LATGALIAN PLACE NAMES AND PERSONAL NAMES IN THE CONTEXT OF LIVONIA IN THE 1599 POLISH CENSUS

Via Latgalica ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Otīlija Kovaļevska
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Structure Of Population

The 1599 Inflanty census materials published in 1915 by Polish historians Jan Jakubowski and Józef Kordzikowski are abundant and in some ways a unique source of place names and personal names of the 16th century that reveal Latgalian personal names and place names of that time within the context of Livonia. The document relates to 13 castle areas, covering a large part of the present territory of Latgale, Vidzeme and Estonia. It is based on a uniform methodology and at one time, therefore, it is possible to compare the castle areas with each other, and, taking into account the succeeding historical events, to judge about the further development of the place names and personal names (eventually – family names) in Vidzeme and Latgale. The purpose of the research: 1) to compare the onomastic material of the 1599 census with the contemporary map, to attempt to restore the geography of the mentioned castle areas, to identify the earliest possible place names and family names preserved to the present day; 2) with the help of other 16th and 17th century sources, to attempt to formulate the different regularities of the formation of a place names and family names in Vidzeme and Latgale, especially viewing Latgale against the background of Livonia. This mainly refers to differences in the structure of the population (farmsteads in Vidzeme and villages in Latgale), as well as the different development of family names (there was no such campaign of awarding surnames in Latgale as there was in Vidzeme after the abolition of serfdom in the 19th century, because in Latgale family names already existed at that time). Consequently, the 1599 document may help to find out whether these differences have appeared later as a result of living in different (Polish, Swedish) cultural spaces, or maybe they have some older roots related to the time before the division of Livonia. The analysis of the material was carried out with the help of Excel software (data structuring, selection, collection and processing of statistical data). The cartographic method is applied to seek correlation between the proper names mentioned in the 1599 census and modern place names in Latgale and Vidzeme; for comparison a brief overview into the descriptions of Estonian castle areas is given. It is concluded that the descriptions of the castle areas of the Latvian part of Livonia – Latgale and Vidzeme – are similar in some respects, but differ greatly from the descriptions of the Estonian castle areas: in the Latvian part villages are mentioned occasionally, but in Estonia the territory is mostly structured in villages, and the names of these villages are still recognizable on a contemporary map. Unlike the names of farmsteads in Vidzeme, many village names in modern Latgale have apparently appeared in later centuries, but the structure of population in Latgale and Vidzeme in the 16th century was similar: a number of small scattered groups of homes, which later grew into villages as the number of inhabitants increased in Latgale. There are surprisingly many family/ place names in both Latgale and Vidzeme, for example, Beitāni/ Beitēni, Beiti, Brici, Breidaki/ Brīdaki, Dauguļi, Panķāni, Prikņi, which may be evidence of some common “space” in which these names were formed. On the contemporary map of Vidzeme one can find even more “footprints” of the proper names mentioned in 1599 than in Latgale. Perhaps this can be explained by documentation and mapping of homes in the 17th century Swedish censuses. In Latgale, an intensive formation of single name populated areas took place in the 18th century, in addition, the first large scale mapping was carried out one century later than in Vidzeme – in 1784. The beginnings of family names appear to have been alike throughout Livonia. In 1599 the Polish and in 1601 the Swedes still continue the habit started in Livonia to write alongside the christened name some qualifying name that could be shared by a larger group of people such as the family. After the division of Livonia in the Polish Inflanty, they continued to develop in the same way as in Poland and Lithuania, while in the Swedish Vidzeme apparently more attention was paid to place names while a large part of the population remained without family names.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

scholarly journals Személynév – etnikai sztereotípia – előítélet

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Takács
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Positive Discrimination

Personal name – ethnic stereotypes – prejudices. Findings of an examination The paper examines categorization and stereotypes from the perspective of social psychology, using the findings of so-called type creation and prototype theory. In connection with a group of personal names, i.e. the names that can be related to Roma ethnic groups, the author analyses the processes of developing stereotypes and prejudices, focusing primarily on how proper names as potential information sources to judge ethnic categories are involved in developing stereotypes. The author’s findings show that the correlation between the examined ethnic-marking first and/or family names (Levente Szabó, Bence Orsós, Rikárdó Kovács, Renátó Lakatos) and the assessments of the papers handed in is insignificant. Even the strongest correlation based on variation analysis is insignificant, which means that the results deduced from over 300 assessments examined by the author do not support the assumed connection between ethno-stereotypical names and lower grades in school. With respect to the examined typical ethnic-marking name form consisting of both a first and a family name (Renátó Lakatos) positive discrimination cannot be unambiguously proven either on the basis of the materials at hand.

scholarly journals Maciej Ziemierski, Testamenty krakowskiej rodziny Królików z XVII w.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Maciej Ziemierski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town ◽  
Distinguished Member

17th century testaments of the Królik family from Krakow The article is dedicated to the Królik family from Krakow, who lived in the town from the late 16th century until the first years of the 18th century. The family members initially worked as tailors, later reinforcing the group of Krakow merchants in the third generation (Maciej Królik). Wojciech Królik – from the fourth generation – was a miner in Olkusz. The text omits the most distinguished member of the family, Wojciech’s oldest brother, the Krakow councillor Mikołaj Królik, whose figure has been covered in a separate work. The work shows the complicated religious relations in the family of non-Catholics, initially highly engaged in the life of the Krakow Congregation, but whose members gradually converted from Evangelism to Catholicism. As a result, Wojciech Królik and his siblings became Catholics. This work is complemented by four testaments of family members, with the first, Jakub Królik’s, being written in 1626 and the last one, Wojciech Królik’s, written in 1691.

The first Russian dictionaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Н.Е. Касьяненко
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Статья посвящена истории развития словарного дела на Руси и появлению первых словарей. Затрагиваются первые, несловарные формы описания лексики в письменных памятниках XI–XVII вв. (глоссы), из которых черпался материал для собственно словарей. Анализируются основные лексикографические жанры этого времени и сложение на их основе азбуковников. В статье уделено внимание таким конкретным лексикографическим произведениям, как ономастикону «Рѣчь жидовскаго «зыка» (XVIII в.), словарям-символикам «Толк о неразумнех словесех» (XV в.) и «Се же приточне речеся», произвольнику, объясняющему славянские слова, «Тлъкование нεоудобь познаваεмомъ въ писаныхъ рѣчемь» (XIV в.), разговорнику «Рѣчь тонкословія греческаго» (ХV в.). Характеризуется словарь Максима Грека «Толкованіе именамъ по алфавиту» (XVI в.). Предметом более подробного освещения стал «Лексис…» Л. Зизания – первый печатный словарь на Руси. На примерах дается анализ его реестровой и переводной частей. Рассматривается известнейший труд П. Берынды «Лексикон славеноросский и имен толкование», а также рукописный «Лексикон латинский…» Е. Славинецкого, являющий собой образец переводного словаря XVII в. The article is dedicated to the history of the development of vocabulary in Russia and the emergence of the first dictionaries. The first, non-verbar forms of description of vocabulary in written monuments of the 11th and 17th centuries (glosses), from which material for the dictionaries themselves were drawn, are affected. The main lexicographical genres of this time are analyzed and the addition of alphabets on their basis. The article focuses on specific lexicographical works such as the «Zhidovskago» (18th century) the dictionaries-symbols of «The Talk of Unreasonable Words» (the 15th century). and «The Same Speech», an arbitrary explanation of slavic words, «The tlution of the cognition in the written», (the 14th century), the phrasebook «Ry subtle Greek» (the 15th century). Maxim Greck's dictionary «Tolkien names in alphabetical order» (16th century) is characterized. The subject of more detailed coverage was «Lexis...» L. Sizania is the first printed dictionary in Russia. Examples give analysis of its registry and translation parts. The famous work of P. Berynda «Lexicon of Slavic and Names of Interpretation» and the handwritten «Lexicon Latin...» are considered. E. Slavinecki, which is a model of the 17th century translated dictionary.

From Research on the Literary Hermeneutics

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-84
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Demin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Aesthetic

The research consists of the series of articles analyzing the pre- viously unexplored expressiveness, figurativeness, fantasy and sarcasticity of a number of Old Russian works. The first article reveals the expressiveness of the “Turkic” utterances of Afanasy Nikitin in The Journey Beyond Three Seas according to the list of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RSAAA), f. 181, no. 371 of the first quarter of the 16th century. The second article characterizes the distorted, fantastic earthly worlds depicted in the Tale of the Twelve Dreams of King Shahaisha according to the list of the Russian National Library (RNL), Kir.-Beloz., no. 22/1099 of the 1470s; in the Conversation of Three Saints according to the list of the Russian State Library (RSL), Troitsk., no. 778 of the beginning of the 16th century; in the collection of proverbs and sayings according to the list of the RSAAA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow Main Archive (MMA), no. 250–455 of the late 17th century; in The Tale of Ersh Ershovich according to the list of Pushkin House, 1.27.105 of the late 17th — early 18th centuries; in the Bird Council according to the list of the RNL, 0.XVII.17 the mid-18th century; in the Medicine Book. How to Treat Foreigners according to the list of the RNL, Q.XVII.96, Peter’s time; in the Legend of a Luxurious Life and Fun according to the list of the RNL, 0.XVII.57 of the first quarter of the 18th cen- tury. The third article examines the aesthetic role of verses in the collections of the late 17th century: RSL, Tikhonravov, no. 233, 249, 380, 411, 499. The fourth article shows that some compilers of collections of the 17th century appreciated the visual arts of works, mostly very old (оn the example of collections of the RSL, Tikhonravov, no. 460, 384, 18, 340, 231). In two Appendices to the article are published the descriptions of the composition of the collection no. 231 and the text of the parable about the dispute of parts of the human body. In two Ap- pendices to the article, it is said about the everyday depiction of the collection of proverbs and sayings according to the list of the RSAAA, MMA, no. 250–455 of the late 17th century and on the expressiveness of articles in the miniature collection of the RSL, Bolshakov, no. 325. The fifth article points to the mocking meaning of proverbs and sayings about criminals in the same collection of the RSAAA, MMA, no. 250–455. Finally, the sixth article draws attention to the evolution of the literary work of Archpriest Avvakum from brief mentions of events to detailed stories about them (оn the material of Vita, petitions, Book of Interpretations, Book of Accusations, Write-off about the creation of man, The Lamentable Word about the death of noblewoman F. Morozova). We must warn you that the pictorial and expressive meaning of the examples and phrases quot- ed from the texts of the monuments is not thoroughly proved in this work, but is only stated. Otherwise, each example would require an independent essay on certain literary means, and the theme and composition of the work would be completely different.

5. France

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Gordon Campbell
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Garden Design ◽  
Distinctive Features

‘France’ explains how in early French estates the house and garden were usually designed independently. Distinctive features of 16th-century French gardens were the presence of a canal and plantings arranged in the flat ornamental flower gardens known as parterres. The apogee of French garden art is the 17th-century formal garden known as the jardin à la française, characterized by geometry. The greatest and most influential exponent was André Le Nôtre, who was responsible for the gardens at Versailles. The principal innovations of the 18th century were the jardin anglo-chinois, the ferme ornée, the fabrique, and the jardin anglais. French garden design in the 19th and 20th centuries is also discussed.

scholarly journals Reindeer pastoralism in Sweden 1550-1950

Rangifer ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Lundmark
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the middle of the 16th century we get the first opportunity to a more detailed knowledge of reindeerpastoralism in Sweden. At that time the Sami lived in a hunter-gatherer economy. A family had in average about 10-20 domesticated reindeer, mainly used for transport. They could also be milked and used as decoys when hunting wild reindeer. During late 16th century the Swedish state and merchants bought large amounts of fur from the Sami. The common payment was butter and flour. This created a new prosperity, which lead to a considerable increase in population in Swedish Lapland. The population became too large for a hunter-gatherer economy. A crisis in early 17th century was the starting point for the transition to a large-scale nomadic reindeer pastoralism. Up to the middle of the 18th century intensive reindeer pastoralism was successful. But the pastoralism became gradually too intensive and diseases started to spread when the herds were kept too densely crowded for milking in summertime. During the first decades of the 19th century reindeer pastoralism in Sweden went through a major crisis. The number of reindeer herding mountain-Sami decreased considerably, mainly because they went to live permanently along the Norwegian coastline. Intensive reindeer pastoralism started to give way for extensive herding towards the end of the 19th century. In the north of Sweden influences from the Kautokeino Sami were an important factor, in the south extensive reindeer herding started to expand when the market for meat came closer to the Sami. During the 1920s the milking of reindeer ceased in Sweden, except in a few families. At that time Sami families from the north had been removed southwards. They further demonstrated the superiority of extensive herding to the Sami in mid- and southern Lapland. Reindeer pastoralism is basically a system of interaction between man and animal, but it has been heavily influenced by market forces and state intervention during hundreds of years. To a large extent these long-term external influences have made reindeer pastoralism what it is today. That aspect should not be overlooked when assessing the future prospects of reindeer pastoralism in Scandinavia.Renskötseln i Sverige 1550-1950Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Först vid mitten av 1500-talet finns det källmaterial som ger oss en tämligen detaljerad bild av renskötseln i Sverige. Vid den tiden levde samerna i en jakt- , fiske- och samlarekonomi. En familj hade normalt 10-20 renar som främst utnyttjades vid transporter. Tamrenarna kunde också mjölkas och fungera som lockdjur vid vildrensjakt. Under senare delen av 1500-talet köpte svenska staten och handelsmän stora mängder pälsverk av samerna. Den vanligaste betalningen var smör och mjöl. Detta skapade ett välstånd som ledde till en betydande folkökning i svenska lappmarken. Befolkningen blev för stor för att rymmas inom ramarna för en jaktochfiskeekonomi. En kris i början av 1600-talet blev startpunkten för övergången till en storskalig rennomadism.Fram till mitten av 1700-talet var den intensiva renskötseln framgångsrik. Men renskötseln blev efterhand alltför intensiv. Under senare delen av 1700-talet började det spridas sjukdomar i de tätt sammanhållna hjordarna. De första decennierna av 1800-talet innebar en allvarlig kris i renskötseln. Antalet renskötande fjällsamer minskade kraftigt, främst genom utvandring till norska kusten. Den intensiva renskötseln med mjölkning av renarna började ersättas av en extensiv renskötsel inriktad på köttproduktion de sista decennierna av 1800-talet. I norr var naturförhållandena och influenser från Kautokeino-samerna en viktig faktor, i söder utvecklades renskötseln i extensiv riktning främst därför att marknaden för renkött kom närmare renskötarna. Under 1920-talet upphörde mjölkningen av renar i Sverige, utom i några enstaka familjer. Då hade förflyttningarna av samer från nordligaste Sverige söderut påskyndat utvecklingen och ytterligare markerat den extensiva renskötselteknikensöverlägsenhet. Tamrenskötsel är ett samspel mellan människa och djur, men det är inte bara en fråga om renskötaren och hans hjord. Externa marknadsfaktorer, beskattning och lagstiftning har haft ett betydandeinflytande på renskötselns utveckling under hundratals år. De har till stor del format renskötseln till vad den är idag. Detta bör beaktas när man gör bedömningar av renskötselns framtid. 

scholarly journals Imiona słowiańskie z członami lubo-, -lub, miło-, -mił w toponimii Polski

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Halszka Górny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The North ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Line Analysis

The article is devoted to toponyms motivated by Slavic compound names with adjective elements: lubo-, -lub, miło-, -mił. This topic is part of the research project called “Names as the Basis of Polish Geographical Names”, carried out at the Institute of the Polish Language at the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow. In a two-line analysis (on the antroponymic and toponymic level), enriched with cartographic illustrations, attention was focused on pointing out the chronology of personal names, productivity of the Slavic names in the process of nominating toponyms, and on highlighting the chronology, frequency, geography of oikonyms and their structural types. In over 60 place names created up to the end of the 16th century, and located mainly in Greater Poland, Silesia and Mazovia, 27 names with the above-mentioned elements were preserved. Among them are forms reconstructed from toponyms, such as: *Lubogost, *Lubomysł, *Lubowid, *Lubowit, *Nielub, *Miłobąd, *Miłodrog, *Miłorad, *Niemił. The younger layer of place names dated to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries or introduced officially after 1945 occur mainly in the north and west of Poland.

scholarly journals Expansão urbana da vila de Cascais no século XVII e XVIII: a intervenção arqueológica na Rua da Vitória nº 15 a 17

2020 ◽  
pp. 1975-1986
Author(s):  
Tiago Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Filipe
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Village ◽  
Previous Occupation

The archaeological intervention at Rua da Vitória 15-17, Cascais, was motivated by an urban rehabilitation project for a buldind located nearby the center of the village. The original bulding foundation date from late 17th century and 18th century, above a series of deposits containing ceramics, fauna, glass and metals as a result of landfill of domestic waste. Between these deposits we registered several small pits used as household waste disposal. The previous occupation in this area corresponds to a minor agricultural production from 15th or 16th century probably a small vineyard field. We report were evidence of the urban expansion of ancient village of Cascais occurred since 16th century, and the development of urban area to open areas of landfill.

scholarly journals ИСТОРИЈА ЈЕДНЕ КАРТОГРАФСКЕ ЗАБЛУДЕ – ЕРШОМЉО (ВРШАЦ) НА СТАРИМ ГЕОГРАФСКИМ КАРТАМА HISTORY OF A CARTOGRAPHIC MISCONCEPTION – ÉRSOMLYÓ (VRŠAC) IN OLD GEOGRAPHIC MAPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-188
Author(s):  
Александар Крстић
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Old Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

У раду се анализирају старе географске карте, настале од осмадесетих година XV до половине XVIII века, на којима су приказани тврђава или насеље Ершомљо. Иако је овај јужнобанатски град после пада под османску власт (1552) током друге половине XVI столећа трајно променио име у Вршац, Ершомљо је и даље упорно приказиван у бројним картографским публикацијама насталим у западној Европи у наведеном периоду. Услед погрешног преузимања података са старих карата и непознавања савремене географије европске Турске, па тако ни Баната, Ершомљо је на анализираним картама најчешће лоциран знатно источније, некада и на саму границу Баната према Трансилванији и Влашкој. Од друге половине XVII века, а посебно у време Великог бечког рата, на европским географским картама почиње да се појављује и Вршац. Међутим, на неким картама из овог периода механички су преношени подаци са старијих карата, па је паралелно с Вршцем уцртаван и Ершомљо. The paper analyses old geographic maps, created from the 1480s until the mid-18th century, which show the fortress or settlement of Érsomlyó. Although this south Banat town, after its fall under Ottoman rule (1552) permanently changed its name into Vršac in the second half of the 16th century, Érsomlyó was still persistently shown in numerous cartographic publications created in Western Europe in this period. Due to erroneous copying of data from old maps and the lack of knowledge about the contemporary geography of European Turkey, including Banat, in the analysed maps Érsomlyó is most often located much more eastward, sometimes on the very border of Banat towards Transylvania and Wallachia. From the second half of the 17th century, particularly at the time of the Great Turkish War, Vršac also began to appear in European geographic maps. However, data from older maps were mechanically transferred to some maps from this period, and Érsomlyó was inscribed in parallel with Vršac.

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