The Crime of Precocious Sexuality: Female Juvenile Delinquency in the Progressive Era

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Schlossman ◽  
Stephanie Wallach
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Minority Children ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Female Delinquents

The juvenile justice system's discrimination against poor and minority children has been well documented, but the system's discrimination on the basis of gender has been less widely recognized. Drawing on neglected court records and secondary sources, Steven Schlossman and Stephanie Wallach show how girls bore a disproportionate share of the burden of juvenile justice in the Progressive era. The authors note that during the Progressive era female juvenile delinquents often received more severe punishments than males, even though boys usually were charged with more serious crimes. Schlossman and Wallach conclude that the discriminatory treatment of female delinquents in the early twentieth century resulted from racial prejudice, new theories of adolescence, and Progressive-era movements to purify society.

Juvenile Delinquents’ Use of Consumption as Cultural Resistance: Implications for Juvenile Reform Programs and Public Policy

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Ozanne ◽  
Ronald Paul Hill ◽  
Newell D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Current Reform ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Shed Light

Each year, the juvenile justice system spends billions of dollars to handle approximately 700,000 youths. Yet the rate of recidivism remains high and suggests that this problem and its solutions are not understood fully. The problem of juvenile delinquency exacts a high toll on society in terms of the loss of property, life, and, each year, more disaffected youth. Using ethnographic data as a basis, the authors explore the experiential world of a group of institutionalized, young offenders. By focusing on the meaning of crime and consumption for these youths, the authors hope to shed light on how crime and consumption are used to produce a style of resistance. In the meaning of their possessions, these juvenile delinquents both affirm and disaffirm some of the dominant values in society. The authors use these impulses in the youths’ lives to inform the conduct of current reform programs, as well as public policy.

Juvenile Justice in Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Mumin Sa’ad
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Mens Rea ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Criminal Intent ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Post Trial

One feature of the crime situation in Nigeria is the involvement of juveniles in some criminal and/or dubious activities, which is referred to as juvenile delinquency. In Nigeria the laws define delinquency in terms of the age of those involved rather than in terms of their offences. In Children and Young Person Law, a distinction is made between a person who is yet 14 years and one who is 14 years but not yet above 16 years. The former is a ‘child’ and the latter a ‘young person’ Therefore any offence committed by a person above 16 is a crime not delinquency. Universally, delinquents are immature and therefore incapable of ‘mens rea’ (criminal intent) and ‘actus reus’ (criminal act). To this effect, regulations (laws) pertaining to treatment of delinquents apart from the adult criminals were enacted and documented, thus setting up separate justice system called juvenile justice, which is the focus of this paper. The enactments of these laws were meant to protect the child from the highly technical, cumbersome and harsh adversatorial nature of procedure characteristics of ordinary courts. They were also meant to protect the welfare of the children in the dispensation of justice. Despite the universal proclamation that juvenile delinquents should be rehabilitated and not to be punished, studies have indicated that some juvenile institutions are essentially custodial rather than treatment oriented .This paper therefore critically assessed the pre-trial, trial and post-trial handling of juvenile delinquents in Nigeria vis-à-vis the requirements of juvenile justice at each of the three stages. The paper concludes with series of educated recommendations for the improvement of juvenile justice in Nigeria.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

GOVERNMENT/BUSINESS SYNERGY: EARLY AMERICAN INNOVATIONS IN BUDGETING AND COST ACCOUNTING

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Penny Marquette ◽  
Richard K. Fleischman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
American Government ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Early American ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Governmental Budgeting

This paper examines certain interactions between American government and business which resulted in important innovations in the areas of budgeting and cost accounting early in the twentieth century. The evidence suggests that budgeting methods were initially developed by municipal reformers of the Progressive era and were subsequently adapted by business for planning and control purposes. In like fashion, standard costing and variance analysis were significant cost accounting techniques born to an industrial environment which came to contribute markedly to a continuing improvement of governmental budgeting procedures.

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-457
Author(s):  
Niels L. Low ◽  
Shelton P. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Breath Holding

One hundred juvenile delinquents were examined electroencephalographically in order to investigate the incidence and importance of obvious or previously unrecognized temporal lobe epilepsy. This correlation was not found to be significant. Twenty-nine patients were found to have 14 and 6 per second positive spikes. Inquiry also revealed that 13 of the 89 teenagers, for whom a good history could be obtained, had had breath-holding spells in earlier years.

scholarly journals Roles of Christian campus fellowships in the fight against cultism in Nigerian universities

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collins I. Ugwu ◽  
Onyekachi G. Chukwuma
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The University ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
University Community

Cultism is prevalent in most tertiary institutions in Africa. There is no gainsay that this vice is generally unacceptable from both socio-cultural and religious viewpoints. Unfortunately, despite the detrimental tendencies associated with it, some students actively engage in it. Hence, various governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have risen to campaign against cultism in tertiary institutions. The thrust of this research, therefore, is to investigate the roles of Christian campus fellowships in the fight against cultism amongst students of Nigerian universities, with reference to the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). It also explores the challenges which the activities of cult groups pose to the university community. Utilising the descriptive method of data analysis, this work discovered that Christian campus fellowships are both a significant and a veritable tool in the fight against cultism in the UNN. As part of her primary and social responsibilities, Christian campus fellowships preach and teach against cult activities in tertiary institutions. They also intervene through some philanthropic gestures and other ecclesiastical activities which are primarily geared towards inculcating right values and godly characters in students, encouraging students who are members of cult groups to denounce their membership and also discouraging students from joining cult groups. The data for this research were drawn from both primary (personal communication) and secondary sources (books, journals and internet materials). The major finding of this article reveals that Christian campus fellowships in the UNN, have made remarkable strides in the campaign against the involvement of students in cultism.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article explicitly lays bare the contributions of Christian campus fellowships in order to bring cult practices to a barest minimum amongst students of the UNN. The study contributes to modern discourses on juvenile delinquency with respect to disciplines such as religion, sociology, social work and psychology.

HEALTH CARE FOR JUVENILE DELINQUENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Victor Eisner ◽  
Robert I. Sholtz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Young People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
National Council ◽  
Health Supervision ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Detention Facilities

Pediatricians have long interested themselves in the health of juvenile delinquents. The Academy first appointed a Committee on Juvenile Delinquency in 1955. Although this Committee has changed its title to the Committee on Youth and has expanded its role to include other problems and concerns of young people, it still concerns itself with the health supervision of youth in detention facilities. It has now developed, with the endorsement of the National Council of Juvenile Court Judges, written standards for health care provided in juvenile court institutions.1 Juvenile delinquents come largely from low income families, and often from families with serious social problems.

Conclusion

Mettray ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Custodial Care

This chapter summarizes the insights on Mettray's regime as a carceral institution for boys. Mettray's birth in 1840 marked the initial diffusion of the modern disciplinary realm. Yet, by the time of its close in 1937, Mettray was not a laboratory of modernity but a shell of its former self, having devolved from the reformist vision of its founder to little more than a custodial care facility. What started out as a progressive and utilitarian project, based on the optimistic belief that juvenile delinquents and wayward youth could be reformed, grew increasingly carceral and punitive amid creeping doubts about whether such changes were possible. By the dawn of the twentieth century those doubts had accumulated into a pervasive sense of futility and failure.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Expressive Culture ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cultural Negotiation ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

This is an interdisciplinary study of how Kiowa men and women made, wore, displayed and discussed expressive culture. Kiowa men and women used the arts to represent new ways of understanding and representing Kiowa identity that resonated with their changed circumstances during the Progressive Era and twentieth century. Kiowas represented themselves individually and collectively through cultural production that emphasized the significance of change and cultural negotiation, gender, the ties and tensions over tribally specific and intertribal identities.

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