scholarly journals Computational simulation including interpretation of the importance of the immune system in tumor growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 663-670
Author(s):  
Nidhi S Vaishnaw, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
The Many

The secret to tumor growth and survival is proliferation. Therefore, to plan and formulate a required therapy process, the study of the propagation rate is very important. The objective of the immune system is to protect against disease or other potentially harmful foreign bodies, a set of processes and mechanisms within the body. In regulating the growth of a tumor, different cells of our immune system perform their assigned function. Natural Killer cells, Dendritic cells, and CD8+ cells are among the many cells. In our scientific literature, in the presence of numerous family components of the human immune system, we have developed a mathematical model to evaluate the dynamics involved in tumor formation. We separated the population of tumor cells into proliferating and inactive subsets and felt that the cells of the immune system had little effect on the dormant cells. This partition of the universal tumor set into the subsets as mentioned has never been made in any of the previous research works. Also, to the best of authors’ knowledge, the compartment combination considered for the present work adds novelty to the article.

scholarly journals A novel combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy controls tumor growth in mice with a human immune system

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e1596005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Burlion ◽  
Rodrigo N. Ramos ◽  
Pukar KC ◽  
Kélhia Sendeyo ◽  
Aurélien Corneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human Immune

Immunization

2010 ◽  
pp. 460-464
Author(s):  
D. Goldblatt ◽  
M. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
The Body ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Human Immune

Immunization is one of the most successful medical interventions ever developed: it prevents infectious diseases worldwide. Mechanism of effect—the basis for the success of immunization is that the human immune system is able to respond to vaccines by producing pathogen-specific antibody and memory cells (both B and T cells) which protect the body should the pathogen be encountered....

scholarly journals The immune system as a biomonitor: explorations in innate and adaptive immunity

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20120099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Thomas ◽  
James Heather ◽  
Gabriel Pollara ◽  
Nandi Simpson ◽  
Theres Matjeka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Body Self

The human immune system has a highly complex, multi-layered structure which has evolved to detect and respond to changes in the internal microenvironment of the body. Recognition occurs at the molecular or submolecular scale, via classical reversible receptor–ligand interactions, and can lead to a response with great sensitivity and speed. Remarkably, recognition is coupled to memory, such that responses are modulated by events which occurred years or even decades before. Although the immune system in general responds differently and more vigorously to stimuli entering the body from the outside (e.g. infections), this is an emergent property of the system: many of the recognition molecules themselves have no inherent bias towards external stimuli (non-self) but also bind targets found within the body (self). It is quite clear that the immune response registers pathophysiological changes in general. Cancer, wounding and chronic tissue injury are some obvious examples. Against this background, the immune system ‘state’ tracks the internal processes of the body, and is likely to encode information regarding both current and past disease processes. Moreover, the distributed nature of most immune responses (e.g. typically involving lymphoid tissue, non-lymphoid tissue, bone marrow, blood, extracellular interstitial spaces, etc.) means that many of the changes associated with immune responses are manifested systemically, and specifically can be detected in blood. This provides a very convenient route to sampling immune cells. We consider two different and complementary ways of querying the human immune ‘state’ using high-dimensional genomic screening methodologies, and discuss the potentials of these approaches and some of the technological and computational challenges to be overcome.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota influence tumor development and Alter interactions with the human immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshan Ge ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Yali Guo ◽  
Junting Yan ◽  
Aliya Abuduwaili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Human Immune System

AbstractRecent scientific advances have greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex link between the gut microbiome and cancer. Gut dysbiosis is an imbalance between commensal and pathogenic bacteria and the production of microbial antigens and metabolites. The immune system and the gut microbiome interact to maintain homeostasis of the gut, and alterations in the microbiome composition lead to immune dysregulation, promoting chronic inflammation and development of tumors. Gut microorganisms and their toxic metabolites may migrate to other parts of the body via the circulatory system, causing an imbalance in the physiological status of the host and secretion of various neuroactive molecules through the gut-brain axis, gut-hepatic axis, and gut-lung axis to affect inflammation and tumorigenesis in specific organs. Thus, gut microbiota can be used as a tumor marker and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of malignant tumors.

Immune response by the human body to SARS-CoV 2 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
PD Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
First Line ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Lymphatic Organs

A new virus SARS-CoV2 is responsible for Covid-19. Many existing drugs were tried but failed to treat Covid-19 patients. To begin with our immune system also couldn’t cope with Covid-19, therefore within no time it became pandemic. It is a well-known fact that our body fights against all infections and inflammations through well-organized immune system. The human immune system is made up of individual cells (T and B cells) and proteins as well as entire organs and organ systems. The organs of the immune system include skin and mucous membranes, and the organs of the lymphatic system. The skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defense against germs entering from outside the body and once the infection enter in the organs and tissues lymphatic organs take over. Additionally, here we also described gut bacteria and food to build up immunity. In this way human beings are fight against the new virus SARS-CoV2 infections.

scholarly journals Computational Simulation of Tumor Surgical Resection Coupled with the Immune System Response to Neoplastic Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
J. Jesús Naveja ◽  
Flavio F. Contreras-Torres ◽  
Andrés Rodríguez-Galván ◽  
Erick Martínez-Lorán
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
System Response ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Immune System Response

Numerous mathematical and computational models have arisen to study and predict the effects of diverse therapies against cancer (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and even therapies under research with oncolytic viruses) but, unfortunately, few efforts have been directed towards development of tumor resection models, the first therapy against cancer. The model hereby presented was stated upon fundamental assumptions to produce a predictor of the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing a tumor resection. It uses ordinary differential equations validated for predicting the immune system response and the tumor growth in oncologic patients. This model could be further extended to a personalized prognosis predictor and tools for improving therapeutic strategies.

Time delays in proliferation process for solid avascular tumor under the action of external inhibitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550018
Author(s):  
Shihe Xu ◽  
Meng Bai
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Stationary Solutions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Avascular Tumor

In this paper a delayed mathematical model for tumor growth under the action of external inhibitors is studied. The delay represents the time taken for cells to undergo mitosis. External inhibitor means that an inhibitor is either developed from the immune system of the body or administered by medical treatment to distinguish with that secreted by tumor itself. Non-negativity of solutions is studied. Local and global stabilities of the stationary solutions are proved for some parameter values. The analysis of the effect of inhibitor's parameters on tumor's growth is presented. The results show that dynamical behavior of solutions of this model is similar to that of solutions for corresponding nondelayed model for some parameter values.

Immunology in the Era of Single-Cell Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 727-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Efremova ◽  
Roser Vento-Tormo ◽  
Jong-Eun Park ◽  
Sarah A. Teichmann ◽  
Kylie R. James
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
Genomics And Proteomics ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Many

Immune cells are characterized by diversity, specificity, plasticity, and adaptability—properties that enable them to contribute to homeostasis and respond specifically and dynamically to the many threats encountered by the body. Single-cell technologies, including the assessment of transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomics at the level of individual cells, are ideally suited to studying these properties of immune cells. In this review we discuss the benefits of adopting single-cell approaches in studying underappreciated qualities of immune cells and highlight examples where these technologies have been critical to advancing our understanding of the immune system in health and disease.

Robust Multi-Robot Cooperation Using an Idiotypic Model of Artificial Immune Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
Toar Imanuel ◽  
Yelnil Gabo ◽  
C. W. de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Artificial Immune Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Idiotypic Network ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Robot Cooperation ◽  
Multi Robot

The human immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and other organs that defend the body against foreign invaders called antigens. Jerne’s Idiotypic network theory concerns how an antibody in the immune system stimulates or suppresses another antibody and recognizes an antigen. Based on the principles of the human immune system and Jerne’s idiotypic network theory this paper presents a method for cooperation among robots in a multi-robot system. The developed cooperative multi-robot system is fully autonomous and distributed. In the present paper, cooperation is not assumed a priori. If a robot is unable to complete a task alone, the system autonomously chooses the appropriate number of suitable and most capable robots in the fleet to cooperate with each other in carrying out a global task. The approach developed in the paper incorporates robustness and fault tolerance in immune system–based multi-robot cooperation.

scholarly journals Mucosal Immunology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Sepehrnia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Lymphatic Organ ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Embryonic Organ

Approximately 80% of the pathogens that lead to deadly infections in humans choose mucosal tissue as the first site of infection. The mucosal surfaces of the body include the gastrointestinal tract, airways, oral cavity, and urogenital mucosa, which provide a large area conducive to the invasion and accumulation of many microorganisms and are of great importance in this regard. The large extent of mucus, as well as the accumulation of bacteria and countless foreign antigens in these areas, are the most important reasons for the importance of mucosal tissues. In addition to the myriad of symbiotic bacteria, large amounts of oral antigens (both pathogenic and non-pathogenic) enter a person’s body daily and human mucosal tissues are exposed to these antigens. The function of the mucosal immune system is to distinguish pathogenic antigens from non-pathogenic ones. In this way, against a large number of oral antigens or co-tolerant microorganisms, and pathogenic antigens, a favorable (and even non-inflammatory, possible) immune response is produced. Mucosal tissue, as the largest lymphatic organ in the body, is home to 75% of the lymphocyte population and produces the highest amount of immunoglobulin. The amount of secreted IgA (slgA) produced daily by mucosal surfaces is much higher than the IgG produced in the bloodstream. A 70 kg person produces more than 3 grams of IgA per day, which is about 70–60% of the total antibodies produced in the body. The first embryonic organ in which immune system cells are located in the intestine. Some researchers consider this organ (and specifically mucosal lymph nodes) to be the source of the human immune system.

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