scholarly journals Perceptions about COVID-19 and their Myths and Belief: The Need to Provide Knowledge and Guidance to Public.

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 773-783
Author(s):  
Tejas H. L. Kawre, Dr. Swarupa Chakole
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
The Social ◽  
Explanatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Jimma University

Background: Efforts to promote COVID-19 will actually be in vain without a proper understanding of the perceptions and beliefs that prevail in society. That is why this study sought to identify the gaps in Ethiopia about COVID-19 false interpretation and lack of knowledge.Methods: A survey was conducted online in Ethiopia from 22 April to 4 May 2020. The connection to the questionnaire were announced via email, digital media and the Jimma University website. The perception of COVID-19 was based on World Health Organisation (WHO) sources and knowledge. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software was used to analyse the data. A list of categories and factors was developed for facilitators' perceptions, barriers and information needs. An explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to support the categorization. Standardized category means were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test. The p<0.05 value and significant differences were claimed as they were supposed to be taken as the very result of this article and further discussed in a manner of  strategy to identify the false belief and superstitions regarding COVID-19.Inference: The assumption that youth are at minimal chance of contracting COVID-19 requires continuous monitoring and attention. Communication chances and social participation activities need to take into account local and community variations in misbelief and fake assurances. Local efforts must be designed to meet source needs and increase community ownership of anti-viral measures, and should support efforts to address standard precautions. Various methods of communication must be used and appropriately understood to make out the misbelief and fake information.

Koronavirüs Salgınının Türkiye’deki Suriyelilere Etkileri Üzerine İlk İzlenimler

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-146
Author(s):  
Selma Akay Ertürk
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Short Time

Son dokuz yılda Türkiye’deki Suriyeli mültecilerin sayısı 3,5 milyonu geçmiştir ve bunların büyük bir çoğunluğu kamplar dışında yaşamaktadır. Koronavirüs (Kovid-19) salgını çok kısa bir süre içinde pek çok ülkeyi ve kıtayı etkisi altına almıştır. 11 Mart 2020’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ), Koronavirüs salgınını küresel bir salgın yani pandemi olarak ilan etmiş ve ülkelerden yayılmayı durdurmak için sıkı önlemler almasını istemiştir. Aynı tarihte 11 Mart 2020’de Türkiye’de ilk Koronavirüs vakası Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından duyurulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Koronavirüs’un Türkiye’deki Suriyelilere olan sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve mekansal etkilerini ve Türkiye’de Suriyelilere yardım eden kuruluşların bu salgın döneminde yani bu acil kriz durumuna verdikleri yanıtları incelemektir. Yerli ve yabancı literatür ile resmi kurumların verilerinden, web sayfalarında paylaştıkları bilgilerden ve medyada çıkan haberlerden faydalanılan bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de bulunan Suriyelilerin, Koronavirüs salgını döneminde uluslararası sınırları geçme veya Türkiye’de bulundukları yerde kalma konusunda karşılaştıkları seçenekler değerlendirilmiştir.  Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler Koronavirüs salgını döneminde yerel toplumun üyeleri gibi, ekonomik zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Early Reflections on the Effects of Coronavirus Pandemic on Syrian refugees in Turkey In the past nine years, the number of Syrian refugees in Turkey has exceeded 3.5 million, and the vast majority of them live outside the camps. Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has affected many countries and continents in a short time. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic and asked countries to take stringent measures to stop spreading. On March 11, 2020, on the same date the Ministry of Health, announced the first case of COVID-19 in Turkey. This study aims to analyze the social, economic, cultural and spatial effects of Coronavirus on the Syrian refugees in Turkey and to examine the response of the institutions and international and local NGO’s who support the Syrian refugees in Turkey during this pandemic, that is, in an emergency crisis. In this study, which utilizes the data of official institutions, the information they share on their web pages and the news in the media, options of Syrians in Turkey for crossing international borders or for staying in places where they live in Turkey in time of COVID-19 evaluated. During the Coronavirus outbreak, Syrians in Turkey faced with economic difficulties like members of the local community.

Human and Civil Rights and Freedoms in a State of Natural Disaster and Epidemic Emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Robert Socha ◽  
António Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a state of pandemic. In turn, on 21 March 2020, the Minister of Health, by way of a regulation, declared a state of epidemic in the territory of the Republic of Poland. At the same time, the decision resulted in the introduction of many restrictions concerning, inter alia, freedom of movement, assembly and trade. At the same time, discussions started on the constitutionality of the introduced restrictions on civil liberties. Having the above in mind, the aim of this article is to present the correlation in the sphere of limiting or suspending civil liberties in a state of emergency, such as a state of natural disaster, and in “non-emergency” states, such as a state of epidemic threat and a state of pandemic. Although the word “state” appears in the three mentioned legal situations, the state of natural disaster, as one of the three constitutional states of emergency, creates a different legal and socio-political situation than the state of epidemic threat or the state of pandemic. A common feature of the above-mentioned events, however, is that they became a fundamental disruption of the social context of individual and group functioning in connection with the occurrence of a human infectious disease.

scholarly journals Review on Rock Aquifers Researches Conducted in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Vynotdni Rathinasamy ◽  
Edy Tonnizam Mohammad ◽  
Ibrahim Komoo
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Metasedimentary Rock ◽  
World Health ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Negative Impacts

The exploration of groundwater in Malaysia was not very welcomed due to few misconceptions such as it is very expensive to extract, could give negative impacts to the environment and not reliable. Yet, in recent times, rock aquifers such as limestone, sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks, igneous rocks and metasedimetary rocks are being explored. This paper aims to review the researches that have been carried out on rock aquifers in Malaysia. In general, the topics studied were potential zonation, groundwater quality and quantity, occurrence and flow of groundwater as well as characterization of rock aquifers. The highest yielding aquifer was metasedimentary rock aquifers meanwhile the quality was good in general. Most of the aquifers were having neutral pH values and the total dissolved solids more than 100 mg/l. Moreover, granitic aquifers contained more hardness than the metasedimentary rocks. The iron content in the aquifers was higher than the limit set by World Health Organisation which is 0.3mg/l while salinity of aquifers were not tested in many aquifers. It can be vividly seen that many research were focused on quality. Hence, more researches on characterization of rock aquifers must be done for proper understanding on occurrence, flow and recharge.

scholarly journals Social Management in Pharmaceutical Healthcare Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Tsekhmister Yaroslav Volodymyrovych ◽  
Konovalova Tetiana ◽  
Tsekhmister Bogdan Yaroslavovych
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tree Diagram ◽  
Social Management ◽  
Management Issues

Aims: There is an increase in demand for the social environment regulations in the pharmaceutical companies, which is a crucial strategy issue in long-term planning due to the incidence of social influence. The influence of society over resource allocation and its control over innovation is all the perceptions of today's needs. This research aims to highlight the managerial issues faced by the pharmaceutical healthcare sector of Ukraine. Our study is unique as we have analyzed the whole pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine in terms of management issues. There is no such research done yet. In addition, we have also researched the official databases and laid down the models for management practices. Methodology: The research was done to analyze the major issues in the social management of the pharmaceutical healthcare system. In addition, the related studies based on managerial issues were studied. The following databases were used to study the guidelines: World Health Organisation, Food and Drug Administration, Internationational Council for Harmonization, and European Union. Results: The results were found to be when comparing behavioural studies with non-behavioural; non-behavioural was found to be 64%, whereas behavioural was 34%. To have an in-depth knowledge of the managerial issues, we have provided an inverted tree diagram representing the significant issues in pricing and medical expenditures. These contributed 21.7% of non-behavioural studies, and in behavioural studies, it was found to be consumer or physician-level behaviour 23.4% contributing the central part of the issue.   Conclusion: Here we conclude that the pharmaceutical healthcare sector plays a crucial role in the global healthcare of the general public-facing management issues; hence should be analyzed and follow the guidelines to analyze the issues within the company and set goals.    Therefore, improving the management of the pharma sector will, in turn, improve public health in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Attitudes of social welfare professionals of the concept of positive health in the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N van der Meer ◽  
J A J Dierx
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dutch Health ◽  
Health Concept

Abstract The current definition of health from the World Health Organisation seems to no longer meet the changes in the current Dutch health system. An alternative approach which puts emphasis on health, not disease, is Positive Health. The current and future developments in the health care system in the Netherlands are demanding different mentality and practice methods of social work and welfare professionals. In order to measure the extent to which there is support for positive health among the social welfare professionals, research must be carried out into the attitude of the professionals. In this study, the attitudes towards the concept of Positive Health of social welfare professionals are examined. Methods A mixed-method study was used, in which both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. By means of a survey (n = 128) and semi-structured interviews (n = 9), the attitude and working method of social workers were explored. Results Social welfare professionals find that the concept Positive health can contribute to an increase in resilience and self-management in citizens and patients. However, social welfare professionals wonder if all citizens and patients have the ability to self-manage skills. In addition, social welfare professionals think all domains of the positive health concept are regarded as important in defining health. Conclusions The concept of positive health is in line with the attitude of social welfare professionals and has support for implementation. In order to introduce the concept Positive Health further and to make it stand out in the social welfare domain, more attention needs to be paid to disseminating the concept, broadening the knowledge of the professionals and practical tools for practice. Key messages Positive Health concept connects professionals in health care and welfare. The concept of positive health is in line with the perceptions of health of the social welfare professionals.

scholarly journals Smart and Age-Friendly Cities in Russia: An Exploratory Study of Attitudes, Perceptions, Quality of Life and Health Information Needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9212
Author(s):  
Liliya Eugenevna Ziganshina ◽  
Ekaterina V. Yudina ◽  
Liliya I. Talipova ◽  
Guzel N. Sharafutdinova ◽  
Rustem N. Khairullin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ageing Population

In Russia, initiatives for healthy ageing have been growing over the last two decades; however, none use an evidence-based (EB) approach. It is proposed that Kazan, a city with a population of over a million in the European part of Russia, has good chances of moving towards age-friendliness and contributing to raising awareness about healthy ageing through Cochrane evidence. One of the eight essential features of age-friendly cities by the World Health Organisation (WHO) directly points to health services. This exploratory study assesses the health information needs of the ageing population of Kazan and the challenges people face in improving their health and longevity. Survey data were used from 134 participants, patients, caregivers and healthcare providers of the Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Centre (ICDC), aged from 30 to over 80 years, and potential associations of the studied parameters with age, gender, quality of life and other characteristics were analysed. Older people (60+) were less positive about their quality of life, took medicines more often on a daily basis (10/16 compared to 29/117 of people under 60), encountered problems with ageing (9/16 compared to 21/117 of people under 60) and rated their quality of life as unsatisfactory (4/14 compared to 9/107 of people under 60). Awareness of EB approaches and Cochrane was higher within health professions (evidence-based medicine: 42/86 vs. 13/48; Cochrane: 32/86 vs. 2/48), and health information needs did not differ between age or gender groups or people with a satisfactory and unsatisfactory quality of life. The minority (10%—13/134) were aware of ageism without age or gender differences. The low awareness calls for the need of Cochrane intervention both for consumers and those in the health profession to raise awareness to contribute to Kazan moving towards an age-friendly city.

scholarly journals Assessing Factors Contributing to Erratic Water Supply in Peri Urban Areas. A Case Study of Chazanga Compound in Lusaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Reuben Lazarus Zulu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shallow Wells

According to World Health Organisation, one person needs 20 litres of water per day for physiological and domestic purposes. However, in some places people received little or no water at all. This was the case of Chazanga compound where some households experienced erratic water supply daily. Erratic water supply resulted in people drawing water from shallow wells which were usually contaminated. Consumption of contaminated water led to diarrhoeal diseases. This prompted for research to be conducted in Chazanga compound. The main objective was to establish the factors contributing to erratic water supply in Chazanga compound. A questionnaire was administered to 397 households. The generated data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The results revealed that the problem of erratic water supply was real in Chazanga Compound. The other factors were poor management by the water supplier, high demand due to population growth and high cost of water. Erratic water supply in Chazanga made residents resort to drawing water from shallow wells, resulting in the increase in diarrhoea cases. The study further revealed that to avert the erratic water supply, the supplier needed to repair all leaking water distribution pipes, sink more boreholes and erect a bigger water reservoir. The other recommendations were to fit bigger distribution pipes, construct more communal taps, and improve the management of water supply by the water suppliers. The purpose of this research was to have an improved supply of safe and adequate water in Chazanga compound.

Prevalence of Hearing Loss in the Maltese Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-211
Author(s):  
Nicole Zammit ◽  
Doreen Susanne Micallef
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Maltese Islands ◽  
The Social ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
Privately Owned

The following retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in the Maltese Islands. It is estimated that this will be found to be between 1.4% and 15.2% of the population according to previous studies held by the Maltese National Census in 2011, estimations made by the World Health Organisation and published statistics by EuroStat. A significant correlation between HL and age of participants is expected. Correlations between HL and sex, region of inhabitancy and awareness of HL will also be calculated using Statistical Package for the Social Science. The data was collected by a privately owned company following the British Standard of Audiology’s procedure for Surveillance Audiometry and targeted a population of males and females 18 years and older. Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient showed a significant correlation between age and HL as hypothesised (0.578 with significance found at 0.01). All Pearson Chi-Square results however showed no significance on HL being correlated with sex, region, or awareness. On review, indications were found to further study the relationship between HL severity and sound pollution of varying localities. Awareness of HL requires further study more specific to this cause in order to extrapolate distinctive results. In conclusion, the prevalence of HL was found to be 2% of the population, thus confirming the hypothesis. Since participation was voluntary, the majority of which were elderly, the cohort did not produce a true random sample. A larger, more random sample would produce more accurate insight on HL prevalence in the Maltese Islands.

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

A Collaborative Study to Establish an International Standard for Alpha-Thrombin

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gaffney ◽  
A B Heath ◽  
J W Fenton II
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
And Control

SummarySince 1975 an International Standard for Thrombin of low purity has been used. While this standard was stable and of value for calibrating thrombins of unknown potency the need for a pure a-thrombin standard arose both for accurate calibration and for precise measurement of thrombin inhibitors, notably hirudin. An international collaborative study was undertaken to establish the potency and stability of an ampouled pure a-thrombin preparation. A potency of 97.5 international units (95% confidence limits 86.5-98.5) was established for the new a-thrombin standard (89/ 588) using a clotting-assay procedure. Stability data at various elevated temperatures indicated that the standard could be transported and stored with no significant loss of potency.Ampoules of lyophilised a-thrombin (coded 89/588) have been recommended as an International Standard for a-thrombin with an assigned potency of 100 international units per ampoule by the International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Thrombin and its Inhibitors Sub-Committee) in Barcelona, Spain in July 1990 while the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation and Control of the World Health Organisation will consider its status at its next meeting in Geneva in 1991.

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