scholarly journals Determination of the spatial and temporal dynamics of water erosion development using GIS technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00125
Author(s):  
Faik Safiollin ◽  
Mikhail Panasyuk ◽  
Svetlana Sochneva ◽  
Nikolai Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Republic

Currently, there are 0.21 hectares of arable land for every inhabitant of the planet. According to the UN forecast, the availability of arable land in the future will decrease to 0.14 ha/person not only due to population growth, but also due to land allotment for the construction of settlements, industrial facilities, hydroelectric power stations, mining and, most importantly, for strengthening erosion processes of anthropogenic nature. So, over the past 30 years, 58 hectares of arable land of the Bolsheelovskoye JV of the Elabuga municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan has been withdrawn from agricultural circulation. In addition, a comparative assessment of the initial soil cartogram with a map compiled 30 years later using the geographic information system showed a 2-fold increasing area of medium washed-out soils and the transition of 100 hectares of unwashed-out arable land to the category of slightly washed. Based on the research results, we developed a set of anti-erosion measures, including the planting of stock-regulating and field-protecting forest strips, strip lane placement of crops and increasing soil fertility based on the biologization of farming.

scholarly journals Structuring the civil service in the context of intergenerational transformation

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Nurgissa KUSHEROV
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Staff Turnover ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic

The article highlights the problems of deep intergenerational transformation in the civil service of the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade, offers a new approach to public administration in accordance with the theory of generations, formulating solutions based on the value of each generation. At the same time, frequent staff turnover, self-determination of civil servants, efficiency of civil service and other issues are analyzed in accordance with the concepts of the theory of generations. The article developed empirical recommendations that will serve as the basis for improving some functions of the civil service.

Surface-groundwater interactions in karst: overview, concept and mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Ravbar ◽  
Cyril Mayaud ◽  
Matej Blatnik ◽  
Metka Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Karst Aquifers ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Ecohydrological Processes

<p>Under special meteorological and hydrological circumstances, shallow karst areas and karst poljes may experience surface water overflow. As a result, surface- groundwater interaction occurs usually creating intermittent lakes. Although human settlements and activities have traditionally adapted to these natural conditions, extensive temporary floods are classified among the most common natural disasters in karst. On the other hand, intermittent lakes are considered as natural reservoirs of excess recharge and good flood regulators in the lower parts of river basins. Due to specific ecohydrological processes and environmental conditions, these areas host unique wetland ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity and provide various ecosystem services, such as ecological productivity, photosynthesis and carbon storage. Given the dynamic nature of hydrological processes in karst aquifers, a distinctive feature of the phenomena described is its high variability of occurrence and duration. Therefore, the identification, characterization as well as the determination of the spatial dimension of flood levels is a challenging task. Focusing on the Slovenian karst, a literature review and analysis of topographical and hydrological data of the selected study areas was conducted. The hydrological analyses were based on long-term monitoring data from Slovenian Environmental Agency and partly on the authors' own database of field measurements and knowledge of the areas concerned. Consequently, the conceptual framework and the key criterion for the determination and recording of areas subject to temporary flooding were developed. A systematic survey reveals the significance of the extent, duration and frequency of flooding. Evaluation results are useful to designers of various water policies and management mechanisms for flood mitigation and protection of special habitats. Observing trends in the spatial and temporal dynamics of flood levels is also valuable for understanding how and to what extent karst aquifers are vulnerable to environmental changes. Finally, the analyses also enable prediction of the effects of these changes on other parts of the environment (e.g., hydrophilic habitats).</p>

scholarly journals Dendroclimatology in Latin America, State of the Art and Contributions for Understanding Climate Variation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar D. Sánchez ◽  
Manuel E. Mendoza ◽  
Teodoro Carlón-Allende ◽  
José Villanueva-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics

Dendroclimatology has gained relevance during the XXI century. We analyze the state of-the-art of dendroclimatology in Latin America during the past 28 years (1990 to 2019), identifying the current state and recent advances in the application of dendroclimatology in this region. We carried out a systematic review in ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using Boolean operators to logically connect the keywords “dendrochronology,” “dendroclimatology,” “trend,” “climatic variability,” and “climatic variability trend”, for each country. Dendroclimatological research conducted in the region focused on climatic reconstruction and the evaluation of new tree species with dendrochronological potential, which increase in 2010, then there was a gap between 1995 and 1996, later increase to present. Dendroclimatological studies in Latin America have been mainly developed in temperate climate zones (82.4 %) followed by tropical or subtropical areas (17.6 %). Dendroclimatological research in Latin America has provided advances in the study of climate variability by defining response functions of tree rings to climate. The generated information allows for a better understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of climatic variability and about its effects on ecosystems and society. We also call for increased dendroclimatological research based on subtropical and tropical forests limited studied until today.

scholarly journals Revisiting Campylobacter jejuni Virulence and Fitness Factors: Role in Sensing, Adapting, and Competing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdi Elmi ◽  
Fauzy Nasher ◽  
Nick Dorrell ◽  
Brendan Wren ◽  
Ozan Gundogdu
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Basic Understanding

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis world wide and represents a major public health concern. Over the past two decades, significant progress in functional genomics, proteomics, enzymatic-based virulence profiling (EBVP), and the cellular biology of C. jejuni have improved our basic understanding of this important pathogen. We review key advances in our understanding of the multitude of emerging virulence factors that influence the outcome of C. jejuni–mediated infections. We highlight, the spatial and temporal dynamics of factors that promote C. jejuni to sense, adapt and survive in multiple hosts. Finally, we propose cohesive research directions to obtain a comprehensive understanding of C. jejuni virulence mechanisms.

Examining Urban Expansion in the Greater Toronto Area Using Landsat Imagery from 1974–2014

GEOMATICA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanying Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Shiqian Wang ◽  
Jonathan Li
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Urban Extent

The Greater Toronto Area is the most vital economic centre in Canada and has experienced rapid urban expansion in the past 40 years. This research uses Landsat images to detect the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban expansion in the Greater Toronto Area from 1974 to 2014. We quantitatively analyzed the extent of urban expansion and spatial patterns of growth from classified Landsat images. We then integrated our expansion findings with population data to observe the relationships between urban growth and population. We found that the Greater Toronto Area had significant growth of 1115 km2, expanding mainly in radiated and ribbon expansion modes. There was substantial correlation between urban extent and population in the period of study. These results demonstrate the efficacy of combining statistical population data with remote sensing imagery for the analysis of urban expansion.

scholarly journals Determination of the Machine and Tractor Fleet Optimal Composition for a Model Cotton­Textile Cluster

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
M. T. Toshboltaev ◽  
M. R. Dzhiyanov
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cluster Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The authors showed that the cotton-textile cluster efficiency (the capacity of the machine-tractor fleet, cotton yield, the production profitability) largely depended on the use of the optimal number of tractors and agricultural machines. The existing methods (theoretical, graphic, economic and mathematical) were difficult for practical use and did not take into account the specifics of mechanized cotton growing processes. Therefore, it was important to develop a simple normative method for determining the optimal composition of the machine and tractor fleet for clusters, corresponding to the technological map for the production of raw cotton. (Research purpose) To calculate the required amount of agricultural machinery based on the established standards. (Materials and methods) The authors developed an algorithm for determining the standard coefficients of the equipment necessity per 1000 hectares of arable land. These coefficients for each type of equipment were established in the context of technological operations of growing cotton: plowing, soil preparing for sowing, sowing seeds, cultivating the soil between cotton rows, mechanized removal of growth points of the main stems and side branches of plants, defoliation with chemicals, machine harvesting and transportation of harvested cotton – raw. (Results and discussion) The authors proposed the term “model cotton-textile cluster”. They calculated the required amount of equipment for such a cluster with an area of 13,732 hectares. They determined the percentage of the machine and tractor fleet: the share of tractors – 28 percent, cultivators – 22, trailers – 19.8, cotton pickers – 13.8, the rest – 16.4 percent. They emphasized that the machines fleet could expand with the arrival of new modern machines produced by machine-building plants of the republic and imported from foreign countries. (Conclusions) The authors accepted the machine and tractor fleet of the cotton-textile cluster with the number of equipment 1660 units as rational. They proved that it ensured the implementation of all technological operations within agrotechnical terms.   

scholarly journals CHERNOZEM SOIL GENETIC FEATURES DIAGNOSIS WITH MAGNETIC METHODS

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
O. Kruglov ◽  
O. Menshov ◽  
V. Solovey ◽  
V. Lebed' ◽  
O. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Magnetic Methods ◽  
Genetic Status

The ecological-genetic status of soil is determined by the course of the soil-forming process and is the main factor in optimizing the agricultural use to achieve a sustainable state. The definition of a qualitative indicator of this status (KVAG) is developed in Ukraine and is characterized as costing and resource intensive. To solve the problem, it is proposed to replace agrochemical methods with less costly magnetic ones. The purpose of the study is to show the informativeness of geophysical methods for the indication of the process of pedogenesis on the example of chernozems podzolized of Kharkiv region. We used the standardized studies of determination of organic carbon content, determination of the particle size distribution of soil, and pH analysis. The characteristic of the sampling site on the slope was performed by determining the erosion hazard index. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility of soil (MS) was determined and then calculated. The study sites were located at the area of distribution of chernozems podzolized in the northern part of Kharkiv district and the central part of Pechenigy district of Kharkiv region. Soil genetic identity has been determined initially at the large-scale survey map and refined by field studies. The erosion processes complicated the soil study at the slope. We registered high informativeness of MS for the indication of genetic status. MS is relevant to use not only within a single agrocenosis, but also in agrolandscapes for soils which pedogenesis is complicated by hydromorphism. The experiment was performed at one-lane terrace of the Siverskyi Donets River, where soils of varying degrees of hydromorphism are developed. Magnetic methods have significant outlook for their application in soil studies. The example of the podzolized soils investigation of Kharkiv region shows the possibility of the identification of hydromorphic processes in the lower part of the soil profile (decrease of the values of MS compared to the background). The example of the arable land shows the possibility of replacing the high-cost determining of the humus content by much cheaper MS as the indicator of ecological-genetic status of soil (KVAG). The correlation coefficient between the KVAG and KVAMS (based on the MS measuring) is: ρ = 0.901.

Early Medieval Great Hall Complexes in England: Temporality and Site Biographies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Christopher Scull ◽  
Gabor Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Elite Identity ◽  
Site History

This paper offers a critical reconsideration of the social, spatial and temporal dynamics of sixth- to eighth-century great hall complexes in England. The major interpretative issues and constraints imposed by the data are considered, and the sites are then subject to comparative analysis across long-term and short-term temporal scales. The former highlights persistence of antecedent activity and centrality, the latter the ways in which the built environment was perceived in the past, structured social action, and was a medium for the construction and consolidation of elite identity and authority. Within the broad similarity that defines the site-type there is evidence for considerable diversity and complexity of site history and afterlife.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF CALIBRATION CERTIFICATE OF DIGITAL LEVELING SYSTEMS IN THE MONITORING OF STRUCTURES: A CASE STUDY AT THE GOVERNADOR JOSÉ RICHA HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT - PR

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyne Raminelli Siguel Gemin ◽  
Érica Santos Matos ◽  
Pedro Luís Faggion
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Equipment Performance

Abstract: The monitoring of the vertical behavior of benchmarks installed in the dam crest of the Governador José Richa hydroelectric power plant (UHGJR) has been performed by the first-order differential leveling method with the use of digital leveling systems which are composed of a digital level and a invar barcode rod. By default, the scales of these instruments are the same, but over time both can change, degrading the observations. In the past, the simultaneous calibration of these systems was not considered in the determination of UHGJR settlements, however, after the development of the first calibration system of digital leveling systems in Brazil, it was possible to investigate the equipment performance as well as to determine a scale factor to be applied to correct the level readings. The results achieved are the systems calibration used in the monitoring of the UHGJR and the calibration certificate application in leveled sections in November 2016. The maximum correction applied to the elevation differences was of the order of nine tenths of millimeters, result attributed to the region observed in the rod, since the deviations obtained in the calibration vary according to the reading position at the rod.

scholarly journals Response of vegetation to sheep dung addition in a degraded Cerrado area

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo S. Teixeira ◽  
Andreia A. Rezende ◽  
Luciola S. Lannes
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Power Stations

ABSTRACT Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and is classified as a biodiversity hotspot. The establishment of hydroelectric power stations in Brazil originated degraded areas due to the removal of soil for construction of dams, in which native vegetation sometimes fails to reestablish due to the bad soil conditions. Sheep excrete most of the nutrients they ingest, such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium and nitrogen. This study aimed at investigating whether sheep dung contributes to the improvement of soil quality and stimulates the process of ecological succession in areas affected by the construction of the hydroelectric power station of Ilha Solteira. Four areas were selected, located at the Experimental Farm of Unesp Ilha Solteira/SP, and ten plots of 1 m2 each were established. From October 2014 to December 2015, five replicates received 150 g fresh sheep dung every 15 days. In December 2015 soil sample from top 0.10 m was collected for the determination of soil attributes. Aboveground biomass was also collected, separated into four functional groups, oven-dried and weighed. Data were analysed to check the effect of dung addition upon soil and vegetation variables. Dung addition stimulated the development of several functional groups and changed soil nutrient concentrations in all four studied areas.

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