scholarly journals The Impact of Additive Technologies on Determining the Tort Liability Model of an Online Platform Operator

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
D. E. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact

In the paper, the author points out that humanity has moved into the era of information society, the era of digitalization, when the digitalization of all socio-economic relations becomes an inevitable global process radically changing the existence of man and even of man himself. In the sphere of Economics, the traditional borders between the producer, seller (intermediary) and consumer of goods are being erased, and the phenomenon of sharing economy is replacing traditional channels and supply chains, radically transforming socio-economic relations. New forms of collaboration between manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers are emerging, and a new technological infrastructure for such collaboration is actively developing, i.e. digital online platforms that act as one of the drivers of the fourth industrial revolution. The development of the three-dimensional printing technology allows any individual to participate in the creation of various material goods. Printing of material objects is based on a three-dimensional digital model, the digital equivalent of its physical embodiment. A serious legal challenge is the regulation of relations related to the circulation and use of three-dimensional models of objects of the material world, as well as liability for damage caused by a defect in the three-dimensional digital model.The paper contains a number of prognostic conclusions. If a defective three-dimensional digital model is purchased for a fee as a product (digital content) on the corresponding online platform, it is possible to impose tort liability on both the counterparty under the contract and the platform operator. Such liability must be strict, joint and several. A strict, joint and several liability model will serve as an incentive to ensure transparency in the field of digital turnover, as well as exert a preventive influence by deterring illegal behavior. If the identity of the seller of digital content is not established, only the platform operator will be held liable.If a defective three-dimensional digital model is placed free of charge on the hosting site, the creator of such a digital model will be held liable. The responsibility of a hosting provider that provides only a technical service for hosting content must be subject to the rules on the responsibility of the information intermediary. 

Technological unemployment and the business model of sharing economy in conditions of digitalized economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Belova
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
The One ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The article traces the impact of innovation on employment and workers income during industrial revolutions. The aim of the study is to identify the business model that contributes to improving the well-being and reducing negative impact of innovative transformations on employees. To achieve this goal, we analyze: the conceptions of industrial revolutions; the “Engels pause”, which arose during the First Industrial Revolution as a “surge” in inequality due to the contradiction between productivity growth and profit, on the one hand, and the stagnation of workers’ real incomes, on the other; the effect of replacing manual labor with automated one; the problems of technological unemployment; the digital business model of sharing economy. The findings report conclusions concerning the change in economic development paradigm as a result of the replacement of classical consumption models by sharing economy business model, on the prospects of the sharing economy business model in the context of its ability to solve employment problems, overcome technological unemployment and increase employees’ income. The achieved results can be useful for policymakers and corporate structures that design innovative development strategies.

scholarly journals Features of world experience in the management of e-commerce enterprises as subjects of innovative entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Volodymyr S. Symakov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the world experience in the management of e-commerce enterprises as subjects of innovative entrepreneurship and study their content. Methodology. The study used generalizations, comparisons and systematic methods. Results. In the article the specifics of the world experience in the management of e-commerce enterprises as subjects of innovative entrepreneurship are analyzed. The experience of this topic in the leading countries of the world is studied. The list of features of this question is defined. Practical meaning. It is argued that the significant reorientation of world trade to online sales channels due to the impact of quarantine restrictions associated with the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 could significantly affect the real level of sales in 2020, adjusting it upwards. It is noted that the industrial revolution turned agrarian societies into production centers and changed people's work and the standard of living they could expect. The digital revolution has also changed the way people communicate, shop and work. Referring to the experience of e-commerce companies, which are directly affected by the digital transformation on the nature and intensity of their activities in both strategic and operational dimensions, it should be noted that digital business strategies continue to review traditional retail through multichannel capabilities. Prospects for further research. Statistics show that mobile commerce, especially the use of mobile applications, is becoming increasingly important in the development of online sales strategies. Yes, Amazon is the leading mobile application for online stores in the United States. At the same time, Amazon singles out a list of development risks that are quite obvious to all retailers operating in the e-commerce environment, primarily related to the implementation of international transactions, which the author cites in the article. The author gives an example of successful European experience in managing an e-commerce company, namely the company “C&A” – a Belgian-German-Dutch network of retail clothing stores. Also interesting is the Chinese e-commerce platform Aliexpress, the international online platform Alibaba (aliexpress.com), which was launched in 2010, and Taobao, the online platform Alibaba C2C (taobao.com), which was founded in May 2003. It is noted that almost 80% of small and medium enterprises consider sales on social networks as a proven strategy to increase revenue.

scholarly journals The impact of the institutional environment digitalization on the sharing economy development

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Anna Yur'evna Veretennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Platform Economy

The spread of the sharing economy and the growing interest to this concept is caused by the transformation of business models, which is due to the redistribution of the importance of the economic, social and environmental goals of consumers, manufacturers and suppliers of goods and services. Institutional factors of doing business have a particular importance. At the same time, the rise of digital technology has become a catalyst for the transformation of the rules and regulations establishing transactions between economic agents of various levels. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of institutional environment digitalization on the sharing economy development as a basis for its further regulation. The novelty of the research lies in identifying regularities in institutional environment digitalization. The article describes various aspects of analyzing the sharing economy, reveals a narrow and broad interpretation of the studied term based on the fact that the sharing economy is a part of the digital and platform economy. It is shown that the sharing economy is also at the intersection of the access economy, platform economy and community-based economy. Two key approaches to sharing economy are defined: technological with the focus on sharing economy driven by the digital technologies and socioinstitional with the transformations of rules and standards regulating the interaction of economic agents within this model. Correlation-regression analysis is applied to test the hypotheses about the influence of institutional environment digitalization typical for formal and informal institutes, as well as the network relations on the development of the sharing economy. The European Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems (EIDES) and The Timbro Sharing Economy Index were used as an information base for the study. The research arrives at a nonlinear regression model showing the significance and impact nature of the development of network relations and social media on the sharing economy. Hypotheses about the influence of the digital component of formal and informal institutions have been refuted. The article justifies the need for the development of inclusive institutes to regulate sharing economy, which will stimulate the solution of social, economic and environmental problems in the society. The theoretical significance of the study lies in expanding the provisions of economic theory in the field of studying the transformation of economic relations under the changes in external and internal socio-economic conditions and the institutional environment development for sharing economy. The practical significance lies in the possibility to apply the conclusions and recommendations to improve socio-economic regulating policy for sharing economy at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels of economy. The results obtained in the research may be of interest to the specialists analyzing the transformation of economic relations and the problems of the formation and development of sharing economy. Further research will relate directly to the issues of institutional design of the sharing economy, as well as the study of the application potential to solve socially significant problems at various levels of management.

scholarly journals Sharing Economy: the Business Model of the Digital Economy in the COVID-19 Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
L. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
The Impact

Received 17.09.2020. The author undertakes an attempt to analyze the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the phenomenon of the sharing economy and the viability of this business model in force majeure circumstances. The sharing economy is a business model of the digital economy, born by the fourth industrial revolution during the Great Recession of 2008 and developing in the context of the unprecedented economic crisis of 2020, when the impact of the coronavirus pandemic simultaneously collapsed production, financial markets and consumer demand for goods and services, and the task of “conscious consumption” – to spend money correctly and reduce costs – became vital. The concept does not focus on ownership but rather on the sharing of assets and resources. A predictive construct is given: the sharing economy is not so much the introduction of new technologies to implement the world-old idea of renting on digital platforms, but a new paradigm of production and consumption and as such leads to a circular economy, causes systemic changes that form qualitatively new principles of business organization, the economy and society as a whole. The study concluded that the sharing model has proven its viability not only in a period of stable economic development, but also in a contemporary crisis, which is caused by the COVID‑19 pandemic. Moreover, it was during this period of force majeure that the sharing economy model showed its importance both in everyday life and in business. This allows us to conclude about the further growth of the sharing economy, the creation of new services – both in spite of and thanks to the COVID‑19 pandemic.

A Digital Economy Model for Talent Prediction Data Analytic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Haru Purnomo Ipung ◽  
Amin Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Analytic

This research proposed a model to assist the design of the associated data architecture and data analytic to support talent forecast in the current accelerating changes in economy, industry and business change due to the accelerating pace of technological change. The emerging and re-emerging economy model were available, such as Industrial revolution 4.0, platform economy, sharing economy and token economy. Those were driven by new business model and technology innovation. An increase capability of technology to automate more jobs will cause a shift in talent pool and workforce. New business model emerge as the availabilityand the cost effective emerging technology, and as a result of emerging or re-emerging economic models. Both, new business model and technology innovation, create new jobs and works that have not been existed decades ago. The future workers will be faced by jobs that may not exist today. A dynamics model of inter-correlation of economy, industry, business model and talent forecast were proposed. A collection of literature review were conducted to initially validate the model.

Principles for sharing economy formation in the digital society

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-821
Author(s):  
E.V. Popov ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses economic relations that are formed in various areas of economic application of digital platforms. The target of the research is the modern economy of digital platforms across different economic activities. Objectives. The aim is to systematize principles for share economy formation in the context of the digital society development. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The study shows that the development of digital platforms is one of the most important trends in the development of the modern economy. We classified certain characteristic features of modern digital platforms, analyzed principles for their creation. The paper emphasizes that the network effects achieved through the use of digital platforms are an important factor in the development of the share economy. The network effect describes the impact of the number of the platform users on the value created for each of them. The paper also considers differences in the organization of traditional economy companies and companies that are based on the digital platform model, reveals specifics of changes in socio-economic systems caused by the development of digital platforms, systematizes principles of the sharing economy formation in the context of the digital society development. Conclusions. The analyzed principles for sharing economy development on the basis of digital platforms can be applied to create models for the purpose of forecasting the transformation of economic activity in the post-industrial society.

Analyzing the Impact of X-Ray Tomography on the Reliability of Integrated Circuits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Dogan ◽  
Md Mahbub Alam ◽  
Navid Asadizanjani ◽  
Sina Shahbazmohamadi ◽  
Domenic Forte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Flash Memories ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Information ◽  
The Impact

Abstract X-ray tomography is a promising technique that can provide micron level, internal structure, and three dimensional (3D) information of an integrated circuit (IC) component without the need for serial sectioning or decapsulation. This is especially useful for counterfeit IC detection as demonstrated by recent work. Although the components remain physically intact during tomography, the effect of radiation on the electrical functionality is not yet fully investigated. In this paper we analyze the impact of X-ray tomography on the reliability of ICs with different fabrication technologies. We perform a 3D imaging using an advanced X-ray machine on Intel flash memories, Macronix flash memories, Xilinx Spartan 3 and Spartan 6 FPGAs. Electrical functionalities are then tested in a systematic procedure after each round of tomography to estimate the impact of X-ray on Flash erase time, read margin, and program operation, and the frequencies of ring oscillators in the FPGAs. A major finding is that erase times for flash memories of older technology are significantly degraded when exposed to tomography, eventually resulting in failure. However, the flash and Xilinx FPGAs of newer technologies seem less sensitive to tomography, as only minor degradations are observed. Further, we did not identify permanent failures for any chips in the time needed to perform tomography for counterfeit detection (approximately 2 hours).

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