GROUND TRUTH SOIL MOISTURE ESTIMATION ALONG WITH MINIMAL DRIZZLING TIME

The aim of this study was to determine the soil moisture along with minimal drizzling time using two methods using hot air convection oven (HA-CO) and microwave oven (MO) to find out the best method for estimation the soil moisture. The convection oven method was considered as the most accurate method to determine the soil moisture; hence, we utilized this method as source for assessing the results. The experiment was conducted in lab which was completely based on random 110 dry soil samples weight of approximately 100 gram from the bare land. In convection oven method we used 105 °C for 24 hours and in microwave oven method we used different thermal power (180, 360, 540, 720 and 900 watt) for different time duration. The result based on the RMSE between soil moisture retrieval from hot air convection oven method and soil moisture retrieval from microwave oven method. 720 watt takes 15 minutes to dry the soil while 900 watt takes 8 minutes; both are gives approximately same results as convection oven method, which takes 24 Hours. Therefore for retrieval of soil moisture we can utilize the microwave oven method at 900 watt power. The low RMSE for 900 watt is 0.51% shows that the microwave oven method is most convenient, time saving and safe method for retrieval of soil moisture.

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Impact of ASAR soil moisture data on the MM5 precipitation forecast for the Tanaro flood event of April 2009

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-11-3135-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3135-3149 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

G. Panegrossi ◽

R. Ferretti ◽

L. Pulvirenti ◽

N. Pierdicca

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

High Resolution ◽

Land Surface ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Precipitation Forecast ◽

Flood Event ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Moisture Field ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The representation of land-atmosphere interactions in weather forecast models has a strong impact on the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) and, in turn, on the forecast. Soil moisture is one of the key variables in land surface modelling, and an inadequate initial soil moisture field can introduce major biases in the surface heat and moisture fluxes and have a long-lasting effect on the model behaviour. Detecting the variability of soil characteristics at small scales is particularly important in mesoscale models because of the continued increase of their spatial resolution. In this paper, the high resolution soil moisture field derived from ENVISAT/ASAR observations is used to derive the soil moisture initial condition for the MM5 simulation of the Tanaro flood event of April 2009. The ASAR-derived soil moisture field shows significantly drier conditions compared to the ECMWF analysis. The impact of soil moisture on the forecast has been evaluated in terms of predicted precipitation and rain gauge data available for this event have been used as ground truth. The use of the drier, highly resolved soil moisture content (SMC) shows a significant impact on the precipitation forecast, particularly evident during the early phase of the event. The timing of the onset of the precipitation, as well as the intensity of rainfall and the location of rain/no rain areas, are better predicted. The overall accuracy of the forecast using ASAR SMC data is significantly increased during the first 30 h of simulation. The impact of initial SMC on the precipitation has been related to the change in the water vapour field in the PBL prior to the onset of the precipitation, due to surface evaporation. This study represents a first attempt to establish whether high resolution SAR-based SMC data might be useful for operational use, in anticipation of the launch of the Sentinel-1 satellite.

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Thermoeconomic Optimization of a Boiler Used in a Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant Based on Hot Air Temperature

International Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.14810/ijmech.2015.4205 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mukesh Gupta ◽

Raj Kumar

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Thermal Power Plant ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Hot Air

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Soil moisture measurement techniques for remote sensing ground truth: evaluation and performance test of soil moisture sensors

10.1117/12.298135 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

Teferi D. Tsegaye ◽

Charles A. Laymon ◽

William L. Crosson ◽

Tommy L. Coleman ◽

Narayan B. Rajbhandari

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Performance Test ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Moisture Measurement ◽

Soil Moisture Sensors ◽

And Performance ◽

Soil Moisture Measurement

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Assessment with Controlled In-Situ Data of the Dependence of L-Band Radiometry on Sea-Ice Thickness

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12040650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 650

Author(s):

Pablo Sánchez-Gámez ◽

Carolina Gabarro ◽

Antonio Turiel ◽

Marcos Portabella

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Brightness Temperature ◽

European Space Agency ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Ice Thickness ◽

Sea Ice Thickness ◽

In Situ Data ◽

L Band

The European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) missions are providing brightness temperature measurements at 1.4 GHz (L-band) for about 10 and 4 years respectively. One of the new areas of geophysical exploitation of L-band radiometry is on thin (i.e., less than 1 m) Sea Ice Thickness (SIT), for which theoretical and empirical retrieval methods have been proposed. However, a comprehensive validation of SIT products has been hindered by the lack of suitable ground truth. The in-situ SIT datasets most commonly used for validation are affected by one important limitation: They are available mainly during late winter and spring months, when sea ice is fully developed and the thickness probability density function is wider than for autumn ice and less representative at the satellite spatial resolution. Using Upward Looking Sonar (ULS) data from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), acquired all year round, permits overcoming the mentioned limitation, thus improving the characterization of the L-band brightness temperature response to changes in thin SIT. State-of-the-art satellite SIT products and the Cumulative Freezing Degree Days (CFDD) model are verified against the ULS ground truth. The results show that the L-band SIT can be meaningfully retrieved up to 0.6 m, although the signal starts to saturate at 0.3 m. In contrast, despite the simplicity of the CFDD model, its predicted SIT values correlate very well with the ULS in-situ data during the sea ice growth season. The comparison between the CFDD SIT and the current L-band SIT products shows that both the sea ice concentration and the season are fundamental factors influencing the quality of the thickness retrieval from L-band satellites.

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Microwave Oven Method for Rapid Determination of Moisture in Meat

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/58.6.1188 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 1188-1193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julio D Pettinati

Keyword(s):

Rapid Determination ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Microwave Oven ◽

Moisture Determination ◽

Oven Method ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

Aoac Method ◽

Air Blower ◽

Meat Samples

Abstract A new, rapid procedure was developed for moisture determination in meat. Results with the method were evaluated by comparative analysis with AOAC method 24.003(b). The new method is accurate, precise, and simple. Samples were prepared for drying by admixture with ferrous oxide and sodium chloride in glass weighing bottles and heating 2.5 mill in a domestic-type 1000 watt microwave oven. After heating, the residues were exposed 1 min in the stream of the oven chamber air blower, then covered and weighed. From comparative determinations on 67 meat samples containing from 3.5 to 77.9% moisture, meat type and moisture level were not significant (P = 0.05) sources of variation as determined by t-tests. Mean moisture content was 0.05% higher by the microwave oven method than by the AOAC method. Repeatability between duplicates was ± 0.47% moisture by microwave oven and ±0.45% by the AOAC method. Precision between paired determinations by the 2 methods was ±0.57% moisture. Both the t-test for significance (P = 0.05) and linear regression analysis of the comparative determinations indicated that the 2 methods were equivalent for determining moisture. Continued study of the method is recommended.

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Infrared Drying as a Quick Preparation Method for Dried Tangerine Peel

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2017/6254793 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mingyue Xu ◽

Guifang Tian ◽

Chengying Zhao ◽

Aftab Ahmad ◽

Huijuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging ◽

Short Wave ◽

Hot Air Drying ◽

Time Saving ◽

Drying Time ◽

Infrared Drying ◽

Sun Drying ◽

Hot Air ◽

Short Wave Infrared ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

To establish the most convenient and effective method to dry tangerine peels, different methods (sun drying, hot-air drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and medium- and short-wave infrared drying) were exploited. Our results indicated that medium- and short-wave infrared drying was the best method to preserve nutraceutical components; for example, vitamin C was raised to 6.77 mg/g (D.W.) from 3.39 mg/g (sun drying). Moreover, the drying time can be shortened above 96% compared with sun drying. Importantly, the efficiency of DPPH radical scavenging was enhanced from 26.66% to 55.92%. These findings would provide a reliable and time-saving methodology to produce high-quality dried tangerine peels.

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Advanced ground truth for remote sensing of soil moisture

10.1117/12.227171 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Brandelik ◽

Christof Huebner

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Ground Truth

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Experiment and Analytical Studies Jujube Drying by the Solar Assisted Convection Drying

Solar Energy ◽

10.1115/isec2004-65177 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Minghu Cui

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Characteristics ◽

Hot Air ◽

Air Convection ◽

Jujube Fruit ◽

Save Energy ◽

Drying Curves ◽

Mass Transfers ◽

And Behavior

An experimental setup, a mini-cabinet with reflector at its top, has been designed to study the drying process of jujube fruit by the convection and the solar radiation with hot air convection. The research experimentally investigated the drying characteristics and behavior of heat and mass transfer. Also, drying curves were analyzed. It demonstrated that solar energy could play an important role in promoting heat and mass transfers and saves energy consumed. The optimum conditions of appropriated temperature and humidity were obtained to save energy in solar energy convection drying process.

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Dual Receiver Concept for Solar Towers up to 100 MW

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2210501 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 293-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Eck ◽

R. Buck ◽

M. Wittmann

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Power Consumption ◽

Steam Generator ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

Thermal Power Plant ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Solar Thermal Power ◽

Hot Air ◽

Central Receiver

The dual receiver concept presented in this paper improves the adaptation of the central receiver to the steam cycle in a solar thermal power plant. By combination of an open volumetric air heater and a tubular evaporator the dual receiver concept profits from the advantages of these two concepts while their characteristic problems are avoided. The water is evaporated directly in the tubular steam generator; preheating and superheating are done in heat exchangers by using the hot air from the volumetric receiver. This paper presents a concept study that extends previous work on the 10MWel level (Buck et al., 2004, “Dual Receiver Concept for Solar Towers,” Proc. 12th Solar PACES Int. Symposium, Oct. 6–8, Oaxaca, Mexico) to a level of 100MWel, which is the expected power range of future plants. The results confirm the benefits of the new concept, resulting from higher thermal efficiency of the receiver and lower parasitic power consumption. The annual mean efficiency is increased from 13% to 16%. Advantageous are also the reduced thermal loads in the receiver components.

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