Periodontal Pathogen Colonization in Young Children by PCR Quantification – A Longitudinal Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Takahashi ◽  
Robson Frederico Cunha ◽  
Elerson Gaetti Jardim Junior
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Introduction: Periodontal diseases are among the leading causes of premature tooth loss in adults, but the microbiota associated with this problem is established over time in childhood. Aim: This longitudinal study aimed to verify the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity of children aged six, twelve, eighteen and twenty-four months through PCR quantification, correlating them with the oral microbiota of their mothers. Study design: Saliva and oral biofilm samples were collected from mothers and children by using sterilized paper points. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied in all periods to evaluate hygiene and dietary habits. Results: A positive correlation was found between mother–child pairs in all periods. No correlation was observed between hygiene and dietary habits and occurrence of periodontal pathogens. Conclusion: Early inclusion of children in preventive and biofilm control programs could contribute to preventing acquisition of aggressive pathogens.

Periodontal Pathogen Colonization in Young Children by PCR Quantification – A Longitudinal Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
Karine Takahashi ◽  
Robson Frederico Cunha ◽  
Elerson Gaetti Jardim Junior
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Introduction: Periodontal diseases are among the leading causes of premature tooth loss in adults, but the microbiota associated with this problem is established over time in childhood. Aim: This longitudinal study aimed to verify the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity of children aged six, twelve, eighteen and twenty-four months through PCR quantification, correlating them with the oral microbiota of their mothers. Study design: Saliva and oral biofilm samples were collected from mothers and children by using sterilized paper points. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied in all periods to evaluate hygiene and dietary habits. Results: A positive correlation was found between mother–child pairs in all periods. No correlation was observed between hygiene and dietary habits and occurrence of periodontal pathogens. Conclusion: Early inclusion of children in preventive and biofilm control programs could contribute to preventing acquisition of aggressive pathogens.

scholarly journals Analysing the Relationship between Nutrition and the Microbial Composition of the Oral Biofilm—Insights from the Analysis of Individual Variability

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Kirstin Vach ◽  
Ali Al-Ahmad ◽  
Annette Anderson ◽  
Johan Peter Woelber ◽  
Lamprini Karygianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The influence of a change in nutrition on the oral microbiota are discussed in literature, but usually only changes of population mean values are reported. This paper introduces simple methods to also analyse and report the variability of patients’ reactions considering data from the culture analysis of oral biofilm. The framework was illustrated by an experimental study exposing eleven participants to different nutrition schemes in five consecutive phases. Substantial inter-individual variations in the individual reactions were observed. A new coherence index made it possible to identify 14 instances where the direction of individual changes tended to coincide with the direction of the mean change with more than 95% probability. The heterogeneity in variability across different bacteria species was limited. This allowed us to develop recommendations for sample sizes in future studies. For studies measuring the concentration change of bacteria as a reaction to nutrition change, the use of replications and analysis of the variability is recommended. In order to detect moderate effects of a change in nutrition on the concentration of single bacterial taxa, 30 participants with three repetitions are often adequate. Insights into the relationship between nutrition and the microbial composition can be helpful for the development of dietary habits that promote the establishment of a healthy microbial flora and can therefore prevent the initiation of oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiome and Preterm Birth: Correlation or Coincidence? A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (F) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Biagio Rapone ◽  
Elisabetta Ferrara ◽  
Nicola Montemurro ◽  
Ilaria Converti ◽  
Matteo Loverro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Structure ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Periodontal Infection

BACKGROUND: Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy involve, as a natural consequence, also modifications of oral microbiome. However, the addition with microbial imbalance due to pre-existing periodontal infection might impair a pathological alteration in the phylogenetic community structure and composition in the oral cavity, exacerbating an inflammatory status, and becoming a potential risk factor for preterm birth. From the empirical findings about the relationship between periodontal pathogens and systemic diseases, a clear interest focused on the potential impact of some periodontal pathogens on the preterm birth risk has emerged. AIM: Exploration of the potential interdependence existing between dysbiosis of oral microbiome and changes in maternal-fetal barrier in premature rupture of membranes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a Medline search was performed for studies focusing on oral microbioma and its association with pre-term birth, and completed by additional hand searching. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. The search was restricted to only reports written in English. RESULTS: The electronic search produced 66 items. Six duplicates were found. Among the collected studies, 56 were discarded because they met the exclusion criteria. The articles and reports in our review showed a connection between preterm birth and altered oral microbiome, suggesting a potential key role of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a notable periodontal pathogen involved in several pathological periodontal conditions, in increasing the risk of premature birth. CONCLUSIONS: Since F. nucleatum is frequently associated with preterm birth, it is coherent to hypothesize a potential role for the oral microbiota for preterm birth risk. Further studies should be carried out to determine the changes of the oral microflora in pregnancy and to provide comprehensive knowledge of the diversity of oral bacteria involved in preterm birth.

Domestic prophylactic agents in maintaining the dental health of the elderly

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
A. K. Iordanishvili
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Group 2

Goal. To investigate dental health and oral microbiota in elderly people who use domestic care products after the completion of their sanitation.Material and methods. The prevalence and intensity of the course of dental caries, periodontal pathology, pathology of the oral mucosa, as well as the microbiota in 96 people aged 61 to 73 years were studied using conventional research methods in dentistry in elderly patients who visited a dentist for a year according to the appealability (group 1) or were under dynamic supervision and regularly carried out individual oral hygiene with the help of domestic ASEPTA products (group 2).Results. Individual prophylactic and hygienic measures for the care of the oral cavity, regularly carried out by elderly patients of group 2, significantly improved their dental health, contributed to the secondary prevention of periodontal diseases and a significant reduction in periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity.Conclusion. Elderly patients who are regularly observed by a dentist with a complex of measures for the primary and secondary prevention of dental diseases carried out 2 times a year, as well as with their proper adherence to oral care, it is possible to achieve effective treatment of the pathology of hard dental tissues, remission of inflammatory pathology of periodontal disease, and also good oral hygiene, which has a positive effect on their quality of life.

scholarly journals Review- The periodontal pathogen Treponema denticola: an atherosclerosis risk factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e25810111637
Author(s):  
Pâmela Beatriz do Rosário Estevam dos Santos ◽  
Patrícia Michelle Nagai de Lima ◽  
Ana Luiza do Rosário Palma ◽  
Amjad Abu Hasna ◽  
Rodnei Dennis Rossoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk Factor

Objective: Treponema denticola “T. denticola” is a pathogen associated with periodontal diseases that exhibits capacity for adherence, invasion, and colonization of host tissues, which allows alternating its location and damage in different sites of human body. This review aimed to discuss different studies that detected T. denticola in atherosclerotic plaques, demonstrating the importance of periodontal disease on the systemic health and the necessity of exploring the outcome of this colonization apart from the oral cavity. Methodology: Fifty-five studies were identified and gathered in this review according to the following topics: Periodontal disease, atherosclerosis and T. denticola. In vitro and in vivo studies published between 2002 and 2020 were searched on PubMed, raising relevant insights about the role of T. denticola and its association with the systemic disease, atherosclerosis, focusing on the bacterial tissue invasion and development of atherosclerosis. Results: After bibliographic review, it was possible to identify studies demonstrating the presence of T. denticola and other oral pathogens in cardiac or vascular tissues and in blood serum, as well, there is research in which other evidence of a relationship with atherosclerosis is shown. Conclusion: The invasion of periodontal pathogens and its toxins associated to the host’s immune and inflammatory response may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Fragkioudakis ◽  
Marcello P. Riggio ◽  
Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Dental Biofilm

In the mid-1960s the microbial aetiology of periodontal diseases was introduced based on classical experimental gingivitis studies . Since then, numerous studies have addressed the fundamental role that oral microbiota plays in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Recent advances in laboratory identification techniques have contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of the oral microbiome in both health and disease. Modern culture-independent methods such as human oral microbial identification microarray and next-generation sequencing have been used to identify a wide variety of microbial taxa residing in the gingival sulcus and the periodontal pocket. The first theory of the ‘non-specific plaque’ hypothesis gave rise to the ‘ecological plaque’ hypothesis and more recently to the ‘polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis hypothesis’. Periodontitis is now considered to be a multimicrobial inflammatory disease in which the various bacterial species within the dental biofilm are in a dysbiotic state and this imbalance favours the establishment of chronic inflammatory conditions and ultimately the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart from the known putative periodontal pathogens, the whole biofilm community is now considered to play a role in the establishment of inflammation and the initiation and progression of periodontitis in a susceptible host. Treatment is unlikely to eliminate putative pathogens but, when it is thoroughly performed it has the potential to establish a healthy ecosystem by altering the microbial community in numbers and composition and also contribute to the maturation of the host immune response.

Periodontal vaccines: Need of an hour

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Kapoor ◽  
Pallak Arora ◽  
Sartaj Singh Wazir
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Mechanical Therapy

Periodontal diseases are immune inflammatory responses induced by microorganisms in dental plaque which contributes to tissue destruction, bone loss and eventually tooth loss. Moderate to severe periodontitis affects more than 50 percent of population over the age of 65. It is also associated with diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, dementia and certain cancer. Current treatment modalities have resulted only in arresting the disease progression but have no solution for curing the disease or to prevent the recurrence. Hence there is a need for more sophisticated therapeutic modalities which may include vaccines targeting putative periodontal pathogens. Periodontal vaccines could emerge as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in future.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Association Study of Periodontal Pathogen Colonization

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. S21-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Divaris ◽  
K.L. Monda ◽  
K.E. North ◽  
A.F. Olshan ◽  
E.M. Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Pathological shifts of the human microbiome are characteristic of many diseases, including chronic periodontitis. To date, there is limited evidence on host genetic risk loci associated with periodontal pathogen colonization. We conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study among 1,020 white participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy to severe chronic periodontitis, and for whom “checkerboard” DNA-DNA hybridization quantification of 8 periodontal pathogens was performed. We examined 3 traits: “high red” and “high orange” bacterial complexes, and “high” Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) colonization. Genotyping was performed on the Affymetrix 6.0 platform. Imputation to 2.5 million markers was based on HapMap II-CEU, and a multiple-test correction was applied (genome-wide threshold of p < 5 × 10−8). We detected no genome-wide significant signals. However, 13 loci, including KCNK1, FBXO38, UHRF2, IL33, RUNX2, TRPS1, CAMTA1, and VAMP3, provided suggestive evidence (p < 5 × 10−6) of association. All associations reported for “red” and “orange” complex microbiota, but not for Aa, had the same effect direction in a second sample of 123 African-American participants. None of these polymorphisms was associated with periodontitis diagnosis. Investigations replicating these findings may lead to an improved understanding of the complex nature of host-microbiome interactions that characterizes states of health and disease.

scholarly journals PERIODONTAL VACCINE- A SHOT IN THE ARM!

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Apeksha Gajghate ◽  
◽  
Salman Ansari ◽  
Rajvir Malik ◽  
Namrata Khetal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction

Periodontal diseases are immune inflammatory responses induced by dental plaque in which microorganisms harboured within a susceptible periodontium contributes to tissue destruction, bone loss and eventually tooth loss. The etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease is multifactorial which includes host associated factors, genetic factors, immune system dysfunction and environmental factors. Existing treatment modalities have resulted only in arresting the disease progression but have not cured the disease completely, nor do they avert the recurrence. Hence there is a need for therapeutic modalities which may include vaccines targeting periodontal pathogens. Vaccination is induction of immunity by injecting a dead or attenuated form of pathogen. Till date, no pre-emptive modality exists for periodontal disease, the availability of periodontal vaccine would prevent the progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this review article is to confer the various approaches associated with periodontal vaccine.

scholarly journals Veillonella Catalase Protects the Growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Microaerophilic and Streptococcus gordonii-Resident Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Xiaoli Li ◽  
I-Hsiu Huang ◽  
Fengxia Qi
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Microaerophilic Conditions

ABSTRACT The oral biofilm is a multispecies community in which antagonism and mutualism coexist among friends and foes to keep an ecological balance of community members. The pioneer colonizers, such as Streptococcus gordonii, produce H2O2 to inhibit the growth of competitors, like the mutans streptococci, as well as strict anaerobic middle and later colonizers of the dental biofilm. Interestingly, Veillonella species, as early colonizers, physically interact (coaggregate) with S. gordonii. A putative catalase gene (catA) is found in most sequenced Veillonella species; however, the function of this gene is unknown. In this study, we characterized the ecological function of catA from Veillonella parvula PK1910 by integrating it into the only transformable strain, Veillonella atypica OK5, which is catA negative. The strain (OK5-catA) became more resistant to H2O2. Further studies demonstrated that the catA gene expression is induced by the addition of H2O2 or coculture with S. gordonii. Mixed-culture experiments further revealed that the transgenic OK5-catA strain not only enhanced the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a strict anaerobic periodontopathogen, under microaerophilic conditions, but it also rescued F. nucleatum from killing by S. gordonii. A potential role of catalase in veillonellae in biofilm ecology and pathogenesis is discussed here. IMPORTANCE Veillonella species, as early colonizers, can coaggregate with many bacteria, including the initial colonizer Streptococcus gordonii and periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, during various stages of oral biofilm formation. In addition to providing binding sites for many microbes, our previous study also showed that Veillonella produces nutrients for the survival and growth of periodontal pathogens. These findings indicate that Veillonella plays an important “bridging” role in the development of oral biofilms and the ecology of the human oral cavity. In this study, we demonstrated that the reducing activity of Veillonella can rescue the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum not only under microaerophilic conditions, but also in an environment in which Streptococcus gordonii is present. Thus, this study will provide a new insight for future studies on the mechanisms of human oral biofilm formation and the control of periodontal diseases.

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