CGRA MODULO SCHEDULING FOR ACHIEVING BETTER PERFORMANCE AND INCREASED EFFICIENCY

Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRA) is an effective solution for speeding up computer-intensive activities due to its high energy efficiency and flexibility sacrifices. The timely implementation of CGRA loops was one of the hardest problems in the analysis. Modulo scheduling (MS) was productive in order to implement loops on CGRAs. The problem remains with current MS algorithms, namely to map large and irregular circuits to CGRAs over a fair period of compilation with restricted computational and high-performance routing tools. This is mainly due to an absence of awareness of major mapping limits and a time consuming approach to solving temporary and space-related mapping using CGRA buffer tools. It aims to boost the performance and robust compilation of the CGRA modulo planning algorithm. The problem with the CGRA MS is divided into time and space and the mechanisms between the two problems have to be reorganized. We have a detailed, systematic mapping fluid that addresses the algorithms of the time mapping problem with a powerful buffer algorithm and efficient connection and calculation limitations. We create a fast-stable algorithm for spatial mapping with a retransmission and rearrangement mechanism. With higher performance and quicker build-up time, our MS algorithm can map loops to CBGRA. The results show that, given the same compilation budget, our mapping algorithm results in a better rate for compilation. The performance of this method will be increased from 5% to 14%, better than the standard CGRA mapping algorithms available.

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PHEMTO: the polarimetric high energy modular telescope observatory

Experimental Astronomy ◽

10.1007/s10686-021-09723-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P. Laurent ◽

F. Acero ◽

V. Beckmann ◽

S. Brandt ◽

F. Cangemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Holes ◽

Energy Range ◽

High Performance ◽

Angular Resolution ◽

High Energy ◽

Thermal Processes ◽

Scientific Performance ◽

X Ray ◽

Measurement Capability ◽

Better Than

AbstractBased upon dual focusing techniques, the Polarimetric High-Energy Modular Telescope Observatory (PHEMTO) is designed to have performance several orders of magnitude better than the present hard X-ray instruments, in the 1–600 keV energy range. This, together with its angular resolution of around one arcsecond, and its sensitive polarimetry measurement capability, will give PHEMTO the improvements in scientific performance needed for a mission in the 2050 era in order to study AGN, galactic black holes, neutrons stars, and supernovae. In addition, its high performance will enable the study of the non-thermal processes in galaxy clusters with an unprecedented accuracy.

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Similarity-Aware Architecture/Compiler Co-Designed Context-Reduction Framework for Modulo-Scheduled CGRA

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10182210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 2210

Author(s):

Zhongyuan Zhao ◽

Weiguang Sheng ◽

Jinchao Li ◽

Pengfei Ye ◽

Qin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

High Energy ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Context Word ◽

Large Area ◽

Modulo Scheduling ◽

Area Efficiency ◽

Reconfigurable Array ◽

Index Value ◽

Level Parallelism

Modulo-scheduled coarse-grained reconfigurable array (CGRA) processors have shown their potential for exploiting loop-level parallelism at high energy efficiency. However, these CGRAs need frequent reconfiguration during their execution, which makes them suffer from large area and power overhead for context memory and context-fetching. To tackle this challenge, this paper uses an architecture/compiler co-designed method for context reduction. From an architecture perspective, we carefully partition the context into several subsections and only fetch the subsections that are different to the former context word whenever fetching the new context. We package each different subsection with an opcode and index value to formulate a context-fetching primitive (CFP) and explore the hardware design space by providing the centralized and distributed CFP-fetching CGRA to support this CFP-based context-fetching scheme. From the software side, we develop a similarity-aware tuning algorithm and integrate it into state-of-the-art modulo scheduling and memory access conflict optimization algorithms. The whole compilation flow can efficiently improve the similarities between contexts in each PE for the purpose of reducing both context-fetching latency and context footprint. Experimental results show that our HW/SW co-designed framework can improve the area efficiency and energy efficiency to at most 34% and 21% higher with only 2% performance overhead.

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VR-Cluster: Dynamic Migration for Resource Fragmentation Problem in Virtual Router Platform

Scientific Programming ◽

10.1155/2016/3976965 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Xianming Gao ◽

Baosheng Wang ◽

Xiaozhe Zhang

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Network Architecture ◽

High Performance ◽

Network Virtualization ◽

Mapping Algorithms ◽

Mapping Algorithm ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Cluster Dynamic ◽

Resource Fragmentation ◽

Management Plane

Network virtualization technology is regarded as one of gradual schemes to network architecture evolution. With the development of network functions virtualization, operators make lots of effort to achieve router virtualization by using general servers. In order to ensure high performance, virtual router platform usually adopts a cluster of general servers, which can be also regarded as a special cloud computing environment. However, due to frequent creation and deletion of router instances, it may generate lots of resource fragmentation to prevent platform from establishing new router instances. In order to solve “resource fragmentation problem,” we firstly propose VR-Cluster, which introduces two extra function planes including switching plane and resource management plane. Switching plane is mainly used to support seamless migration of router instances without packet loss; resource management plane can dynamically move router instances from one server to another server by using VR-mapping algorithms. Besides, three VR-mapping algorithms including first-fit mapping algorithm, best-fit mapping algorithm, and worst-fit mapping algorithm are proposed based on VR-Cluster. At last, we establish VR-Cluster protosystem by using general X86 servers, evaluate its migration time, and further analyze advantages and disadvantages of our proposed VR-mapping algorithms to solve resource fragmentation problem.

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Advances in imaging SIMS studies of stained and BrdU-labelled human metaphase chromosomes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141032 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 932-933

Author(s):

R. Levi-Setti ◽

J. M. Chabala ◽

R. Espinosa ◽

M. M. Le Beau

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Analytical Sensitivity ◽

Metaphase Chromosomes ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Sector Mass Spectrometer ◽

Staining Methods ◽

The University ◽

Secondary Ion ◽

Better Than

We have shown previously that isotope-labelled nucleotides in human metaphase chromosomes can be detected and mapped by imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), using the University of Chicago high resolution scanning ion microprobe (UC SIM). These early studies, conducted with BrdU- and 14C-thymidine-labelled chromosomes via detection of the Br and 28CN- (14C14N-> labelcarrying signals, provided some evidence for the condensation of the label into banding patterns along the chromatids (SIMS bands) reminiscent of the well known Q- and G-bands obtained by conventional staining methods for optical microscopy. The potential of this technique has been greatly enhanced by the recent upgrade of the UC SIM, now coupled to a high performance magnetic sector mass spectrometer in lieu of the previous RF quadrupole mass filter. The high transmission of the new spectrometer improves the SIMS analytical sensitivity of the microprobe better than a hundredfold, overcoming most of the previous imaging limitations resulting from low count statistics.

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Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

10.26434/chemrxiv.9730694.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽

Tao LI

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Solar Energy ◽

High Performance ◽

High Energy ◽

Solar Thermal ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Low Grade ◽

Thermal Battery ◽

Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

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Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

10.26434/chemrxiv.9730694 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽

Tao LI

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Solar Energy ◽

High Performance ◽

High Energy ◽

Solar Thermal ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Low Grade ◽

Thermal Battery ◽

Low Grade Heat

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Defect-induced B4C electrodes for high energy density supercapacitor devices

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90878-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Özge Balcı ◽

Merve Buldu ◽

Ameen Uddin Ammar ◽

Kamil Kiraz ◽

Mehmet Somer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Carbon ◽

High Performance ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

High Energy Ball Mill ◽

Energy Ball ◽

G Ratio ◽

Energy And Power Density

AbstractBoron carbide powders were synthesized by mechanically activated annealing process using anhydrous boron oxide (B2O3) and varying carbon (C) sources such as graphite and activated carbon: The precursors were mechanically activated for different times in a high energy ball mill and reacted in an induction furnace. According to the Raman analyses of the carbon sources, the I(D)/I(G) ratio increased from ~ 0.25 to ~ 0.99, as the carbon material changed from graphite to active carbon, indicating the highly defected and disordered structure of active carbon. Complementary advanced EPR analysis of defect centers in B4C revealed that the intrinsic defects play a major role in the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor device once they have an electrode component made of bare B4C. Depending on the starting material and synthesis conditions the conductivity, energy, and power density, as well as capacity, can be controlled hence high-performance supercapacitor devices can be produced.

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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Polymer-Grafted Low-K and High-K Nanoparticles for Dielectric and Electronic Applications

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2942

Author(s):

Bhausaheb V. Tawade ◽

Ikeoluwa E. Apata ◽

Nihar Pradhan ◽

Alamgir Karim ◽

Dharmaraj Raghavan

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Polymer Nanocomposites ◽

High Performance ◽

Breakdown Strength ◽

Polymer Nanocomposite ◽

High Energy ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Grafted Nanoparticles ◽

Grafting From

The synthesis of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) or hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) by tethering of polymer chains to the surface of nanoparticles is an important technique to obtain nanostructured hybrid materials that have been widely used in the formulation of advanced polymer nanocomposites. Ceramic-based polymer nanocomposites integrate key attributes of polymer and ceramic nanomaterial to improve the dielectric properties such as breakdown strength, energy density and dielectric loss. This review describes the ”grafting from” and ”grafting to” approaches commonly adopted to graft polymer chains on NPs pertaining to nano-dielectrics. The article also covers various surface initiated controlled radical polymerization techniques, along with templated approaches for grafting of polymer chains onto SiO2, TiO2, BaTiO3, and Al2O3 nanomaterials. As a look towards applications, an outlook on high-performance polymer nanocomposite capacitors for the design of high energy density pulsed power thin-film capacitors is also presented.

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Sulfur vacancies in Co9S8-x/N-doped graphene enhancing electrochemical kinetics to high-performance lithium sulfur batteries

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d1ta00800e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haojie Li ◽

Yihua Song ◽

Kai Xi ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Sheng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cathode Materials ◽

High Performance ◽

Catalytic Conversion ◽

High Energy ◽

Electrochemical Kinetics ◽

Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽

Doped Graphene ◽

Sulfur Battery ◽

Areal Capacity ◽

Lithium Sulfur

A sufficient areal capacity is necessary for achieving high-energy lithium sulfur battery, which requires high enough sulfur loading in cathode materials. Therefore, kinetically fast catalytic conversion of polysulfide intermediates is...

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Efficient Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfides by Biomimetic Design of “Branch-Leaf” Electrode for High-Energy Sodium–Sulfur Batteries

Nano-Micro Letters ◽

10.1007/s40820-020-00563-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wenyan Du ◽

Kangqi Shen ◽

Yuruo Qi ◽

Wei Gao ◽

Mengli Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Sites ◽

High Performance ◽

Electrochemical Reaction ◽

Molecular Layer ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

High Energy ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Biomimetic Design ◽

Co Nanoparticles ◽

Sodium Sulfur

AbstractRechargeable room temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are seriously limited by low sulfur utilization and sluggish electrochemical reaction activity of polysulfide intermediates. Herein, a 3D “branch-leaf” biomimetic design proposed for high performance Na–S batteries, where the leaves constructed from Co nanoparticles on carbon nanofibers (CNF) are fully to expose the active sites of Co. The CNF network acts as conductive “branches” to ensure adequate electron and electrolyte supply for the Co leaves. As an effective electrocatalytic battery system, the 3D “branch-leaf” conductive network with abundant active sites and voids can effectively trap polysulfides and provide plentiful electron/ions pathways for electrochemical reaction. DFT calculation reveals that the Co nanoparticles can induce the formation of a unique Co–S–Na molecular layer on the Co surface, which can enable a fast reduction reaction of the polysulfides. Therefore, the prepared “branch-leaf” CNF-L@Co/S electrode exhibits a high initial specific capacity of 1201 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and superior rate performance.

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