determines the relevance of the consideration of expressive and pictorial means of different linguistic nature, manifested in the poetic works of the Baroque era. The purpose of the research is to identify and characterize the means of linguistic and artistic expression of the language of the Ukrainian Baroque poetic. Fundamental in the formation of a system of artistic means, realized in Baroque poetry at all levels of language, is a combination of rational and irrational principles. In the poetry of that time, the “atmosphere of the literary game” was consistently created, which was embodied with the help of certain linguistic and expressive units. The author concludes that Ukrainian Baroque poetry is characterized by the use of various tropes and stylistic figures, including assonance and alliteration, equiphony and metaphony, paronymic attraction and phonetic epanalepsis, sound imitation and capitalisation, metaphor and metonymy, comparison and epithets, personification and periphysis, hyperbole and meiosis, parallelism and gradation, antithesis and oxymoron, polyptoton and annomination, doubling and anadiplosis, anaphora and epiphora, homeothelium and chiasm, amplification and polysyndeton. Among them, the artists mostly used figures based on exaggeration, opposition, repetition, and metaphor. The masterful combination of different stylistic means ensured the creation of an expressive, unique and perfect linguistic and artistic picture of that time. The logical continuation of the started research is to find out the influence of the Baroque tradition of decorating the fabric of a poetic work on the further formation of the Ukrainian poetic language.

Cross-interpreting in Slovakia: a tabooed reality

The present paper is a partial research work within the author’s dissertation thesis and seeks evidence to refute or support the hypothesis that interpreters are more effective in terms of quality when working into their mother tongue in comparison with interpreters working between two foreign languages. The data for this study were collected via interpreting questionnaires with thirteen selected criteria (e.g. native accent, pleasant voice, exaggerated fillers, fluency of delivery, logical cohesion, sense consistency, completeness of interpretation, significant omissions, use of correct terminology, etc.) that had been filled out (assessed on a 5-grade scale) by three target groups (professional interpreters, students of interpreting and so-called delegates), after having listened to three records of simultaneous interpretation (from English into Russian/Ukrainian). The records include three conference interpretations of a speech by NATO Secretary-General, Jens Stoltenberg, delivered in English on defensce and political topics. Two of the three interpreters (N 1 and N 2) are native speakers of the target language, while the third interpreter (N 3) works between two foreign languages. This paper presents the results for three target groups’ rating of the selected quality criteria for simultaneous interpretation. The aim of the present paper lies within comparing the output-related quality of B to A language interpreting vs. B to B language interpreting from the audience quality perception point of view.

Activation of creation of women’s nominations as a new stage of development of the Ukrainian language

The article is devoted to the topical issue of the development of the lexical and semantic system of the Ukrainian language at the present stage. Constant significant transformations in society require changes and improvements in language forms, as language must meet the needs of people who use it. Today, this issue has become very relevant, as rapid changes in society, especially economic, political, cultural, rapid development of science, the establishment of Ukraine as an independent democracy, led to innovative processes in the modern Ukrainian language. Therefore, the issues of the functioning of new words in modern discourse, as well as the reasons and methods of their appearance, are important at the current stage of the development of the Ukrainian language. It is noted that one of the manifestations of the reflection of the corresponding changes in the language system today is the functioning of parallel forms of nouns to denote a person: feminine forms are actively appearing along with the existing masculine forms. It is determined that the prerequisites for such shifts in the lexical system are the reasons of external (social) and internal (proper linguistic) nature. External factors include, first of all, democratization and liberalization of society. In fact, the “new idea” of establishing a “new woman” in society by rethinking the meaning of her role, defining her rights, and consolidating her functions contributed to the emergence of new lexical units with appropriate semantics. The internal factors of the constant development of language are primarily related to its systemic nature: all the elements in the language system are interconnected and interdependent. The system of the Ukrainian word formation is organized in such a way that under any social changes, the powerful derivational material of means (both own and borrowed) becomes the basis for the emergence of new lexemes. It is determined that the formation of nouns with the meaning of the feminine occurs with the suffixes –к-, –иц– (я), –ин– (я), –ес–, where the first two are most active. Within the framework of the considered word-formation type with the corresponding derivational components, innovative lexemes are described. At the same time, the productivity of feminine neoplasms was determined. Thematic groups of lexical units for designating feminine persons are characterized. New formations are distributed by occupation, the sphere of professional activity, the status that a woman occupies according to her profession.

Transonymization of toponym Chernobyl in the Ukrainian poetic discourse

The article analyzes the phenomenon of transonymization of the toponym Chernobyl in the Ukrainian use and poetic discourse. It is proved that according to the traditional metonymic model ‘place [city] of event → event’ a homonymous chrononym is formed, in particular such its variety as catastrophony or excithonym (name of world catastrophe) as a more narrow variant. It is emphasized that researchers of semantic-associative development of the onym Chernobyl did not discover the phenomenon of transonymization. It is stated that both the toponym Chernobyl and the chrononym, which is formed as a result of transonymy, exist in the Ukrainian poetic discourse. The peculiarities of their paradigmatics are revealed. In particular, the use of the oikonym Chernobyl is accompanied by the following semantic increments ‘a place of accident, danger’, ‘an uninhabited / abandoned city’, ‘an exclusion / disaster zone’, ‘radiation’, ‘life’, ‘death’. In literary texts, the catastrophony Chernobyl clearly reveals temporal semantics with the help of temporal prepositions or comparison with the temporal lexeme. This onym shows a strong associative connection with death, sometimes actualizing the semes, which testify to the closeness of its referent with the corresponding natural elements ‘fire’, ‘wind’. The chrononym Chernobyl also reveals the meaning of a large-scale all-Ukrainian or global disaster, often used with other excitonyms, combined with the meaning of ‘nuclear explosion’. In the poetic discourse, the case of further transonymization of the catastrophony Chornobyl, from which the corresponding zoonym is formed, is revealed, as well as the noticeable movement of this chrononym in the direction of pragmatonymy. The writers use a step-by-step individual-authorial unfolding of the semantics of the onym Chornobyl, accompanied by the obligatory sacralization or, conversely, demonization of its referent. On the example of the onym Chernobyl we can observe the connection of poetic discourse with the usual tendencies of transonymization, which gives grounds to reveal the specifics of the individual-author approach to the creation of new proper names in this way.

Patronymic surnames (on the material of Ukrainian variants of Christian names)

The article deals with the patronymic surnames derived from Ukrainian variants of Christian names which are the most widespread among anthroponyms. The review of Ukrainian scientists’ papers dealing with studying various aspects of the anthroponymic microsystem “Patronymic surnames”, the problems of their lexicographic processing has been done. The ways of patronymic surname formation from the most widespread masculine Ukrainian variants of Christian names are investigated on large factual material. As the analysis proves, the most substantial part of surnames has been formed from the Ukrainian variants of masculine Christian names. The popularity of names both masculine does not influence the productivity of surname formation. Sometimes a less spread name may form much more surnames than a more popular one. The overwhelming majority of surnames derived both from masculine names has been formed by means of suffixation (186 or 88,6 % with 210 surnames), 77 surnames of them with the help of two suffixes (51 surnames or 27,4 % of masculine names). Non-affixal way, i.e. the case when the surname is identical with the name, gave rise to 31 surnames (24 surnames or 12,9 % from masculine names). To derive surnames from masculine names 27 suffixes are used. The most widely used suffixes to produce surnames from masculine names appeared to be suffixes -енк (-єнк) – 22 surnames correspondingly, -ук (-юк) – 20 surnames and -чук (–щук),– 18 surnames. 13 suffixes were used once to form surnames from masculine names: -ин-, -юр-, -ют-, -юш-, -ицьк-, -очк-, -н-, -ун, -аш, -ан, -ай, -ур-, -ник.

Ukrainian Language as a Means of Unification of Society and a Factor of National Security of Ukraine

The article highlights the leading role of language in the formation of society through the analysis of its main functions, namely: communication, impact on a person, consolidation of citizens, the formation of national identity. This work analyses the relationship between the change of the language policy vector in Ukraine towards Ukrainian centricity and the strengthening of the Ukrainian language functioning in various spheres. The article raises the issue of the role of language as one of the important factors of national security of Ukraine. The role of the language issue in the Russian occupation of a part of Ukraine as a result of a hybrid war is exemplified. An integral part of this hybrid war is a change in worldview and a change in the national code of the inhabitants of the occupied territories. Based on our sociolinguistic opinion poll of 230 military officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, conducted in 2019, it was specified that among a number of markers of national identity, officers chose a common language. 54 % of respondents gave five points out of five possible to the marker of “common language”, and 20 % gave it four points. 88 % of respondents called the Ukrainian language as one of the main unifying tools in the formation of civil society in Ukraine, and 94,5 % believed that only the Ukrainian language should be the state language in Ukraine. It is important that military officers, born in different parts of Ukraine (and some far beyond its borders) and currently serving in different regions of the country, took part in the opinion poll. It allows us to affirm that officers understand the role of the Ukrainian language as a nation-building factor that is able to unite people in order to defend their country.

Translated dictionaries in the history of Ukrainian phraseography

This article analyzes the specificity of the establishment of translated foreign language and Ukrainian phraseological vocabularies of the late twentieth – early twenty-first century. The principles of parameterization of the structure of phraseological vocabularies are identified. The features of systematization of registry units and the means and methods of reflecting the ethnolinguistic information in the phraseological works of the translation type are identified. The applied significance of the use of transposition phrasebooks is specified. The usefulness of new approaches to the elaboration of vocabulary articles has been substantiated at the macro level vocabulary structure (selection of register items, volume and nature of the vocabulary, ordering principles) as well as at the micro level vocabulary structure (structure of the vocabulary items, translation types, correlation of various types of information about the register item, types of illustrative material, etc.). The creators of foreign and Ukrainian phraseological dictionaries mainly used the alphabetic principle of the register, which they successfully combined with other principles of lexicography of phraseological units: alphabetic-group and alphabetic-thematic. In the selected samples of the studied translated phraseological works one can observe a close interplay of microstructural elements (the vocabulary article itself, translation formula, varieties of information about the reestablished phraseology, translation, examples part) macrostructural elements (general principles the register formation, principles of lexicography, scope and function of a specific vocabulary).

Lingual Aspects of Mystical Narration in V. Shevchuk’s Novel “The Beginning of Horror”

In recent decades, the researchers of artistic stories have paid their attention to the narrative analysis of a set of weird texts of mystical and absurd content, works of “black humour”, fantastic (khymerna) prose created by a non-anthropic narrator or by an author in a changed state of consciousness. These texts serve the field of actualizing atypical and non-usual narrative structures, the sphere of meaningful changes within the bounds of narrative categories and, which is important, of forming special communicative senses of aesthetic nature. The basic problems of the linguistic analysis of “unnatural” stories are identifying the types of changes in the narration constituents, reasons of these changes and narrative categories (first of all, events, participants, objects, chronotope characteristics, points of view, moduses, modalities, etc.). The article analyses one of the texts of mystical content aiming at the revealing of some specificities of the structure and functioning of the so-called “unnatural artistic narrations”. The object of the research is V. Shevchuk’s novel “The Beginning of Horror”. The subject of the analysis is lingual means of the narrative structure formation, the author’s objectification of the mystical artistic sense and lingual “signals” of a reader’s perception of these senses. The most important semantic means of creating mystical atmosphere of the story are predicates that ascribe the names of their referents atypical dynamic and static features connected with the Christian view of the infernal world. It helps to form narrative events that root in weird situations, which cannot take place in reality. Non-dispositional nature of these situations correlates with the reference to the mystery that goes far beyond the bounds of a usual perceptive and psycho-mental background. Among the pragmatic means of creating mystical atmosphere of the main hero’s story as well as of the novel in general, we specify the individual inimitative perception of the flow of time and modality of “real unreality” formed by the role of an unreliable narrator and a vague point of view of the described event with its perceptive, ideological and time planes of objectification. Due to the increasing interest to various expressions of the esoteric, the increase of the number of artistic works of such content and growth of their popularity, we consider it topical to proceed in further investigations of lingual-narrative aspects of “unnatural” stories, in particular, the ones with the modus of mystical in them.