scholarly journals The Implementation of the Principle of Economy in the Formation of Psychological Terms in English and Russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Y.V. Yarovikova ◽  
E.A. Balygina
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Words ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation

The paper addresses the ways of applying economy principle to the sublanguage of psychology. The authors identify the most productive term formation methods, which show the tendency of both languages to compression of nominal words and phrases. In the system of psychological terms of the English language, the most productive ways of linguistic compression are affixation and compounding. The English terminological system is rich, functional and economical because of its unlimited potential for compounding and affixation. The Russian terminological system is more likely to enrich the vocabulary through phonetic borrowings, semantic derivation and calque. It is argued that the borrowings acquired by the Russian terminological system account for the multitude of synonymous terms. On the other hand, phonetic borrowings and semantic calque have enriched the vocabulary without effort and redundancy. It is concluded that economy principle plays a fundamental role in the creation of new words and their adaptation to the English and Russian terminological systems.

An analysis of the quality of english testing for Aviation purposes in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 26.1-26.14
Author(s):  
Ari Huhta
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Aviation English

This article describes and analyses the development of a new test of aviation English by the Finnish Civil Aviation Authority (FCAA), as well as the overall situation in Finland as regards the testing of aviation English. The article describes the FCAA development project and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the new test and the whole testing system, often with reference to the framework of test usefulness proposed by Bachman and Palmer (1996). The quality of the overall system in Finland appears to be quite variable as it is based on the principle of decentralization, in which the FCAA evaluates and approves different tests to be used for certifying the English language skills of aviation personnel. On the other hand, the FCAA commissioned the creation of a test of its own, which appears to have certain strengths, but also has some flaws, such as a lack of systematic double rating of speaking and very little centralized monitoring of overall quality.

An analysis of the quality of English testing for aviation purposes in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 26.1-26.14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Huhta
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Aviation English

This article describes and analyses the development of a new test of aviation English by the Finnish Civil Aviation Authority (FCAA), as well as the overall situation in Finland as regards the testing of aviation English. The article describes the FCAA development project and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the new test and the whole testing system, often with reference to the framework of test usefulness proposed by Bachman and Palmer (1996). The quality of the overall system in Finland appears to be quite variable as it is based on the principle of decentralization, in which the FCAA evaluates and approves different tests to be used for certifying the English language skills of aviation personnel. On the other hand, the FCAA commissioned the creation of a test of its own, which appears to have certain strengths, but also has some flaws, such as a lack of systematic double rating of speaking and very little centralized monitoring of overall quality.

CONTAMINATION AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE LUDIC WORD CREATION IN THE DISCOURSE ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE NEW GERMAN WORDS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
О.А. Никитина ◽  
О.А. Гудкова
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
New Words ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
The One

В статье рассматриваются новые контаминированные лексические единицы немецкого языка, возникшие в период пандемии коронавируса 2020 года. Выявляются особенности контаминации как способа образования новых слов, описываются формально-структурные и семантические типы контаминантов немецкого языка. Показано, что в анализируемом языковом материале преобладают фонетические фузионные контаминанты. Обосновывается понимание контаминации как особой игровой словотворческой стратегии, направленной на преодоление психологического дискомфорта в период пандемии коронавируса. Использование контаминации при образовании «коронеологизмов» определяется также стремлением к компрессии информации и реализации образно-выразительного потенциала контаминированных новообразований, возникающих благодаря установлению особых ассоциативных связей между синтаксически обособленными словами и привнесению элементов субъективного смысла. Путем анализа мотивационных основ и семантики новых контаминантов делается вывод о том, что языковые игры с контаминированными словами пользуются особой популярностью в «пандемическом» дискурсе за счет их коннотативного эмоционально-оценочного потенциала. Появление подобных в структурном и семантическом отношении контаминантов периода пандемии 2020 года в различных языках можно рассматривать двояко: с одной стороны, можно предположить заимствование уже готовых контаминированных единиц из английского языка, с другой стороны, речь может идти либо о неологическом полигенезисе (параллельном возникновении аналогичных новых слов в разных языках), либо об усилении уже имеющейся в немецком языке тенденции лексического развития под влиянием английского языка. В целом новая «коронавирусная» лексика, образованная путем контаминации, подтверждает тенденцию к лексической глобализации (прежде всего, под влиянием английского языка). The article deals with the new German contaminated lexical units that appeared during the coronavirus pandemic of 2020. The features of contamination as a way of coining new words are identified, and the formal-structural and semantic types of German contaminants are described. It is shown that the phonetic fusion contaminants predominate in the analyzed material. The article substantiates the understanding of contamination as a ludic word-creating strategy aimed at overcoming psychological discomfort during the pandemic. The use of contamination in the coining of "coroneologisms" is also determined by the wish to compress the information and to realize the figurative and expressive potential of contaminated words, which occurs due to the special associative links between syntactically separate words and the introduction of elements of subjective meaning. By analyzing the motivational basis and semantics of the new contaminants, it is concluded that language games with contaminated words are particularly popular in the "pandemic" discourse due to their connotative emotional and evaluative potential. The appearance of similar structural and semantic contaminants of the 2020 pandemic period in different languages can be considered in two ways: on the one hand, we can assume the borrowing of ready-made contaminated units from the English language, on the other hand, we can talk either about neological polygenesis (parallel emergence of similar new words in different languages), or about the strengthening of the lexical development trend already existing in German under the influence of English. In general, the new "coronavirus" vocabulary formed by contamination confirms the trend towards lexical globalization (primarily under the influence of the English language)

Scribes, Cooks, and Artisans: Breaking Zhou Tradition

Early China ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 241-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Bronze Inscriptions ◽  
Eastern Zhou

Bronze Inscriptions of the Western Zhou period show how ritualists were once dedicated to maintaining the ritual apparatus supporting the divine authority of the royal Zhou lineage. Bronze and bamboo texts of the Eastern Zhou period reveal, on the other hand, that ritualists able to manipulate local rulers reliant on their knowledge subsequently subverted power into their own hands. Ritualists such as scribes, cooks, and artisans were involved in the transmission of Zhou “power” through the creation and use of inscribed bronze vessels during feasts. The expansion and bureaucratization of their roles in the Chu state provided economic and ultimately political control of the state. This was particularly the case as the Chu, like the Zhou before them, fled east to escape western invaders.

scholarly journals Cultura y desarrollo: tendencias hegemónicas y contra-hegemonicas

2012 ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Daniel Cerdas Sandí
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Alternative Proposal ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Culture And Development ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
The Relationship

El trabajo busca presentar teorías o propuestas conceptuales sobre la relación cultura y desarrollo, pero no se limitará a una exposición de las mismas, sino que pretendemos realizar una crítica de la conceptualización de varias de estas nociones consideradas hegemónicas. Por otra parte, se presentará una propuesta alterna considerada más precisa y válida para entender la relación cultura y desarrollo en cuanto responde a un análisis propio de las estructuras socioeconómicas que condicionan dicho vínculo. ABSTRACT This paper aims to present the theoriesor proposals about the relationship between culture and development but this does not limited the exposition of both of them, but the creation of a critical of the conceptualization of some of the notions considered as hegemonic. In the other hand, we present an alternative proposal considered as more accurate and valid for us to understand the relationship culture – development as the response to an analysis from the socioeconomics structures that determine that link.

scholarly journals The Good, the Bad and the Ugly? The Dynamic Interplay Between Educational Practice, Policy and Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Van Geert ◽  
Henderien Steenbeek
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Dynamic Interplay ◽  
Interacting Components

The notion of complexity — as in “education is a complex system” — has two different meanings. On the one hand, there is the epistemic connotation, with “Complex” meaning “difficult to understand, hard to control”. On the other hand, complex has a technical meaning, referring to systems composed of many interacting components, the interactions of which lead to self organization and emergence. For agents, participating in a complex system such as education, it is important that they can reduce the epistemic complexity of the system, in order to allow them to understand the system, to accomplish their goals and to evaluate the results of their activities. We argue that understanding, accomplishing and evaluation requires the creation of simplex systems, which are praxis-based forms of representing complexity. Agents participating in the complex system may have different kinds of simplex systems governing their understanding and praxis. In this article, we focus on three communities of agents in education — educators, researchers and policymakers — and discuss characteristic features of their simplex systems. In particular, we focus on the simplex system of educational researchers, and we discuss interactions — including conflicts or incompatibilities — between their simplex systems and those of educators and policymakers. By making some of the underlying features of the educational researchers’ simplex systems more explicit – including the underlying notion of causality and the use of variability as a source of knowledge — we hope to contribute to clarifying some of the hidden conflicts between simplex systems of the communities participating in the complex system of education.

The Badkhn in Contemporary Hasidic Society: Social, Historical, and Musical Observations

2003 ◽  
pp. 279-296
Author(s):  
Yaakov Mazor
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Creation

This chapter discusses the badkhn in contemporary hasidic society. Hasidic society does not approve of radical innovations in relation to religious custom, and this is certainly true of the activities of badkhonim at weddings. Nevertheless, the hasidic leadership has been able to channel such activities into preferred directions, in accordance with its own conceptions and usages. Earlier practices that clashed with hasidic customs and beliefs have been discarded. On the other hand, mystical interpretation has invested some traditional values with new meanings. The badkhn's position has thus been strengthened, thanks to the legitimization of his activity from a religious point of view. The same is true of the badkhn's verses and the accompanying music. It would appear, however, that the shift of emphasis from form to content, to the inner meaning of the badkhn's activities, has resulted in the formation, on one hand, of rigorous new constraints and, on the other, of new possibilities for the creation of local or even individual, personal styles, depending on the relative involvement of the tsadikim in such activities.

scholarly journals On the Other Hand…: Enhancing Promotional Effectiveness with Haptic Cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Virginie Maille ◽  
Maureen Morrin ◽  
Ryann Reynolds-McIlnay
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Perceived Ownership ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Haptic Cues ◽  
Hand Action

People like graspable objects more when the objects are located on the dominant-hand side of their body or when the handles point toward their dominant-hand side. However, many products do not have handles or are not graspable (e.g., services, objects hanging on the wall). Can nongraspable products nevertheless benefit from the effects of appealing to viewers’ dominant hands? The present research shows that, yes, consumers respond more positively to nongraspable products if a haptic cue (an object that is graspable or suggestive of hand action) is located within the same visual field as the target and is positioned to appeal to the viewer’s dominant hand. This result is driven by the creation and transfer of perceived ownership from cue to target. These findings extend the use of haptic cues to nongraspable products and uncover the critical role played by perceived ownership, including its ability to transfer from one object to another located in the same visual field. Moreover, the current research demonstrates situations in which the use of haptic cues will not enhance response.

Oxymoronim as a Semantic Unity of Contrasts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Коробкина ◽  
N. Korobkina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Space ◽  
Stylistic Device

An oxymoronimis is considered as a reflection of linguistic duality and a result of conceptual integration. An oxymoronimas as a result of a modern word creation and an oxymoron as a well-known stylistic device are compared structurally and semantically. The key semantic sign of an oxymoronim (a unity of contrasts) is singled out. In addition to that a possible definition of this notion is stated.On the one hand a cognitive dissonance of an oxymoron is underlined, on the other hand an attention is paid on the instability, diffusion and emergence of an oxymoronim’s semantics. It is obviously possible to interpret a lexical meaning of an oxymoronim by means of the following: extralinguistic and linguistic contexts of its appearance and functioning and this nomination’ssynonymic paroemias. Uniqueness of an occasional oxymoronimis is noted for the Russian lingvoculture in view of quantitative leveling of these linguistic novelties in the communicative space of the modern English language.

On the Modernity of the Dutch Republic

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan deVries
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
European State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic

The political and economic institutions of the Dutch Republic puzzle the historian. Closely juxtaposed are elements suggesting a tantalizing precociousness and elements which hearken to the medieval past. The Republic was the creation of a revolution; it can be identified as the first European state to throw off a monarchical regime and bring a bourgeois social class to full political power. On the other hand, the foremost motive behind this rebellion was the resistance of medieval, municipal particularism to governmental centralization—to modernization, if you will.

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