scholarly journals THE CRIMEAN CONFLICTING KNOT: COLONIAL DIMENSIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Serhiy Hrabovsky
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
Ineffective Policy ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The article is devoted to outlining and exploring a number of important stories of the history and present situation of the Crimea. The author turns to the study of Russian colonial policy on the peninsula. This policy resulted in the annihilation of the Crimean Tatar people and the deliberate settlement of Crimea by specific categories of population from "mainland" Russia, and subsequently - from Soviet Ukraine. The colonial pressure of the tsarist authorities was changed after 1917 for a short period with the assertion of Crimean Tatar national communism as a modernizing anti-colonial movement. However, from the second half of the 1930s, colonial policy on the peninsula resumed, and in 1944 it became embodied in the forced deportation of indigenous peoples, especially the Crimean Tatars. Up until the second half of the 1980s, the Kremlin tried not to allow the Crimean Tatars to return to their historical homeland at all. Only at the time of perestroika the authorities of the USSR agreed to allow such a return, but simultaneously tried to dispense it in every possible way. At the same time, the Kremlin launched a special operation aimed at removing Crimea from Ukrainian jurisdiction and securing its status as a Russian colony. Also this attempt failed because of the collapse of the USSR, but the goal remained unchanged; Russia's annexation of Crimea was carried out in 2014. The author analyzes the reasons that enable the Russian propaganda to influence a large part of the Crimean population effectively. The article illustrates the ineffective policy of official Kyiv to minimize the effects of Russian colonialism on the Crimean Peninsula in 1991-2014. The article also examines the newest stage of colonization of Crimea by Russia, which began in 2014. The author concludes that in recent years, new conflicting factors on the Crimean peninsula have been added to the traditional ones, and they all require further special studies.

External and Internal Policies of Belarus After Crimea Annexation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Anna Kuleszewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Abstract Within the last few years, significant changes have taken place in the geopolitical and economic spheres of Europe: Euromaidan, annexation of the Crimea in the East, and problems inside the European Union (issue of migrants, Brexit) in the West. These changes had their impact on Belarus, a country situated between Russia and the EU. Conflict between Ukraine and Russia shook the Belarusian economy. Belarusian authorities were afraid about unexpected Russian steps towards Minsk and about social unrest against their own authoritarian president. All of this forced Alexander Lukashenko to search for new solutions in his policies. During recent months, it was possible to observe the change of a political discourse with Poland, attempts of a cautious cooperation with Russia (which is still Belarus’ main ally), and a search for new sources of finances and energy suppliers. The present situation is a new challenge for Belarusian authorities and even for foreign observers. For inhabitants of the country, the situation is not comfortable. This article aims to present, based on selected sources, the synthesis of actions that were taken in the external and internal politics by the Belarusian authorities after the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula.

scholarly journals Ethnocultural basis of the formation process of the Crimean Tatar art culture and decorative and applied art (part one)

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-170
Author(s):  
Ismet A. Zaatov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Azov Region ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Crimean Mountain ◽  
Cultural Genesis ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Based on the research results of Russian, Soviet and foreign archaeologists, anthropologists, geneticists and art historians, an attempt has been made to trace the process of formation of the artistic culture and decorative and applied art of descendants, who by the 10th –11th centuries took part in shaping of the Crimean mountain people, the Tats of the Crimea, the ancestors of the ethnographic groups of the modern Crimean Tatar people – the southern coastal and mountain Crimean Tatars, as well as of the Greco-Tatars – the Urums of the Azov region. And also to try to characterize the culture and decorative arts of the aboriginal and immigrant ethnic groups of the Crimean peninsula, who later took part in the process of ancient cultural genesis of the population of the mountainous and southern coastal Crimea. It also shows the initial stage of the process of cultural genesis of the steppe and foothill Crimean Tatars, which was going on parallel to the process of cultural genesis and formation of the artistic culture of the Tats of the mountainous and southern coastal Crimean Tatars.

scholarly journals IDENTITY MARKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICALLY MOTIVATED PERSECUTION OF UKRAINIANS AND CRIMEAN TATARS IN THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Boris Petrunok
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Identity Markers ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

This article is dedicated to the study of identity markers in the context of politically motivated persecution by the Russian Federation in the temporarily occupied Crimean Peninsula. The occupational administration, following a set political course, basically builds a generalized „Other‟ that is being persecuted. They also create their own identity markers that further prove the longevity and legitimacy of the temporary occupation of Ukraine's territory. Cases of human rights violations, harassment of national and religious communities in the occupied Crimea are actively documented and investigated by non-governmental human rights organizations: Crimean Human Rights Group, Crimea SOS, Regional Center for Human Rights, Crimean Tatar Resource Center and a number of others. In the article proposed a comprehensive approach to the analysis of collective identity Crimean Tatars and Ukrainian. Author examined the main components of collective identity Crimean Tatars at the present stage. Considered the main challenges faced by the Crimean Tatar and Ukrainian community in connection with the occupation of the Crimea. Today we can talk about a specific list of elements indicating the ethnocide and linguicide agenda, political and religious persecution in the Crimean Peninsula. Furthermore, the so-called „general threat‟ is too blurry and undefined for the Russian Federation based on the gathered material throughout the years of occupation. The occupant cannot classify and define the risks that they face and that compromise the illegal occupation and attempt to annex a part of Ukrainian territory. So, they target all the self-organized active communities that are not controlled by the occupational government. Whether these communities have an agenda, national, cultural, or religious differences is an important factor, but it is not in priority. The Russian occupational regime understands its weakness on the temporarily occupied territory of the Crimean Peninsula, so it utilizes the logic and traditions of other authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. However, it will lead to the collapse of the dictatorship.

ANTHROPOGENIC AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE СRIMEAN ECOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.P. Demchenko ◽  
N.Yu. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Business Owners ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Russian Plant ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Town ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The situation in the ecology of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years was discussed in the article. The analysis of absolute and integrated indicators of the anthropogenic impact showed that the ecological situation remains difficult, and according to some indicators even continues to deteriorate. In summer 2018, the situation had worsened because of the large chemical release of titanium dioxide on the north of the Crimea from the holding pond of a large Russian plant that is situated near the town of Armyansk. This, in turn, led to the contamination of the large territory on the north of the peninsula. This fact indicates insufficient control by officials of the Republic of Crimea over the implementation of the RF laws for environmental protection by business owners of various forms of ownership, especially private ownership, the level of responsibility for the environment of which is very low.

scholarly journals «”The Golden Age” of the Crimean Karaites»: publication of the new academic series

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
Grigorii N. Kondratjuk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The review examines new publications on the history of Karaites – the monographs “Karaites in the Russian Empire in the late 18th – early 20th centuries” and the “Karaite communities: biographies, facts and documents (late 18th – early 20th centuries”. They studied a significant chronological period – from the time of the Karaites appearing in the Crimea and up to the beginning of the 20th century. A reasoned conclusion is made that the so-called “ The Golden Age” is the most tense in the history of the Karaite people – the time from the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula to the Russian Empire in 1783 and until 1917. It was during these 100 years when the significant transformations took place in the old-timers communities of the peninsula, when the ideas of Russian culture and education spread among the Crimean Karaites, and they themselves were actively integrated into Russian social structures. The monographs are equipped with a detailed historical excursion, which reveals many relevant and little-known facts from the past of the Karaites.

Native Others: What Implications Does the Law on Indigenous Peoples Have for Ukraine’s Indigenous Population?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Sribniak
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
General Context ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

In July 2021, the Ukrainian Parliament adopted a Law on Indigenous Peoples. It provides a framework for the protection of the rights of the indigenous peoples of the Crimean Peninsula, namely Crimean Tatars, Karaites and Krymchaks, and excludes Mariupol Greeks as a minority potentially qualifying for the status of the fourth indigenous group residing outside of Crimea. What was the general context of the adoption of the Law? What rights does it envisage? And what could the Law potentially bring to the recognized indigenous peoples? This blog post attempts to answer these questions.

STUDIES OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA BY RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS (THE END OF THE 18TH CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Oxana M. Kurnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The rich historical past of the Crimean peninsula, its natural wealth and resources, its beauty at all times attracted the attention of traveling researchers. In the period from the last quarter of the 15th century up to the end of the 18th century, Western and Eastern researchers, visiting the Crimean peninsula for various purposes, studied its geography, biology, and history. Russian scientists-travelers did not have the opportunity to make research trips across the Crimea until the end of the 18th century due to the fact that for three centuries (from 1475 till 1774) the Crimean peninsula was part of the Ottoman Empire, being one of its most important provinces, both in trade, economic, and military-strategic terms. With the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 1783, started the development of newly acquired territories. The beginning of the study of the lands of the Crimean peninsula by Russian scientists is primarily associated with political and economic changes and transformations in the region. For the development and growth of the economy of the Crimean region, information was needed about the structure of the region, its socio-economic and ethnographic features, as well as about its natural resources. Therefore, by order of the Empress of Russia Catherine II and the instructions of the country’s government, the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts sends its scientists to the Crimea. Among Russian pioneers of the Crimean peninsula research in the late 18th century there were Vasily Zuev (1754–1794), Carl Ludwig Habliz (1752–1821), Theodor Chyorny (1745–1790), and Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811). The expeditions of these outstanding scholars and travellers commenced the Crimean exploration by Russian scientists in various fields of science, thus, the end of the 18th century should be considered the beginning of Russian Crimean studies.

Two species of the genus Theristus Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) from the hypersaline water bodies of the Crimea (Azov-Black Sea basin)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4881 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-382
Author(s):  
TATIANA N. REVKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Morphological descriptions of two species of the genus Theristus Bastian, 1865 belonging to group flevensis, found in the hypersaline water bodies of the Crimean Peninsula, are presented. Theristus siwaschensis sp. n. is morphologically closest to T. flevensis Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1935, T. parambronensis Timm, 1952, T. macroflevensis Gerlach, 1954, T. metaflevensis Gerlach, 1955, but differs from them by the structure of the reproductive system in females, number of cephalic setae and size of spicules. Specimens of T. flevensis found in the Lake Chersonesskoye are similar to the re-description of a large forms of T. flevensis from Chile by Murhy (1966) and Caspian Sea by Chesunov (1981). However, it differs from the Caspian Sea species by having larger amphids, longer cephalic setae and spicules. T. pratti Murph & Canaris, 1964 and T. ambronensis Schulz, 1937 are synonymized with T. flevensis.

scholarly journals Linguoculturological aspect of studying Turkic toponyms of Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Emine Suleimanovna Ganieva ◽  
Zarema Seityag'yaevna Osmanova ◽  
Akhtem Seit-Ametovich Mazinov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Cultural Artifact ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Color Form ◽  
First Time ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The object of this research is the Turkic toponymic units of the Crimean Region. The subject of this research is the Crimean Tatar toponymic lexicon in the linguocultural aspect. The article examines the Turkic (Crimean Tatar) toponymic system as a fragment of the linguistic worldview of its native speakers. The need is underlined for comprehensive characteristics of geographical denominations of the Crimean Peninsula, with consideration of linguoculturological components as a full-fledged element. The goal consists in description of the Turkic toponymic units of Crimean Region as a phenomenon generated by the culture of Crimean Tatars. It is determined that the semantic of Turkic toponyms is motivated by different associations related to images of the animals and their habitat, plants, historical events and legends that defined names of the objects, etc. There also nomens with unmotivated semantics, permitting variable semantization. As a result of analysis, the examined in linguoculturological aspect toponyms of Crimea of Turkic origin are classified by most significant thematic groups. The Crimean Tatar toponymic lexicon is viewed from linguoculturological perspective for the first time, which defines the scientific novelty of the research. The following conclusions were made: geographical denominations of Crimea are the cultural artifact of Crimean Tatars, reflecting the historical stages of their settlement, ancient migrations and interethnic contacts, economic activity. Political and social transformations, geographical specificities, location, territorial traditions, including those that no longer exist.  The geographical nominations, alongside the instances of creation of toponyms based on external resemblance of geographical object with the realities surrounded Crimean Tatars (color, form), also used cultural and mental associative principles of nomination. This is why the terms included religious, somatic, legend-based, and other components.  

scholarly journals Estonians in the Crimea

2003 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Jüri Viikberg ◽  
Ott Kurs
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Native Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The article gives an overview af Estonian peasants settling in the Crimea in the midl91hcentury.Havingfor several centuries been under the contra! af the Golden Hordeand the Crimean Khanate, the Crimean Peninsula was annexed by Russia in 1783.The imperial colonization policy that succeeded the deportation af the Crimean Tatarsta Turkey encouraged the peasants af the Estonian and Livonian gubernias ta emigrateta the Crimea. The drivingforces behind the emigration were not only economicbut also religious. For the members af a sect led by the Prophet Maltsvet the Crimeahad become the Promised Land.Thefirst Estonian settlements in the Crimea werefoundedin 1861-1864. Their namesZamruk, Kara-Kiyat, Konchi-Shavva, etc., indicate that the Estonians settled in thedeserted villages af Crimean Tatars. After a long journey and in an unfamiliar setting,it was di.fficult ta adapt ta and start a new life, but by the l 880s, the settlers hadalready established themselves. Sharing the community af interests, they built schoolsand churches together. When the Estonian writer Eduard Vildecame ta see the CrimeanEstonians in 1904, he could only give high praise for their ejforts.Ey the beginning af World War I, the Estonians in the Crimea had achieved a livingstandardwhich was the highestwhen compared ta other Estonians in Russia. In 1921,the number af Estonians in the Crimea was 2,367, whereas in 1995 there were onlyabout 500 Estonians living mainly at Beregovoe (Zamruk), Krasnodarka (KonchiShavva)and Novo-Estonia. Since the l 990s, Estonian cultural activities have againbecome possible in the Crimea. In Simferopol and Krasnodarka Estonian societieshave been established and any support from native Estonia would be welcome. Fromautumn 2002, a native language teacher from Estonia started ta work at theKrasnodarka secondary school.

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