scholarly journals Citizens’ Right to Protection of Geolocation and Privacy on the Internet

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
K. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Systems Models ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The development of confidential-sensitive methods is expected to become a promising area for future research in data mining. Since the main task in retrieving data is to develop aggregated systems models, can we develop such models without access to accurate information in individual repositories? In today’s world, such an issue is becoming a key one, especially concerning the exercise of human rights on the Internet, since the very realization of such rights is related to data protection, on the one hand, and access to information, on the other hand. The need to maintain this balance is one of the key challenges law is facing in modern realities. In the article, the author reveals the importance of protection of such a right as access to geolocation and studies the influence of the right under consideration on the realization of other rights exercised by citizens on the Internet (in particular, the right to information).

Legal grounds for restricting access to information: a philosophical aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Oleh M. Omelchuk ◽  
Mariia P. Muzyka ◽  
Mykola O. Stefanchuk ◽  
Iryna P. Storozhuk ◽  
Inna A. Valevska
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

The rapid spread of the Internet and communication technologies raises the issue of access to information, especially access to information via the Internet. The amount of information on the network is constantly increasing, and at the same time more and more efforts are being made to limit users' access to it to some extent. The more restrictions state bodies create in this area, the more efforts are made to circumvent or violate these prohibitions. Free access to information in a democratic society should be the rule, and restriction of this right – the exception. These restrictions should be clearly defined by law and applied only in cases where legitimate and vital interests, such as national security and privacy, need to be respected. The main purpose of this study is to consider the legal and socio-philosophical aspects of access to information. Restricting access to documents as media has been practiced since ancient times. The study highlights the existing inconsistencies and lags in the implementation of the principles of exercise of the right to information in Ukraine at the level of laws and subordinate legislation. The study classifies information according to the nature of restrictions (exercise) of constitutional rights and freedoms in the information sphere. It was discovered that the legislation of Ukraine does not systematise the list of confidential information in a single regulation in contrast to the Russian Federation and provides the main types of confidential personal information. It was found that restrictions on any freedoms and human rights, including in the information space, can be established with the help of various regulators, the dominant among which are the following levels of implementation: legal (legislative); moral self-consciousness of society; autonomy of the person. Features and spheres of action of regulators of restriction of freedoms and human rights are described. To restrict access to information, various methods are used to protect it from unauthorised receipt, which can be divided into two groups: formal and informal

THE STATE OF OPEN ACCESS ADOPTION IN LEGAL SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED OPEN ACCESS RESOURCES

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Solomon Bopape
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Open Access Resources ◽  
The Right

The study of law focuses, among other aspects, on important issues relating to equality, fairness and justice in as far as free access to information and knowledgeis concerned. The launching of the Open Access to Law Movement in 1992, the promulgation of the Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarshipin 2009, and the formation of national and regional Legal Information Institutes (LIIs) should serve as an indication of how well the legal world is committed to freely publishing and distributing legal information and knowledge through the Internet to legal practitioners, legal scholars and the public at large aroundthe world. In order to establish the amount of legal scholarly content which is accessible through open access publishing innovations and initiatives, this studyanalysed the contents of websites for selected open access resources on the Internet internationally and in South Africa. The results of the study showed that there has been a steady developing trend towards the adoption of open access for legal scholarly literature internationally, while in South Africa legal scholarly literature is under the control of commercial publishers. This should be an issue for the legal scholarship which, among its focus, is to impart knowledge about the right of access to information and knowledge.

scholarly journals The right to information about the activities of public authorities: certain theoretical and legal aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Alla IVANOVSKA ◽  
Olena HALUS ◽  
Iryna RYZHUK
Keyword(s):  
Active Form ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

It is found that the right to information about the activities of public authorities is linked to the more general constitutional right of everyone to freely collect, store and disseminate information in any lawful manner. The analyzed law is subject to international and domestic rules governing the right of access to information in general. At the same time, this right is regulated in great detail by special regulations that establish additional guarantees. An important guarantee that ensures the realization of the right of citizens to information about the activities of public authorities is the principle of transparency, which applies in many democracies around the world. The principle of transparency is manifested, firstly, in the fact that public authorities are obliged to inform the public about their activities, and secondly, every member of society has the appropriate right to receive such information, and the level of access to information about activities of public authorities is very important. Forms of exercising the right to information about the activities of public authorities, taking into account the peculiarities of legal regulation, are divided into passive and active. The passive form presupposes that the citizen himself gets acquainted with the information about the activity of the public authority, which duty is to make it public. An active form of exercising this right involves direct appeals of citizens or their groups to public authorities with requests to provide relevant information. It is concluded that ensuring the exercise of the right to information about the activities of public authorities is the key to building a democratic state governed by the rule of law and relies on public authorities, which are obliged to create all conditions for public participation in the adoption of legal acts by these bodies and to provide adequate access to complete and objective information about their activities.

scholarly journals Open Government Data and the Right to Information: Opportunities and Obstacles

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katleen Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Open Government ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This article discusses the relationship between the open government data (OGD) movement and the right to information (RTI) movement. While both movements are closely related, there are some differences that may have a considerable impact on the right of the citizen to access government information. The article argues that the calls for OGD may on the one hand risk limiting the access to government information, while on the other hand they may also provide an alternative source of access to information for existing freedom of information legislation, which is being threatened in some countries.

Access to Information

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-144
Author(s):  
Monica Teresa Sousa ◽  
Leonardo Valles Bento
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Information Law ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

Right to information means the right of citizens to have access to information produced by, or held by, public/governmental agencies. This chapter intends to analyze the legal grounds of the right to access to information in Brazil as compared to the best international practice. One of the main risks to good governance and democracy is the use of public resources for private purposes, and the development of new communication technologies, especially the Internet, has revolutionized the manner in which the public interacts with the information available, impacting democratic practices. In November 2011, the adoption of Federal Law 12,527 made Brazil the 89th country in the world, and the 19th in Latin America, to adopt specific legislation implementing the right to access to public information. In Brazil, public authorities, especially the courts, tend to accept easily the allegations of violation of privacy and defamation of those whose interests are harmed or threatened by the broadcasting of information. In the conflict between access to information and private interests, the latter has prevailed. In this context, the Access to Information Law has become a relevant policy to the Brazilian civil society to strengthen and consolidate a democratic political culture and promote institutional maturity.

Legal Protection of the Right to be Forgotten on the Internet in European and Arab Legislation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Jamal Barafi ◽  
Ali Hadi Al-Obeidi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
European Approach ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
The Right

Abstract The development of the Internet and mass media has facilitated access to information and freedom of expression in unprecedented ways, but in so doing there have been many violations, especially of the right to privacy. Such violations have led to calls for the establishment of the right to be forgotten. In this paper, we focus on clarifying the concept of the right to be forgotten and the conditions for establishing this. Moreover, we consider the European approach to the right to be forgotten (RTBF), showing how different European instruments have been employed to recognize this right, such as recommendations, regulations, and directives, in order to coordinate national efforts on this issue. In addition, this paper will analyze the stance of some national Arabic legislation regarding the RTBF.

Digital preservation

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Koranteng Adu ◽  
Luyande Dube ◽  
Emmanuel Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Open Archival Information System ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which digital preservation facilitate the implementation of electronic government, open data and the right to information. Design/methodology/approach A case study research which chronicles the link between transparency and data availability. It makes use of a theoretical framework based on the open archival information system to analyse, explain, clarify and justify the application of open data, electronic government and the right to information. Findings The paper argued that e-government, open data and the RTI will remain elusive if a digital preservation infrastructure is not pursued. Within the context of e-government, the paper adumbrated that government agencies can incorporate e-government legislations into their digital preservation activities, precisely because the relationship between digital preservation and e-government have always been symbiotic. It alluded to the fact that an obligation will be placed on all public authorities and private agencies covered by the RTL law to create, keep and organise an effective and efficient system of record keeping, so as to give meaning to the right to information when citizens apply for information. Practical implications Future research should examine closely the implication of open data government within the context of digital preservation. Whilst digital preservation looks forward to the longevity of digital records and its accessibility, open data focusses on the utility of these records through online services, reuse and distribution for the purposes of transparency and citizens’ participation. Originality/value The application of digital preservation to open data in this paper appears to be more relevant at a time when most governments of the world are striving to obtain data to fight poverty, achieve universal primary education, fight HIV and foster maternal health. Its originality can further be established from the symbiotic relationship between digital preservation and electronic government, open data and the right to information.

scholarly journals The Conflicting Implications of the Right to Information as Recognised by Public International Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Bilyana Borisova Manova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

Abstract The present article outlines the most significant stages in the gradual development of international law towards a recognition of a right to information. It explores the instruments and judicial decisions in which this right has been acknowledged as well as the conditions under which it may be exercised including the categories of requesters entitled to it, the kinds of information that may be accessed and the purposes of such access. The article further examines the manifold and often conflicting aspects of the right to information and its relation to concepts such as democracy, security, freedom of expression, right to private life, corporate secrets, investigating journalism and whistleblowers. In particular, it analyses the importance of the access to information about the exercise of political power by public authorities and the crucial role it should play in enabling wellfunctioning democratic societies where responsible government, public scrutiny over the political processes and a right to an informed participation in public affairs is effectively guaranteed to all citizens. However, the risks that the public access to information poses to national security and to the well-recognized right to private life are also taken into account

scholarly journals La publicidad directa al público de los medicamentos con receta: el justo equilibrio entre los beneficios y los riesgos

2017 ◽  
pp. 269-307
Author(s):  
M. Asunción TORRES LÓPEZ
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Direct To Consumer Advertising

LABURPENA: Ikerketa honetan, jendarteari sendagaien gaineko zuzeneko publizitateaegiteak dituen arriskuen eta onuren inguruan eztabaidatu nahi da; bereziki, medikuaren agindua behar duten edo errezeta behar duten medikamentuei dagokienez. Europar Batasunak ezarri duen esparru juridikoa medikamentuen zentzuzko erabilera lortzeari begirakoa da. Horretarako, hainbat neurri hartu dira; hala nola, errezeta behar duten medikamentuen gaineko publizitatea egiteko erabateko debekua edo errezetarik behar ez duten medikamentuen gaineko publizitate-jarduerari zenbait baldintza eskatzea. Egun, bi herrialdek bakarrik baimentzen dute beren zuzenbidean publizitate mota hori egitea: Estatu Batuek eta Zeelanda Berriak. Artikulu honetan, Estatu Batuetako eredu juridikoaren berri emango dugu, bai eta publizitate-jarduera horren arriskuei eta onurei buruzko doktrina-eztabaidaren eta botere publikoek horren gainean duten kezkaren berri eman ere. Artikulu honetan, bi kontu jartzen dira mahai gainean: babesa merezi duten bi ondasun juridikoren arteko gatazka eta zein den edo izan behar den horien babes-maila. Batetik, publizitatea egiteko eskubidea eta eskubide hori adierazpen-askatasunerako oinarrizko eskubidetzat edo enpresa-askatasunerako eskubidetzat hartzea dago, eta, bestetik, osasun-eskubide izendatutakoaren babesa dago, edota norainokoa den estatuaren erantzukizuna sendagaien zentzuzko erabileran justifikatuta jarduera pribatuan esku hartzeari dagokionez. Gainera, publizitatearen erabiltzaileek informazioa edukitzeko duten eskubidearen funtsezko balorazioa aipatzen da, bai eta jarduera horrek iragartzen den medikamentuaren onuren eta arriskuen arteko bidezko oreka izan dezala eskatzeari buruzko balorazioa ere. RESUMEN: En este estudio se pretende discutir sobre los riesgos y beneficios de hacer una publicidad directa al público de los medicamentos, en especial de los medicamentos que requieren una prescripción médica o medicamentos con receta. El marco jurídico establecido desde la Unión Europea, gira en torno a la consecución de un uso racional de los medicamentos, para lo que se adoptan una serie de medidas como la prohibición absoluta de realizar publicidad de los medicamentos con receta, así como exigir ciertas condiciones a la actividad publicitaria cuyo objeto sea un medicamento sin receta. En la actualidad solo dos países permiten en su Derecho realizar esta publicidad, los Estados Unidos de América y Nueva Zelanda; damos cuenta en esta artículo del modelo jurídico estadounidense, así como del debate doctrinal y la preocupación del poder público sobre los riesgos y beneficios de esta actividad publicitaria. En este artículo se pone sobre la mesa de debate el conflicto entre dos bienes jurídicos dignos de protección, y cuál es o debe ser su nivel de protección: por una parte, el derecho a realizar publicidad y su consideración como derecho fundamental a la libertad de expresión o bien como derecho a la libertad de empresa; por otra parte, la protección del denominado derecho a la salud; y hasta dónde alcanza la responsabilidad del Estado en cuanto a su intervención en la actividad privada con la justificación en el uso racional de los medicamentos. Además, se hace referencia a la valoración sustancial del derecho a la información del usuario de la publicidad y la exigencia de que esta actividad presente un justo equilibrio entre los beneficios y riesgos del medicamento que publicita. ABSTRACT: This study aims to discuss the risks and benefits of direct-toconsumer advertising of drugs and prescription drugs. The general objetive of the regulation in the European Union is to protect the rational use of drugs , and impose on Member States a ban on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs. Also, when the object of publicity is others drugs, this european regulation stablishs some conditions. Currently, only in USA and New Zealand direct-to consumer advertising of prescription drugs is allowed; we explain the American System, and expose the public debat in this subject. This article presents the conflict between two constitutional right that deserve protection: on the one hand, the right to freedom of expression, also the right to freedom of enterprise or commercial freedom; on the other hand, the so-called right to health; and what is the responsability of the State regarding its intervention in the private sector justified in rational drug use. The article also refers to the right to information and the need for advertising to show a fair balance between the benefits and risks of the advertising drug.

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