scholarly journals Ecological and Agrochemical Assessment of the Kamennaya Steppe Soils under Forest Cenosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Yuriy I. Cheverdin ◽  
◽  
Vladimir A. Bespalov ◽  
Tatyana V. Titova ◽  
Marina Yu. Sautkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Kamennaya Steppe ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Regions Of Russia

A set of parameters of soils under forest belts was studied. The objects of research were old-growth (65–68 yrs) ravine and shelterbelt forest plantations of the Kamennaya Steppe. The results allow assessing the trends of changes in soil characteristics over a long period of time. Key plots of 100×100 m were laid out using a regular sampling grid. The sampling interval is 15–25 m. A positive effect of forest shelterbelts on the properties of chernozems was found. There is an increase in thickness of the humus horizon from 42.3 cm (arable land on the slope) to 72.6±5.1 cm (under forest). The maximum values are typical for chernozems of watershed areas: 59.6±2.4 cm (arable land) and 85.6±3.9 cm (forest belt). Chernozems leached due to the activation of migration processes of carbonates into the underlying soil horizons have the maximum depth of soil effervescence. Chernozems zooturbated due to mechanical transport and mixing of accumulative-carbonate horizon have the lowest depth of soil effervescence. A general trend to decrease the depth of soil effervescence under the forest cenosis was found. The highest humus content is observed in watershed areas: 7.14±0.24 % (arable land) and 8.56±0.18 % (forest belt). A ravine forest belt reduces the risk of erosion processes. A fairly strong humus profile with a high content of organic matter: 7.03±0.27% (under forest) and 6.10±0.10% (on arable land), was possible to preserve on arable lands in the zone of the belt’s influence. The planting of forest belts causes a change in the nature of vegetation. The influence of acidic products of litter decomposition formed soil horizons with a moderately acidic reaction of the environment in the humus layer. Despite the leading position of calcium, an increased content of magnesium was found in the composition of exchange-absorbed cations. Forest belts have become especially important in recent decades due to changing climatic conditions. In the steppe regions of Russia, such plantations are a powerful soil conservation factor that helps stabilize and increase soil fertility. It is necessary to intensify the planting of artificial forest stands in the steppe regions of Russia. For citation: Cheverdin Yu.I., Bespalov V.A., Sautkina M.Yu., Titova T.V. Ecological and Agrochemical Assessment of the Kamennaya Steppe Soils under Forest Cenosis. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 76–91. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-76-91

scholarly journals On the Issue of Research of Information Support of Sustainable Agricultural Landscapes Formation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Creation

Purpose. To characterize the methodological approaches that we develop in the formation of a system of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes and to show the results of their implementation on the example of the territory of some agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region. Methods. Cartographic, geoinformation analysis, calculation, statistical and mathematical. Results. Some results of the work of the collective on the issues of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes. Namely, verification of erosion models, studies of the functionality of shelter belts, the formation of an agroeconet (an extensive network of natural and quasi-natural landscapes) on agricultural land massifs, which ensures the maintenance of stable functioning of meso and macrolevel agrolandscapes, as well as the experience of using magnetic prospecting methods to verify the results of mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Conclusions. A number of methodological approaches to information support of the formation of sustainable agricultural landscapes in the natural and socio-economic conditions of Ukraine have been developed. They relate to the functioning of anti-erosion measures of permanent action, the processes of modern transformation of agro-landscapes, the ecological impact of erosion processes on the environment. The connection between the length of forest belts per unit of arable land and soil erosion is shown. A methodical approach has been developed to estimate the amount of soil washed away from arable land and to calculate the measures necessary to eliminate its harmful effects on the environment.

Effects of Seasonal and Perennial Climatic Fluctuations on Geographical Distribution of the Enhanced Vegetation Index EVI of Arable Land in the Bryansk Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Grigory V. LOBANOV ◽  
Marina V. AVRAMENKO ◽  
Anna Yu. CHAROCHKINA ◽  
Nikolay N. DROZDOV
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Enhanced Vegetation Index ◽  
Lithological Composition

This article discusses the patterns of geographical distribution of the enhanced vegetation index EVI within the Bryansk region (upper Dnieper basin, south-western Russia) in the spring months of 2010-2015. The factors of index distribution, based on agricultural land monitoring data in other regions, are described. The crucial role of abiotic (topography, soil) and biotic factors in the distribution of the EVI is shown. The generalized data of meteorological observations of 2010-2015 are presented; the effects of their high variability on the range of the EVI values and its geographical distribution are shown. Data on the differences in the EVI distribution in the spring months of 2010-2015 is presented, which are explained by the differing periods of phenological seasons, surface relief characteristics (flat and convex watersheds, drainage conditions), lithological composition and humus content in the upper horizons of arable soil. A qualitative relationship between spring changes in the EVI for arable land and the combination of edaphic factors of agro-landscape functioning is established and the mechanisms that ensure such differences are presented. The use of the EVI distribution patterns is justified in the years with different climatic conditions to identify arable lands with different surface topography and soil characteristics.

scholarly journals CHERNOZEM SOIL GENETIC FEATURES DIAGNOSIS WITH MAGNETIC METHODS

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
O. Kruglov ◽  
O. Menshov ◽  
V. Solovey ◽  
V. Lebed' ◽  
O. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Magnetic Methods ◽  
Genetic Status

The ecological-genetic status of soil is determined by the course of the soil-forming process and is the main factor in optimizing the agricultural use to achieve a sustainable state. The definition of a qualitative indicator of this status (KVAG) is developed in Ukraine and is characterized as costing and resource intensive. To solve the problem, it is proposed to replace agrochemical methods with less costly magnetic ones. The purpose of the study is to show the informativeness of geophysical methods for the indication of the process of pedogenesis on the example of chernozems podzolized of Kharkiv region. We used the standardized studies of determination of organic carbon content, determination of the particle size distribution of soil, and pH analysis. The characteristic of the sampling site on the slope was performed by determining the erosion hazard index. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility of soil (MS) was determined and then calculated. The study sites were located at the area of distribution of chernozems podzolized in the northern part of Kharkiv district and the central part of Pechenigy district of Kharkiv region. Soil genetic identity has been determined initially at the large-scale survey map and refined by field studies. The erosion processes complicated the soil study at the slope. We registered high informativeness of MS for the indication of genetic status. MS is relevant to use not only within a single agrocenosis, but also in agrolandscapes for soils which pedogenesis is complicated by hydromorphism. The experiment was performed at one-lane terrace of the Siverskyi Donets River, where soils of varying degrees of hydromorphism are developed. Magnetic methods have significant outlook for their application in soil studies. The example of the podzolized soils investigation of Kharkiv region shows the possibility of the identification of hydromorphic processes in the lower part of the soil profile (decrease of the values of MS compared to the background). The example of the arable land shows the possibility of replacing the high-cost determining of the humus content by much cheaper MS as the indicator of ecological-genetic status of soil (KVAG). The correlation coefficient between the KVAG and KVAMS (based on the MS measuring) is: ρ = 0.901.

Ways to improve the soil protective efficiency of forest stands

10.12737/6548 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-146
Author(s):  
Пухачева ◽  
Lyudmila Pukhacheva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Flow ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
The Stability

This article discusses ways to improve soil protective efficiency, reclamation use and preservation of protective forest plantations. In addition to the hydrological and soil protection functions, these spaces contribute to a more even distribution of snow on the protected spaces and prevent them blowing away in his beams, improve the microclimate of surrounding fields and, ultimately, increase the productivity of crops. Afforestation system is the basis of territorial and environmental framework, that ensures the stability of agro-ecosystems. The major role in improving forest conditions and, as a consequence, an increase in the growth of trees, played an impoundment ability of trenches. They created additional moisture due to the detention of surface runoff from melted snow and rain water. The sharp decline in water-erosion processes, transfer a surface flow to intersoil, improves the water regime of the territory and has a beneficial effect on the growth of pendent white birch. Thus, the use of reclamation of forest belts in the variant with trenches is the highest (100%), this can be explained by regular flow of meltwater in the forest area, as subsurface flow. The trench with filler intercepts virtually the entire flow, that is absorbed in its melted bottom and filler, and during the active snowmelt in the way of overflow of trenches, flowing is held earth mound on the border of the forest belt. As a consequence, the gullies and ravines are not formed on young woodland belt, that was benefit on the growth and survival of seedlings of pendent white birch.

scholarly journals Efficiency of measures and technology to preserve soil fertility and protect the soil from erosion in the steppe regions of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
A.A. Zorov ◽  
D.V. Mitrofanov ◽  
Yu.V. Kaftan ◽  
N.A. Zenkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect

The main source of soil fertility decline in the arid conditions of the Orenburg region is erosion, which manifests itself to varying degrees over the entire arable land. In the Orenburg region, 2214.9 ha are subject to water erosion, wind erosion - 279.4 ha, and out of a total area of 6240.0 thousand hectares, deflationary hazardous erosion - 5304.3 thousand hectares. In connection with erosion processes, the humus content in the soil decreases by 1-6 tons in southern chernozems, ordinary -1.7%. The studies were carried out in two stationary areas of the Orenburg Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals in order to determine the efficiency of measures and technologies to preserve soil fertility and protect the soil from erosion in arid conditions. With the transition to contour-landscape agriculture (CLA), the fertility of slope lands and the yield of field crops increases, and the negative effect of drought decreases to a minimum. The decrease in soil fertility caused by the erosion process is recorded in the fallow field when it is allocated for spring wheat. Soil-protecting and green fallows largely eliminate this disadvantage. During the fallowing period as per the data, the field of black fallow accumulates 430 kg per 1 ha of nitrates in the 0-150 cm layer, and when mineral fertilizers are applied at a dose of N40P80, it increases to 689 kg per 1 ha.

scholarly journals The current state of the pine shelter belt in the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
A. I. Lobanov ◽  
V. V Mulyava ◽  
N. A. Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Forest Shelter Belts

xModern forest shelter belts do not fully protect arable land and most often have a different life state. In theseconditions, the preservation of forest belts, their performance of protective functions in the system of agroforestry andother complex measures remains an urgent task. The studies were carried out in a field-protective forest belt located in thevicinity of the Oktyabrsky village of the Krasnoturansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where a temporary test plotwas laid using generally accepted methods. The aim of the research was to study the current state of this forest belt by identifying the sanitary state and preservation of the stand and growth rates of Scots pine. Analysis of the current state of thestand showed that the average category of the state of trees is 1.3 points. The stand safety is 44.9%. Pine trees at the age of 28after planting have reached an average height of 11.6 m with an average diameter of 19.1 cm. The forest belt has an optimalopenwork-blown design and is capable of self-renewal naturally. To prevent further degradation of arable leached chernozems in treeless areas of the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it is advisable to create pine forest shelter belts.

scholarly journals Productivity of the forest band system on Chernozeme of the Southern steppe of the Volga Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 07011
Author(s):  
P. N. Prozdov ◽  
D. A. Mashtakov ◽  
Yu. V. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Band System ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Volga Upland ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Associated Species

The aim of the research was to study the state and productivity of Quercus robur L. when mixed with associated species - Fraxinus lanceolata L. and Acer platanoides L. in the forest band system and in forest bands reinforced with grooves for additional moisture accumulation. The investigations were carried out in the agro-forest landscapes of the steppes of the Volga Upland on the southern chernozem heavy loam with a humus content of 4.5%. In many respects, the productivity of Qvercus robur L. in forest belts depends on the applied mixing scheme, the selection of the accompanying rock, and the timely agrotechnical and silvicultural care in the created forest belts. In recent decades, silvicultural care (harvesting, sanitary, and reforestory cutting) is practically not carried out due to the changed economic situation in forestry and forest melioration in Russia. Therefore, the state and productivity of forest belts with Qvercus robur L. largely depends on the choice of the accompanying tree species that will grow in the forest belt along with Qvercus robur L. Optimal matching schemes for mixing Qvercus robur L. with associated tree species allow for maximum productivity and durability of the forest belt. Studies have shown that when mixing Qvercus robur L. and Acer platanoides L. growth Qvercus robur L. in height and diameter, respectively, by 5% and 14% greater than the growth of Qvercus robur L. when mixed with Fraxinus lanceolata L. Val ditch in the forest band, absorbing additional moisture, contributes to an increase in the intensity of growth of Qvercus robur L. by 10-12%.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

Selection of drought-resistant crops for South Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Drought Resistant

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.

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