Bedouin Towns Between Governmental and Alternative Planning: Aspects of Applied Anthropology

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Abu-Rabia
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Applied Anthropology ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cement Block ◽  
Desert Regions

Today (2006) some 60% of the 160,000 Bedouin in the Negev Desert live in seven towns, and most of the remaining 40% live in tribal settlements of varying sizes, in clusters of wooden, metal, huts, tents, or in cement block or stone houses. Al-'Aref (1934: 9-34, 231-37) and Abu-Mu'eileq (1990), claim that Bedouin tribes have inhabited the Negev for thousands of years. Sharon (1975:11-30) tells of three known Bedouin migrations in the desert regions around Palestine in the last 1300 years. The first Bedouin immigration took place with the rise of Islam in the seventh century. The armies of the Muslims were composed entirely of Bedouin soldiers, who came to Syria and Palestine with their families, tents, livestock and camels. The second Bedouin migration occurred in the ninth century. Tribes of Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym moved northwards from the Najd Heights to Sinai, Upper Egypt (10th century) and North Africa (11th century). The third Bedouin migration commenced early in the sixteenth century and reached its height in the seventeenth century. The Shammar tribe from the region north of Najd in the vicinity of Jabal Tay and Jabal Shammar- wandered northwards, and displaced the previous overlords of the Syrian Desert, the Mawali tribes (Hitti 1951:622; Sharon 1975).

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of the wall paintings in the main church of the Praskvica Monastery

Zograf ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Dragan Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Church

In the katholikon of the monastery of Praskvica there are remains of two layers of post-Byzantine wall-painting: the earlier, from the third quarter of the sixteenth century, and later, from the first half of the seventeenth century, which is the conclusion based on stylistic analysis and technical features. The portions of frescoes belonging to one or the other layer can be clearly distinguished from one another and the content of the surviving representations read more thoroughly than before. It seems that the remains of wall-painting on what originally was the west facade of the church also belong to the earlier layer. It is possible that the church was not frescoed in the lifetime of its ktetor, Balsa III Balsic.

DNA Evidence for a Colonial Jewish Settlement in Appalachia

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Hirschman ◽  
James A. Vance ◽  
Jesse D. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
Central Appalachia ◽  
Cumberland Gap

Using a 5,000-person DNA database from the Cumberland Gap Region of Appalachia, we document the presence of a Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jewish settlement in Central Appalachia. The settlement may have begun as early as the mid-sixteenth century with the Pardo Expedition and been substantially supplemented from the early seventeenth century onward with Jewish colonists from England, Scotland, and Wales. Additional persons found in this mountainous region show DNA origins from Southeastern Europe, North Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. Thus the region may have served as a refuge for non-white, non-Christian persons arriving in Colonial North America.

Churches

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Charles Anthony Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Christian Congregations ◽  
The Church ◽  
Local Body

Churches have been the subject of archaeological examination since the sixteenth century. As the most monumental expression of Christianity, they represent complex religious and societal ideologies, rooted in Jewish concepts of the synagogue and messianic kingship. The institution of the church was initially viewed as both a physical local body and a global spiritual kingdom, and these notions eventually became symbolized by architecture. In Christianity’s first three centuries, a variety of buildings could accommodate Christian congregations. During the emperor Constantine’s reign, the basilica became the most prestigious form of church and, by the end of the seventh century, was commonplace in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia. Churches were not just assemblages of various materials; they also housed burials, shrines, artifacts, and artistic programs. Archaeology examines how and when churches were designed, constructed, and changed, and how they contributed to the wider society.

The Hermeneutical Rehabilitation of Supposition Theory in Seventeenth-Century Protestant Logic

Vivarium ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 464-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Meier-Oeser
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Textual Interpretation ◽  
Supposition Theory

Abstract The paper focuses on some aspects of the early modern aftermath of supposition theory within the framework of the protestant logical tradition. Due to the growing influence of Humanism, supposition theory from the third decade of the sixteenth century was the object of general neglect and contempt. While in the late sixteenth-century a number of standard textbooks of post-Tridentine scholastic logic reintegrated this doctrine, although in a bowdlerized version, it remained for a century out of the scope of Protestant logic. The situation changed when the Strasburg Lutheran theologian J.C. Dannhauer, who in 1630 developed and propagated the program of a new discipline which he called ‘general hermeneutics’ (hermeneutica generalis), accentuating the importance of supposition theory as an indispensable device for the purpose of textual interpretation. Due to Dannhauer’s influence on later developments of hermeneutics, which in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was regarded as a logical discipline, supposition theory is still present in several logical treatises of the eighteenth century. The explication of the underlying views on the notion of supposition and its logico-semantic function may give at least some clues as to how to answer the question of what supposition theory was all about.

An Ornamentalist View of Metaphor in Arabic Literary Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Shuqair
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arabic Rhetoric

The aim of the present paper is to examine the kind of thinking and the chain of assumptions that lie behind the reduction of metaphor to a mere ornament in Arabic literary theory.   For this purpose, Arabic ornamentalist thinking is traced from the third century A.H. (the ninth century A.D.) to the seventh century A.H. (the thirteenth century A.D.).  This is not to say, however, that the seventh century marks the end of such thinking in Arabic literary theory, but that at that time the Arabic literary theory, and the theory of metaphor, was developed into fixtures with an increasing emphasis given to form over content and the art of verbal expression in general.  Inordinate attention was given to ornate style, and rhetoric became an arena for displaying verbal acrobatics.  The axioms, "closeness of resemblance" and "congruity of metaphorical elements," represent metaphor's highest degree of formalization and stereotyping.  That is why some of the images in classical theory are mainly based on complete parallelism between the objects compared, particularly with regard to form, size and color.  From that time onwards, the fixtures of the classical theory have been kept intact.   Metaphor, and rhetoric in general, is nowadays reduced to textbooks to be studied in abstract and rigid terms developed by the classical theory.  Arabic rhetoric is a dead discipline: it is merely an ornamental repertoire of figures that could only be used as a sweet adorner for the language.

Daniel Weiman and Libri picturati A 16–31

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Simonini
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Final Shape ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

The history of the collection of zoological and botanical watercolours known as Libri Picturati A 16–31 is a long and complex one. Scholars have mainly focused on its origin and vicissitudes during the sixteenth century. Daniel Weiman (originally Weimann), Chancellor of Kleve, was possibly the third known owner of the 16-volume collection, but so far little attention has been paid to the vital role he played in the compilation of Libri Picturati A 16–31. This paper sets out to analyse the importance of Daniel Weiman and to chart the history of the volumes during the seventeenth century, when the collection assumed its final shape.

“According to the Decorum of These Daies”

PMLA ◽  
1918 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-268
Author(s):  
David Klein
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Old English ◽  
British Museum ◽  
English Drama ◽  
The Third ◽  
Facsimile Edition ◽  
Early English

In the winter of 1567–8 five gentlemen of the Inner Temple presented befor the queen a tragedy entitled Gismond of Salerne. In 1591–2 Robert Wilmot, author of the fifth act, publisht a revision of the entire work under the name Tancred and Gismund. This was reprinted by Dodsley. The erlier version has cum down to us in two ms. copies, both in the British Museum: Hargrave 205, knoen as H, and Landsdowne 786, knoen as L, the former dating from the third quarter of the sixteenth century, the latter from the end of the sixteenth or the beginning of the seventeenth century. L has been reprinted by Brandl in volume LXXX of Quellen und Forschungen and by Cunliffe in his Early English Classical Tragedies. Renewed study of the work finds a stimulus in the recent publication of a fotografic reproduction of H in Farmer's facsimile edition of The Old English Drama.

Trade, Exoticism and the English Appropriation of South Asian Pickles, c. 1600–1750

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Anil Paralkar
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Third

South Asian pickles, or achar, were the first processed food to arrive from the subcontinent to Europe. While the earliest European references stem from Portuguese texts of the sixteenth century, evidence of cooking instructions date from the second half of the seventeenth century. Utilizing sources like botanical literature, travelogues, and recipes, this paper focuses on the introduction of achar to England in between 1600 to 1750. The first part investigates the initial trade of these pickles to Europe, in particular to England. The second part discusses how English authors developed an understanding of achar, which promoted the use of certain ingredients and preparation methods. This understanding did not account for the multiple diverging types of achar in South Asia, but represented an essentialized concept of the dish, which found its expression in English achar-recipes. The third part argues that this style of achar constituted an appropriation of the food, as it was adapted to European tastes and made ‘exotic’ enough but not too ‘exotic’ for the English palate. Thus, this article offers a case study on the introduction of South Asian food to England, which shows the power structures involved in global culinary exchanges.

Sicily between Byzantium and the Islamic World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Davis-Secord
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Exchange Material ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines patterns of travel and communication that linked Sicily to the Islamic world during the centuries prior to the Muslim conquest in the ninth century. Covering the period of transition to Muslim rule, it shows how Sicily began to “drift” closer to North Africa already in the seventh century. This growing relationship was established through a series of both military and diplomatic connections that brought Muslims into contact not only with Greek Christians in Sicily but also, due to the relationship between the island and Latin Christendom, with Latin Christians. During these years of both violence and diplomacy, from the first seventh-century raids through the ninth-century conquest, Sicily and the Islamic world also began to exchange material goods and economic products. In some ways, then, Byzantine Sicily acted as a meeting ground in the central Mediterranean world for Muslims, Greek Christians, and Latin Christians.

‘Reform’ treatises and the inception of the Tudor conquest in mid-sixteenth-century Ireland, 1546–1565

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Heffernan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Outer Hebrides

The chapter begins in 1546 when a military incursion was launched by the Dublin government against the Irish lordships of the O’Mores and O’Connors in the Irish midlands of Laois and Offaly. I argue that this military venture was the first step in the Tudor conquest of Ireland. Eventually in the 1550s the plantation of this region was undertaken, thus initiating the general pattern whereby Ireland would be conquered and resettled down to the end of the seventeenth century. The chapter then goes on to examine the other major policy issues of the mid-Tudor period, specifically the growing threat posed to the Tudor state by Shane O’Neill’s ascendancy in Ulster and the incursion of Scottish settlers from the Outer Hebrides into the north-east of Ireland. Finally, consideration is given to the long viceregal administration of the third earl of Sussex and the criticism it drew from Irish officials in the late 1550s and early 1560s owing to its recourse to the ‘cess’ and other practices. Throughout the chapter how these issues arose in the treatises is discussed and the ideas put forward contextualised.

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