Trade, Exoticism and the English Appropriation of South Asian Pickles, c. 1600–1750

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Anil Paralkar
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Third

South Asian pickles, or achar, were the first processed food to arrive from the subcontinent to Europe. While the earliest European references stem from Portuguese texts of the sixteenth century, evidence of cooking instructions date from the second half of the seventeenth century. Utilizing sources like botanical literature, travelogues, and recipes, this paper focuses on the introduction of achar to England in between 1600 to 1750. The first part investigates the initial trade of these pickles to Europe, in particular to England. The second part discusses how English authors developed an understanding of achar, which promoted the use of certain ingredients and preparation methods. This understanding did not account for the multiple diverging types of achar in South Asia, but represented an essentialized concept of the dish, which found its expression in English achar-recipes. The third part argues that this style of achar constituted an appropriation of the food, as it was adapted to European tastes and made ‘exotic’ enough but not too ‘exotic’ for the English palate. Thus, this article offers a case study on the introduction of South Asian food to England, which shows the power structures involved in global culinary exchanges.

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of the wall paintings in the main church of the Praskvica Monastery

Zograf ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Dragan Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Church

In the katholikon of the monastery of Praskvica there are remains of two layers of post-Byzantine wall-painting: the earlier, from the third quarter of the sixteenth century, and later, from the first half of the seventeenth century, which is the conclusion based on stylistic analysis and technical features. The portions of frescoes belonging to one or the other layer can be clearly distinguished from one another and the content of the surviving representations read more thoroughly than before. It seems that the remains of wall-painting on what originally was the west facade of the church also belong to the earlier layer. It is possible that the church was not frescoed in the lifetime of its ktetor, Balsa III Balsic.

The Hermeneutical Rehabilitation of Supposition Theory in Seventeenth-Century Protestant Logic

Vivarium ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 464-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Meier-Oeser
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Textual Interpretation ◽  
Supposition Theory

Abstract The paper focuses on some aspects of the early modern aftermath of supposition theory within the framework of the protestant logical tradition. Due to the growing influence of Humanism, supposition theory from the third decade of the sixteenth century was the object of general neglect and contempt. While in the late sixteenth-century a number of standard textbooks of post-Tridentine scholastic logic reintegrated this doctrine, although in a bowdlerized version, it remained for a century out of the scope of Protestant logic. The situation changed when the Strasburg Lutheran theologian J.C. Dannhauer, who in 1630 developed and propagated the program of a new discipline which he called ‘general hermeneutics’ (hermeneutica generalis), accentuating the importance of supposition theory as an indispensable device for the purpose of textual interpretation. Due to Dannhauer’s influence on later developments of hermeneutics, which in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was regarded as a logical discipline, supposition theory is still present in several logical treatises of the eighteenth century. The explication of the underlying views on the notion of supposition and its logico-semantic function may give at least some clues as to how to answer the question of what supposition theory was all about.

scholarly journals The Portuguese Settlement on the Coromandel Coast, a Case Study of San Thome and Nagapattinam in the Seventeenth Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
A S Shngreiyo
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
The Social ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
The Town ◽  
Coromandel Coast

<div><p><em>T</em><em>he origin of the Saint Thomas, who is believed to be buried at Mylapur gradually led to the emergence of San Thome as an important trading post for the Portuguese in the Coromandel Coast. The Portuguese discovered the remnants of the Saint when they excavated the place and it become a major influence in their settlement of the town called San Thome. San Thome slowly developed as an urban center in the sixteenth century. The chapter also attempts to show the crucial role that the Portuguese played in the process of urbanization and in the social and political spheres as well. Down the coast lies another Portuguese port called Nagapattinam probable it was the first Portuguese to settle at Coromandel Coast in the 1520s. The first Portuguese settlers were mostly private traders interested in the rice trade to Sri Lanka. Later it become one of the flourishing ports as many individual Portuguese settle down and do commerce.  It is said that more than seven hundred sailing vessels were frequently docked at the same time on the river. Every year these vessels carried more than twenty thousand measures of rice from here to the western Coast of India. The trade here attracted merchants from all parts of India as well as from Pegu, Malacca and Sumatra. However, both the port did not enjoy for long as it sweep away by the coming of other European countries in the following centuries.</em></p></div>

Friedrich Fischer (1558–1623)

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-220
Author(s):  
Martin Christ
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Negotiated Agreements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Religious Landscape

Chapter 8 centres on the Bautzen preacher Friedrich Fischer (1558–1623) and shows how the changing political and religious landscape of the early seventeenth century led to a repositioning of Lutheranism. A particularly valuable case study, Fischer demonstrates how Lutherans and Catholics constantly influenced each other, and how the complex mix of power resulted in negotiations with a wide range of actors: town councils, Lutheran preachers, Catholic deans, other clerics, representatives of the king of Bohemia, and sometimes even the king himself. The situation in these towns was never stagnant and councillors and clerics negotiated agreements throughout the sixteenth century. Fischer’s sermons show that this kind of continual compromise found its way into what was preached in Lusatia. Depending on the purpose and the audience, individuals like Fischer could criticize Calvinism or Catholicism, change their religious outlook, and leave out elements associated with Lutheranism, while at other times polemicizing against Catholics.

Daniel Weiman and Libri picturati A 16–31

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Simonini
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Final Shape ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

The history of the collection of zoological and botanical watercolours known as Libri Picturati A 16–31 is a long and complex one. Scholars have mainly focused on its origin and vicissitudes during the sixteenth century. Daniel Weiman (originally Weimann), Chancellor of Kleve, was possibly the third known owner of the 16-volume collection, but so far little attention has been paid to the vital role he played in the compilation of Libri Picturati A 16–31. This paper sets out to analyse the importance of Daniel Weiman and to chart the history of the volumes during the seventeenth century, when the collection assumed its final shape.

Blaming the messenger: a controversy in late Sanskrit poetics and its implications

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigal Bronner ◽  
Gary A Tubb
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Appayya Dīkṣita ◽  
Sanskrit Poetics ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe last active period in the tradition of Sanskrit poetics, although associated with scholars who for the first time explicitly identified themselves as new, has generally been castigated in modern histories as repetitious and devoid of thoughtfulness. This paper presents a case study dealing with competing analyses of a single short poem by two of the major theorists of this period, Appayya Dīkṣita (sixteenth century) and Jagannātha Paṇḍitarāja (seventeenth century). Their arguments on this one famous poem touch in new ways on the central questions of what the role of poetics had become within the Sanskrit world and the way in which it should operate in relation to other systems of knowledge and literary cultures.

Together but separate: How Muslim scholars conceived of religious plurality in South Asia in the seventeenth century

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouez Khalfoui
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The South ◽  
Religious Plurality ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Islamic Legal Theory

AbstractThe Al-Fatāwā al-Hindiyya Al-ʿĀlamjīriyya is a compendium of Islamic Ḥanafi law. It was written in South Asia during the second half of the seventeenth century with the goal of filling the gap between local social reality and Islamic legal theory. In order to establish an authoritative ruling, the authors compared the views of Central Asian scholars on Ḥanafi law, like those from Balakh and Bukhārā, with the opinions held by the Iraqi scholars, in particular Abū Ḥanīfa and his two disciples. This paper argues that the South Asian scholars shared more similarities with their Iraqi colleagues than with the Central Asian branch of the Ḥanafi school of law, although the latter were closer to them chronologically than the Iraqi scholars. Furthermore, the South Asian scholars' “permissive” point of view regarding non-Muslim residents may be ascribed to the pressure of the social reality in South Asia, which pushed them to search for a compromise between the population's ruling Muslim minority and the non-Muslim majority.

‘A thorn in the side of European geodesy’: measuring Paris–Greenwich longitude by electric telegraph

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL KERSHAW
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Precision Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Third ◽  
Astronomical Time ◽  
Time Determination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe difference in longitude between the observatories of Paris and Greenwich was long of fundamental importance to geodesy, navigation and timekeeping. Measured many times and by many different means since the seventeenth century, the preferred method of the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries made use of the electric telegraph. I describe here for the first time the four Paris–Greenwich telegraphic longitude determinations made between 1854 and 1902. Despite contemporary faith in the new technique, the first was soon found to be inaccurate; the second was a failure, ending in Anglo-French dispute over whose result was to be trusted; the third failed in exactly the same way; and when eventually the fourth was presented as a success, the evidence for that success was far from clear-cut. I use this as a case study in precision measurement, showing how mutual grounding between different measurement techniques, in the search for agreement between them, was an important force for change and improvement. I also show that better precision had more to do with the gradually improving methods of astronomical time determination than with the singular innovation of the telegraph, thus emphasizing the importance of what have been described as ‘observatory techniques’ to nineteenth-century practices of precision measurement.

Reconceptualizing regional security in South Asia: A critical security approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Barthwal-Datta ◽  
Soumita Basu
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Critical Approaches

South Asia has garnered much attention in international security scholarship and policymaking, not least due to the number of protracted armed conflicts in the region. Yet, the dominant discourse on regional security in South Asia fails to adequately capture the insecurities that undermine the everyday lives and livelihoods of a majority of South Asians. The article first interrogates this prevalent discourse to reveal the inadequacies of traditional state-centric regional security analysis in South Asia. Drawing on critical approaches to security, including concepts that have been developed in the region, it then offers a reconceptualization of regional security. A brief case study discussion on food insecurity is employed to develop, and demonstrate the relevance of, such an approach to identifying and addressing contemporary security imperatives in South Asia. In doing so, the article presents a critical approach to regional security that is deeply rooted in South Asian experiences.

scholarly journals The economic power of women in early South Asian Buddhism

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-76
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Central India ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formative Years

This article serves as a contribution to the financial primacy of Buddhist women in early historic South Asia. Presented here is a single case study from the first century bce monastic stūpa site from Central India called Sanchi whereby gender demographics are analysed over two subsequent stages of funding. Investments by women not only fuelled the construction of the built landscape but, as time went on, female donors were crucial to the economic solvency of the monastic institution at Sanchi. Such a micro-history of Buddhist women from classical India illustrates the agency of women during Buddhism’s formative years.

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