Practical Computing

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
William Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Sensitive Indicator ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Anthropometric measures such as height, weight, limb circumferences, and skinfolds are very simple yet powerful tools for evaluating physical growth and nutritional status. When applied to children under the age of 5 years, these measures provide a sensitive indicator of health and well-being among anthropological populations. In particular, such basic indices as height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height can be used to identify households and subpopulations where nutritional intervention is necessary.

AN ANALYSIS OF CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION IN KERALA AND GOA

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RAJARAM ◽  
T. S. SUNIL ◽  
LISA K. ZOTTARELLI
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Very High ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Improved child health and survival are considered universal humanitarian goals. In this respect, understanding the nutritional status of children has far-reaching implications for the better development of future generations. The present study assessed, first, the nutritional status of children below 5 years using the three anthropometric measures weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height in two states of India, Kerala and Goa. Secondly, it examined the confounding factors that influence the nutritional status of children in these states. The NFHS-I data for Kerala and Goa were used. The results showed that the relative prevalence of under-weight and wasting was high in Kerala, but the prevalence of stunting was medium. In Goa, on the other hand, the relative prevalence of wasting and underweight was very high, and that of stunting was high. Both socio-economic and family planning variables were significantly associated with malnutrition in these states, but at varied levels. The study recommends more area-specific policies for the development of nutritional intervention programmes.

scholarly journals The social context of children's nutritional status in rural South Africa 1

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (69_suppl) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Madhavan ◽  
Nicholas Townsend
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Rural South Africa ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Aim: To investigate the relationship between children's nutritional status and a series of measures capturing both the current status and the lifetime history of their connection with adult caregivers in the Agincourt sub-district of rural South Africa. Methods: Using data on a sample of 202 children from a recent ethnographic study of children's social connections and well-being, the authors (1) compare height for age and weight for age to an accepted international standard and (2) conduct bivariate analyses of the relationships between selected measures of social connection and extreme deviations below expected weight and expected height. Results: Fitted curves for weight for age and height for age fall between the 5th and 50th percentiles of CDC growth curves. Compromised nutrition, defined as being more than two standard deviations below expected height or weight, is associated with the death or non-co-residence of the mother, and with the absence of financial support from the father. The co-residence of maternal female kin as substitutes for the mother do not fully compensate for her absence. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of parental living arrangements, parental financial support, birth order and the composition of sibling sets, and lifetime residential patterns in facilitating access to nutrition.

scholarly journals Nutritional status assessment by anthropometry in children with chronic liver disease aged 6 months to 12 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
P. V. Dhaarani Giri
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Background: In spite of distinctive improvements in nutritional therapy, malnutrition and growth retardation remained as challenging significances of chronic liver disease (CLD) in children. The present study was done to evaluate the severity and frequency of malnutrition using anthropometry in CLD children.Methods: The study included 50 children with CLD attending the OPD of Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai during the period from April 2016 to September 2016. Physical growth and nutritional status in the patients were evaluated using anthropometric parameters and Z-scores.Results: The incidence of malnutrition in the children using height for age was found to be 90%, weight for age- 84%, BMI for age- 40%, MAC for age- 88%, TST for age- 88%. SGA showed 96% malnutrition. Weight for age and body mass index were influenced by this fluid retention (P=0.002 and P=0.007 respectively). Whereas height for age, MAC and TST were not influenced by fluid retention (P=0.321, P=0.371 and P=0.031 respectively).Conclusions: Assessment of nutritional status in CLD children can be easily diagnosed by anthropometric measurements. Early diagnosis of malnutrition will decrease the related morbidity and mortality in children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Under-Nutrition Measured by Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) Among the Bhumij Children of Northern Odisha, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monali Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Scanty Information ◽  
Very High ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Introduction: Under-nutrition continues to be a serious health problem among the children in India. In view of the paucity of recent attempts to classify under-nourished children satisfactorily the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) has been implemented to measure the seriousness and severity of overall under-nutrition in a population. However, there exists scanty information of the prevalence of under-nutrition among the tribal children of Odisha and India. Therefore the objective of the present study is to evaluate the overall prevalence of under-nutrition among the Bhumij children of Northern Odisha, India.Materials and Methods: A total of 136 Bhumij children aged 1 to 6 years (69 boys and 67 girls) were measured. Children were considered as underweight, stunting and wasting if their weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores below -2.0 SD of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference data. Severe under-nutrition was assessed as Z-score below -3.0 SD.Results: The overall age and sex combined prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting recorded was 32.4%, 42.6% and 25% respectively, and these rates were considered as high (30-39%), very high (≥30%) and also very high (≥15%), respectively. CIAF showed a higher prevalence of undernutrition (54.4%) i.e., children suffering from anthropometric failure, in comparison to other three conventional indicators (stunting, underweight and wasting).Conclusions: Therefore various nutritional intervention programs can be formulated to improve the nutritional status of the children. It was established herein that CIAF is a better indicator of nutritional status than traditional measures of stunting, underweight and wasting because it differentiates overall and total anthropometric failure.  J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(1):61-67

scholarly journals Association of Dental Caries and Anthropometric Measures among Primary School Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Wajiha Anzar ◽  
Ambrina Qureshi ◽  
Ashar Afaq ◽  
Hiba F. Kattan ◽  
Basil Almutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Aim: This study aimed to investigate an association between dental caries status and anthropometric measures in primary school children. Methods and Materials: An analytical cross-sectional study (n = 376) was conducted among primary school children (age range = 6–9 years) registered in private schools. Non-clinical data was gathered from parents of participating children through a self-administered structured questionnaire as well as from the children through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Clinical data included the examination of dental caries using dmft/DMFT index and anthropometric measures including calculated z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ), and physical examination. Inferential statistics included Kruskal Wallis and linear regression for univariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Results: The proportion of dental caries in primary and secondary dentition was 67.6% and 8.2% respectively. A significant association was observed between dental caries status and HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ (p < 0.001). An inverse relation was found between low, medium, and high dental caries categories and anthropometric measures. Conclusions: In the primary dentition, dental caries were significantly and inversely related to weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age. Hence, it can be concluded that among the low-income population dental caries is associated with lower anthropometric outcomes in children and therefore caries management should be considered an approach impacting overall health and quality of life.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Don Vicendese ◽  
Bircan Erbas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Background: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to understand the association between height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores and WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children’s WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were -1.33 [1.1], -1.52 [1.3] and -0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001 to 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04 to 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction=0.02). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of Yemeni schoolchildren in Al-Mahweet Governorate

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Raja'a ◽  
S. M. Sulaiman ◽  
J. S. Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The nutritional status of 948 children selected randomly from Al-Mahweet Governorate schools was investigated. Age range was 5-18 years with a mean of 10.6 +/- 2.8 years. Among the children, 3.4% had depleted iron and 43.4% had below average skin-fold thickness. Approximately half of the children were either stunted or chronically underweight and 1 child in 20 was underfed. Depleted fat stores affected two-fifths of the children and approximately one-fifth were anaemic. Urban residents scored significantly higher on nutritional parameters than rural children. Serum ferritin levels were significantly greater among males than females whereas mean height-for-age, weight-for-age and skin-fold thickness were lower.

scholarly journals FOOD INTAKE, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deise Cristina Oliva CARAMICO-FAVERO ◽  
Zelita Caldeira Ferreira GUEDES ◽  
Mauro Batista de MORAIS
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy may be associated with comorbidities such as undernutrition, impaired growth and gastrointestinal symptoms. Children with cerebral palsy exhibit eating problems due to the effect on the anatomical and functional structures involved in the eating function resulting in malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between food intake, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 40 children with cerebral palsy (35 with spastic tetraparetic form and 5 with non-spastic choreoathetoid form of cerebral palsy, all requiring wheelchairs or bedridden) aged from 4 to 10 years. The dietary assessment with the parents was performed using the usual household food intake inquiry. Anthropometric data were collected. Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with deglutition disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and chronic constipation were also recorded. RESULTS: The median of height-for-age Z-score (-4.05) was lower (P<0.05) than the median of weight-for-age (-3.29) and weight-for-height (-0.94). There was no statistical difference between weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores. Three patients with cerebral palsy (7.5%) exhibited mild anemia, with normal ferritin levels in two. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation were found in 82.5% (n=33), 40.0% (n=16), and 60.0% (n=24) of the sample, respectively. The patients with symptoms of dysphagia exhibited lower daily energy (1280.2±454.8 Kcal vs 1890.3±847.1 Kcal, P=0.009), carbohydrate (median: 170.9 g vs 234.5 g, P=0.023) and fluid intake (483.1±294.9 mL vs 992.9±292.2 mL, P=0.001). The patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal reflux exhibited greater daily fluid intake (720.0±362.9 mL) than the patients without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (483.7±320.0 mL, P=0.042) and a greater height-for-age deficit (Z-score: -4.9±1.7 vs 3.7±1.5, P=0.033). The patients with symptoms of constipation exhibited lower daily dietary fiber (9.2±4.3 g vs 12.3±4.3 g, P=0.031) and fluid (456.5±283.1 mL vs 741.1±379.2 mL, P=0.013) intake. CONCLUSION: Children with cerebral palsy exhibited wide variability in food intake which may partially account for their severe impaired growth and malnutrition. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation are associated with different food intake patterns. Therefore, nutritional intervention should be tailored considering the gastrointestinal symptoms and nutritional status.

scholarly journals Differences between WHO Growth Standards and China Growth Standards in Assessing the Nutritional Status of Children Aged 0–36 Months Old

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Qianling Tian ◽  
Xiao Gao ◽  
Tingting Sha ◽  
Qiong He ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
China’S Growth

Background: At present, whether to use the World Health Organization’s (WHO) growth standards or native growth standards to assess the nutritional status in a given population is unclear. This study aimed to compare the differences between the WHO’s growth standards and China’s growth standards in assessing the nutritional status of children aged 0~36 months. Methods: We used z-scores to evaluate the nutritional status of children. The weight-for-age z-scores (WAZs), length/height-for-age z-scores (LAZ/HAZs), and weight-for-length/height z-scores (WLZ/WHZs) were calculated using the WHO’s growth standards and China’s growth standards. MeNemar’s test was used to compare the nutritional status of children. Results: The results in this study showed that there were differences between the WHO’s standards and China’s standards in assessing children’s nutritional status except for stunting and obesity. The prevalence of underweight assessed using China’s standards was higher than when using the WHO’s standards (except when 3 and 36 months old). The prevalence of wasting was significantly higher when assessed using China’s standards than when using the WHO’s standards from 12 to 36 months. The prevalence of overweight was higher when assessed using the WHO’s standards from 3 to 8 months. Conclusions: Both the WHO’s and China’s growth standards are useful measures in assessing children’s nutritional status but with key significant differences. Therefore, caution should be taken in selecting appropriate measures in a given population.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Maternal Anthropometric Measures Relative to Infant Nutritional Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Nugroho Abikusno ◽  
Rachel Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Weight For Age

This cross-sectional study was done in July 1990 at health posts of two subdistricts in Cilandak, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of maternal anthropometric measures against the functional outcome of infant nutritional status (weight-for-age). The study population consisted of 175 mother-infant pairs, who were between 14-45 years old, and their infants, who were 0-6 months old. The indicators that identified women at risk of their infant being poor nutritional status (weight-for-age less than −1 SD) were maternal weight (sensitivity 33%, specificity 89%, and positive predictive value 26%), height (sensitivity 39%, specificity 83% and positive predictive value 21%), and calf circumference (sensitivity 50%, specificity 85% and positive predictive value 28%).

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