scholarly journals An Analysis of Kanthapura by Raja Rao: A Postcolonial Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 4701-4708
Author(s):  
Bisma Butt Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Raja Rao ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Religious Stereotypes

This study focuses the ‘Kanthapura’ to analyze the construction of historical consciousness in narratives and this fiction is used as literary aspect of nationalist ideology. Particularly, this work examines the political representation of women in Indian national movement in 1930 by using the theory of nationalism by Bhabha (1990). The study demystifies this novel to find out challenges of stereotypical Indian women and how they become solidified in the building process of Indian national identity. Kanthapura (Delhi Orient) is very much concerned to focus on the construction of Vedic Hindu ideal for women and the reason of writing true and authentic history to investigate the women’s issues they face during the colonial period of India. The study sheds light on imagined and true nature of nationalist discourse and its effect on women in postcolonial India. It is not concerned with those doctrines of nationalist sentiments which are generalized through religious stereotypes rather it is paradoxical in nature that begins to assume identification with European accounts of India so it explores the idea of political desirability that shapes and constructs the ideology and as well as it allows for the presentation of  unified identity of India.  

scholarly journals Women Mayors in Portugal: A Case Study in Political Representation and Citizenship

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (68) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antónia de Figueiredo Pires de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Introduction The article presents a historical analysis of the participation of women in Portuguese politics and reveals the positive effects of the introduction of the parity law in 2006. In the 2015 national elections, for the first time one third of the elected the Members of the Portuguese Parliament were women. However, in municipalities there is still a long way to go to reach this level of female political representation. Does the political system limit women’s access only to elected positions? Thus, important questions remain: why are women still a minority in local politics? What obstacles do they encounter? And what can be done to improve the situation? Materials and Methods For this investigation, data were collected on the electronic pages of municipalities and political parties, as well as in the press, to monitor the evolution of the presence of women in Portuguese local government, initially as members of the administrative commissions appointed to manage municipal councils from 1974 to the first elections that took place on December 12, 1976 and then as elected representatives from 1976 to the latest 2017 local elections, comparing this level with central government. Results The study of this group reveals higher educational levels and more specialized jobs among women than among men, particularly in teaching and management. There is also discussion of partisan membership and it is revealed that left-wing parties invest more in women for local government than do right-wing parties. Discussion Although four decades have passed since the democratic regime was established, the representation of women in politics is still incipient. We present some examples of policy actions that can encourage the presence of women in local government and increase their role as active citizens.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND WOMEN’S POLITICAL REPRESENTATION: AN ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE IN FORMAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN TURKEY FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Ayşe GÖNÜLLÜ ATAKAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Women And Gender Studies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Developed Countries

Today, the necessity of addressing development not only with its economic dimension but also with its social and environmental dimensions has been accepted by the international community. Alternative Women and Development approaches that emerged in the 1970s also emphasized that the idea of development without women would not be possible, and that the main development is possible with the empowerment of women as important actors of development. It is a dominant view that is agreed in the literature on women and gender studies that one of the most important tools for achieving empowerment, which is conceptualized as “gaining the ability of women to make strategic life choices”, is their participation in decision-making mechanisms. In this context, it is vital for women to participate in formal politics with their own perspective in order to solve their own problems based on their own gendered experiences. In this study, inadequate political representation of women in Turkey, as a candidate to be among the developed countries, is discussed from a gender perspective in terms of reasons, results and solutions. Keywords: Political participation, gender, women and development, empowerment.

scholarly journals GENDER BALANCE IN POLITICS: THE ITALIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT’S JUDGMENT Nº 4 OF 2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Athena De Albuquerque Farias
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
The Law ◽  
Italian Constitution

The aim of this study is to briefly analyse the under-representation of women in politics with a specific reference to Italy in the light of the Italian Constitutional Court Judgment nº 4 of 2010. Therefore, some concepts are of major importance to better understand the framework. in order to achieve gender balance on the basis of political representation in practice, parity must be enforced, and it may occur either for the parties themselves or by the law. Keywords: Woman in politics. Italian Constitution. Gender Balance.

State Feminism and Political Representation

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-538
Author(s):  
Lois Harder
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
State Feminism ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Women's Policy Agencies

State Feminism and Political Representation, Joni Lovenduski, ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. xix, 315.Lovenduski's edited volume is an 11-country (10 western European countries and the US), analysis of the effects of women's policy agencies on efforts to increase the representation of women in the political process—in legislatures, on party lists and in public administration. The book is the product of a 10-year collaboration among scholars involved in the Research Network on Gender Politics and the State and it exhibits the rich rewards that such a lengthy and involved affiliation among like-minded scholars can produce.

It Takes a State: A Policy Feedback Model of Women's Political Representation

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen McDonagh
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Feedback ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Feedback Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Office ◽  
The Public Sphere

American women attain more professional success in medicine, business, and higher education than do most of their counterparts around the world. An enduring puzzle is, therefore, why the US lags so far behind other countries when it comes to women's political representation. In 2008, women held only 16.8 percent of seats in the House of Representatives, a proportion that ranks America lower than 83 other countries. This article addresses this conundrum. It establishes that equal rights alone are insufficient to ensure equal access to political office. Also necessary are public policies representing maternal traits that voters associate with women. Such policies have feedback effects that teach voters that the maternal traits attributed to women represent strengths not only in the private sphere of the home but also in the public sphere of the state. Most other democracies now have such policies in place, but the United States lacks such policies, which accounts for its laggard status with regard to the political representation of women.

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