scholarly journals CHERNOZEM SOIL GENETIC FEATURES DIAGNOSIS WITH MAGNETIC METHODS

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
O. Kruglov ◽  
O. Menshov ◽  
V. Solovey ◽  
V. Lebed' ◽  
O. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Magnetic Methods ◽  
Genetic Status

The ecological-genetic status of soil is determined by the course of the soil-forming process and is the main factor in optimizing the agricultural use to achieve a sustainable state. The definition of a qualitative indicator of this status (KVAG) is developed in Ukraine and is characterized as costing and resource intensive. To solve the problem, it is proposed to replace agrochemical methods with less costly magnetic ones. The purpose of the study is to show the informativeness of geophysical methods for the indication of the process of pedogenesis on the example of chernozems podzolized of Kharkiv region. We used the standardized studies of determination of organic carbon content, determination of the particle size distribution of soil, and pH analysis. The characteristic of the sampling site on the slope was performed by determining the erosion hazard index. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility of soil (MS) was determined and then calculated. The study sites were located at the area of distribution of chernozems podzolized in the northern part of Kharkiv district and the central part of Pechenigy district of Kharkiv region. Soil genetic identity has been determined initially at the large-scale survey map and refined by field studies. The erosion processes complicated the soil study at the slope. We registered high informativeness of MS for the indication of genetic status. MS is relevant to use not only within a single agrocenosis, but also in agrolandscapes for soils which pedogenesis is complicated by hydromorphism. The experiment was performed at one-lane terrace of the Siverskyi Donets River, where soils of varying degrees of hydromorphism are developed. Magnetic methods have significant outlook for their application in soil studies. The example of the podzolized soils investigation of Kharkiv region shows the possibility of the identification of hydromorphic processes in the lower part of the soil profile (decrease of the values of MS compared to the background). The example of the arable land shows the possibility of replacing the high-cost determining of the humus content by much cheaper MS as the indicator of ecological-genetic status of soil (KVAG). The correlation coefficient between the KVAG and KVAMS (based on the MS measuring) is: ρ = 0.901.

scholarly journals Determination of the spatial and temporal dynamics of water erosion development using GIS technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00125
Author(s):  
Faik Safiollin ◽  
Mikhail Panasyuk ◽  
Svetlana Sochneva ◽  
Nikolai Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Republic

Currently, there are 0.21 hectares of arable land for every inhabitant of the planet. According to the UN forecast, the availability of arable land in the future will decrease to 0.14 ha/person not only due to population growth, but also due to land allotment for the construction of settlements, industrial facilities, hydroelectric power stations, mining and, most importantly, for strengthening erosion processes of anthropogenic nature. So, over the past 30 years, 58 hectares of arable land of the Bolsheelovskoye JV of the Elabuga municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan has been withdrawn from agricultural circulation. In addition, a comparative assessment of the initial soil cartogram with a map compiled 30 years later using the geographic information system showed a 2-fold increasing area of medium washed-out soils and the transition of 100 hectares of unwashed-out arable land to the category of slightly washed. Based on the research results, we developed a set of anti-erosion measures, including the planting of stock-regulating and field-protecting forest strips, strip lane placement of crops and increasing soil fertility based on the biologization of farming.

scholarly journals SOIL EROSION INDICATION BY MAGNETIC METHODS IN KHARKIV REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kruglov ◽  
O. Menshov ◽  
E. Ulko ◽  
A. Kucher ◽  
P. Nazarok
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Magnetic Methods

The new land regulation system in Ukraine, as well as European integration strategy, require to update the methodological approaches of farming land monitoring, increasing the accuracy of research and reducing the cost of the studies. Among such effective tools is soil magnetism application to study the erosion processes. The introduction of magnetic methods at the technology level is associated with methodological problems: density of the sampling network, the reliability of the statistics. The object of the research was soil erosion processes at the territory of Rusko-Tishkivska land council (Kharkiv region). Field, statistical, laboratory, and cartographic methods were used. The parameters of magnetic susceptibility (MS) and humus content (G) were obtained for soil samples from three genetic horizons of the sections (the depth is 0–10, 10–20 and 25–40 cm). A sequence of indicators was formed, the numerical values of MS 1, MS 2, MS 3, and G 1, G 2, G 3 were systematized. The humus content index is characterized by a greater degree of variation than the magnetic susceptibility. The sample data has a more dense distribution than the humus content in all horizons of the soil. Comparison of the studied indicators with respect to the magnitude of the relative sampling error established that more reliable results are observed for magnetic susceptibility. The maximum sampling errors for all horizons of the soil are lower than for the humus content. The article widely considers the statistical tests to check the homogeneity of the collection of selected field data. According to the Cramer–Welch T criterion, the homogeneity of the mathematical expectation is satisfied for all samples except MS 3. The correlation analysis of the samples showed that the small coefficients of rank correlation of Spearman were found in the pair of G 1 and MC 1, and in the pair G 1 and MC 3. The corellation is 0,697 and 0,641 respectively. Magnetic susceptibility and humus content show a high degree of correlation, which can be traced for different genetic horizons.

scholarly journals Ecological and Agrochemical Assessment of the Kamennaya Steppe Soils under Forest Cenosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Yuriy I. Cheverdin ◽  
◽  
Vladimir A. Bespalov ◽  
Tatyana V. Titova ◽  
Marina Yu. Sautkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Kamennaya Steppe ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Regions Of Russia

A set of parameters of soils under forest belts was studied. The objects of research were old-growth (65–68 yrs) ravine and shelterbelt forest plantations of the Kamennaya Steppe. The results allow assessing the trends of changes in soil characteristics over a long period of time. Key plots of 100×100 m were laid out using a regular sampling grid. The sampling interval is 15–25 m. A positive effect of forest shelterbelts on the properties of chernozems was found. There is an increase in thickness of the humus horizon from 42.3 cm (arable land on the slope) to 72.6±5.1 cm (under forest). The maximum values are typical for chernozems of watershed areas: 59.6±2.4 cm (arable land) and 85.6±3.9 cm (forest belt). Chernozems leached due to the activation of migration processes of carbonates into the underlying soil horizons have the maximum depth of soil effervescence. Chernozems zooturbated due to mechanical transport and mixing of accumulative-carbonate horizon have the lowest depth of soil effervescence. A general trend to decrease the depth of soil effervescence under the forest cenosis was found. The highest humus content is observed in watershed areas: 7.14±0.24 % (arable land) and 8.56±0.18 % (forest belt). A ravine forest belt reduces the risk of erosion processes. A fairly strong humus profile with a high content of organic matter: 7.03±0.27% (under forest) and 6.10±0.10% (on arable land), was possible to preserve on arable lands in the zone of the belt’s influence. The planting of forest belts causes a change in the nature of vegetation. The influence of acidic products of litter decomposition formed soil horizons with a moderately acidic reaction of the environment in the humus layer. Despite the leading position of calcium, an increased content of magnesium was found in the composition of exchange-absorbed cations. Forest belts have become especially important in recent decades due to changing climatic conditions. In the steppe regions of Russia, such plantations are a powerful soil conservation factor that helps stabilize and increase soil fertility. It is necessary to intensify the planting of artificial forest stands in the steppe regions of Russia. For citation: Cheverdin Yu.I., Bespalov V.A., Sautkina M.Yu., Titova T.V. Ecological and Agrochemical Assessment of the Kamennaya Steppe Soils under Forest Cenosis. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 76–91. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-76-91

scholarly journals Efficiency of measures and technology to preserve soil fertility and protect the soil from erosion in the steppe regions of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
A.A. Zorov ◽  
D.V. Mitrofanov ◽  
Yu.V. Kaftan ◽  
N.A. Zenkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect

The main source of soil fertility decline in the arid conditions of the Orenburg region is erosion, which manifests itself to varying degrees over the entire arable land. In the Orenburg region, 2214.9 ha are subject to water erosion, wind erosion - 279.4 ha, and out of a total area of 6240.0 thousand hectares, deflationary hazardous erosion - 5304.3 thousand hectares. In connection with erosion processes, the humus content in the soil decreases by 1-6 tons in southern chernozems, ordinary -1.7%. The studies were carried out in two stationary areas of the Orenburg Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals in order to determine the efficiency of measures and technologies to preserve soil fertility and protect the soil from erosion in arid conditions. With the transition to contour-landscape agriculture (CLA), the fertility of slope lands and the yield of field crops increases, and the negative effect of drought decreases to a minimum. The decrease in soil fertility caused by the erosion process is recorded in the fallow field when it is allocated for spring wheat. Soil-protecting and green fallows largely eliminate this disadvantage. During the fallowing period as per the data, the field of black fallow accumulates 430 kg per 1 ha of nitrates in the 0-150 cm layer, and when mineral fertilizers are applied at a dose of N40P80, it increases to 689 kg per 1 ha.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase: Applications in Forensic Pathology: I: Study of Blood Serum Recovered from Human Bodies

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Piette ◽  
G. De Schrijver
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Liver Degeneration ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

In order to appreciate more adequately chronic alcohol use by the deceased in the course of a medico-legal autopsy we studied the usefulness of a determination of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in cadaver serum. Some preliminary tests were performed to check the post-mortem stability of this enzyme, the influence of post-mortem haemolysis upon enzyme determination, the influence of the sampling site upon the enzyme activity and the suitability of vitreous humour as an alternative body fluid for GGT determination. Secondly, correlations between GGT activity and the degree of fatty liver degeneration and fibrosis (both possibly alcohol-induced tissue lesions) were searched for. Finally, a comparison was made between strictly selected groups of alcoholics and non-alcoholics. We concluded that, keeping in mind the necessary precautions to avoid typical post-mortem fallacies, a GGT determination in cadaver serum provides a useful parameter for detecting chronic alcoholism at the forensic autopsy.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Research of Information Support of Sustainable Agricultural Landscapes Formation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Creation

Purpose. To characterize the methodological approaches that we develop in the formation of a system of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes and to show the results of their implementation on the example of the territory of some agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region. Methods. Cartographic, geoinformation analysis, calculation, statistical and mathematical. Results. Some results of the work of the collective on the issues of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes. Namely, verification of erosion models, studies of the functionality of shelter belts, the formation of an agroeconet (an extensive network of natural and quasi-natural landscapes) on agricultural land massifs, which ensures the maintenance of stable functioning of meso and macrolevel agrolandscapes, as well as the experience of using magnetic prospecting methods to verify the results of mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Conclusions. A number of methodological approaches to information support of the formation of sustainable agricultural landscapes in the natural and socio-economic conditions of Ukraine have been developed. They relate to the functioning of anti-erosion measures of permanent action, the processes of modern transformation of agro-landscapes, the ecological impact of erosion processes on the environment. The connection between the length of forest belts per unit of arable land and soil erosion is shown. A methodical approach has been developed to estimate the amount of soil washed away from arable land and to calculate the measures necessary to eliminate its harmful effects on the environment.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE BASED ON LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Vladimir TATARINTSEV ◽  
◽  
Leonid TATARINTSEV ◽  
Alex MATSYURA ◽  
Andrei BONDAROVICH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Erosion Processes

The aim of the work was the landscape analysis of agricultural geographical landscapes in the Altai Territory and elaboration of measures aimed at the rational use of agricultural lands. Environmental and landscape (landscape) approach became the main method of scientific research used in the analysis of modern agricultural landscapes. The cartographic method, using GIS-technologies, made it possible to digitize the obtained materials. Synthesized maps of agro-ecological, natural and other zoning of territories are based on topographic, soil, geobotanical and other thematic maps made during land surveying during the field survey. Retrospective analysis, induction and deduction methods,analysis and synthesis, as well as the abstract-logic method were also used in the work. Our main result was the analysis of land use territory for agricultural enterprise in municipal district of Altai Krai. Exploration of lands indicates a pronounced plant-growing specialization of JSC “Pobeda” with a developed animal breeding direction. Limiting factors affecting the rational use of land are natural and climatic conditions, terrain,unsystematic anthropogenic activity and, as a result, the development of erosion processes. The degree of eroded and deflated arable land is more than 50%, hay and pasture lands are also very unstable. Landscapes have been typified, based on which eleven types of land have been identified and their geomorphological description has been carried out. The first five types of land can be used for agricultural production with limitations compensated by crop technology and erosion control measures, the sixth and seventh types require grassing and, in some cases,conservation, the eighth and ninth types can be partially used for pasture and area valorization; the remaining two are not suitable for agricultural use but should be potentially used for planting and forest management. As a result of the presented transformation of agricultural lands, the structure of cultivated areas has changed. The area of arable land decreased by 877 ha, and of pastures by 365 ha,while the area under hayfields, fallow lands, and forest lands increased by 295, 191, and 875 ha respectively. Low-productive lands were withdrawn from agriculture. We suggested that the sustainability of agricultural land use was mainly caused by the reduction of anthropogenic load and increase in ecological equilibrium of the territory.

scholarly journals Dark gray podzolized soils of the Chyzhykiv ridge: problems of degradation and protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Haskevych ◽  
Nadiya Lemeha ◽  
Anastasiya Vishchur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Very High

The results of the research of degradation of dark gray podzolized soils (Luvis Greyzemic Phaeozems) of the Chyzhykiv ridge are presented. The causes and consequences of this dangerous natural and anthropogenic phenomenon are analyzed. It has been established that the intensive agricultural use of soils caused the activation of water erosion processes, the development of physical degradation processes, which lead to soil compaction, deterioration of their general physical properties, and loss of humus. Degradation processes lead to a decrease in soil fertility and unprofitability of agriculture, worsen the ecological state of the environment. In the study of degradation processes and their consequences in dark gray podzolized soils, the following methods were used: comparative-geographical, comparative-profile, catena method, analytical, statistical. Soil field explorations were carried out after the growing season. The most dangerous among the degradation processes are erosion degradation, which leads to a decrease in the capacity of the soil profile and deterioration of the soil agrophysical properties. The results of the studies demonstrated that the capacity of the profile of poorly eroded soils decreased on average by 14.5 cm compared to the standard, in medium-eroded – by 28.3 cm, in highly-eroded – by 50.8 cm. Soils underwent erosion from low to very high (crisis) degree. Degradation processes of anthropogenic genesis caused a deterioration of the structural and aggregate state of the soils, which is manifested in a decrease in the content of agronomically valuable soil aggregates and the dominance of the sloping fraction. According to the research results, the content of agronomically valuable aggregates with a size of 10–0.25 mm in the arable soil layer is 18.65–33.86 %, which indicates a high and very high (crisis) level of degradation. Soils also undergo degradation due to re-compaction, which is manifested in an increase in the density of the structure and a decrease in the overall porosity of the soil. Long anthropogenic pressure on soils and erosion degradation processes have led to a decrease in humus content. In particular, in poorly eroded soils the humus content is 2.03 %, in medium-eroded soils – 1.45 %, in highly eroded – 1.06 %, which is 16.9–64.6 % less than the standard. Measures are proposed to minimize the degradation of the dark gray podzolized soils of the Chyzhykiv ridge, which consist in the application of anti-erosion measures and soil-protective methods of soil processing, conservation of heavily degraded lands. The introduction of basic and crisis monitoring of the state of soils in the research area is recommended. Key words: the Chyzhykiv ridge, dark gray podzolized soils, erosion, degradation, soil protection.

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