scholarly journals An innovation adoption model of licensing-in for US start-ups

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Bernadette Power ◽  
Gavin C. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Business Incubation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Adoption Model ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Established Firm

Using the Kauffman panel dataset of US start-ups, we analyse the key determinants oflicensing-in adoption. Licensing-in entails an intellectual property contract between the licensor(e.g. upstream established firm) and licensee (e.g. downstream start-up) aiming to bring aninnovation to market rapidly. Assuming maximizing of the owner’s managerial utility in thestart-up years, we explain licensing-in adoption through firm characteristics like size, R&D andcapital structure, as well as other IP types, and controls for year and regional fixed effects, usingpanel probit estimation with adjustments for sample selection bias and endogeneity. We findkey determinants of licensing-in to be owners’ equity, product (rather than service) sales andR&D spend; and then comment on their policy implications for business incubation.

Technology business incubation for start-up generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Subrahmanya Mungila Hillemane ◽  
Krishna Satyanarayana ◽  
Deepak Chandrashekar
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Incubation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Purpose Technology business incubators (TBIs) form an indispensable part of an entrepreneurial ecosystem for the promotion of tech start-ups across the global economy. However, they have evolved in varied forms over a period of time, in terms of typologies, sponsors and stakeholders, goals and objectives, functions and services offered, process of incubation support provided through hard and soft infrastructure, outcomes and achievements and even in terms of theoretical bases. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to review the extant literature on TBIs to arrive at a framework that explains how TBIs contribute to start-up generation. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews extant empirical literature for a systematic evaluation to throw light on the various dimensions of TBIs: typology, goals and objectives, functions and services, process and provision of incubation support, outcomes and achievements. Further, after critically reviewing some of the theoretical propositions, it develops a conceptual framework combining pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation processes of TBIs. Findings Based on literature understanding and some of the key theoretical constructs, a conceptual framework is developed comprising pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation stages of start-up formation and graduation. The paper also identifies some prospective areas for future research. Research limitations/implications Any empirical research on technology business incubation must focus on pre-incubation and post-incubation processes as much as on the incubation process, to derive meaningful implications and enhance the productivity of TBIs. Originality/value The conceptual framework derived out of the systematic literature review will enable further research and exploration of micro-aspects of pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation phases across multiple dimensions.

The perceptions of Australian senior entrepreneurs on the drivers of their entrepreneurial activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Perenyi ◽  
Roxanne Zolin ◽  
Alex Maritz
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Career Stage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups

Purpose Why is self-employment an attractive option for certain seniors and what drives seniors into business start-ups? In this study, the motivations and preferences of senior entrepreneurs in Australia, to become self-employed, by means of business start-ups, are explored. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical basis for policy implications. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods study is conducted. Members of the National Senior’s Association in Australia were interviewed and surveyed. The semi-structured interviews identified the key factors influencing senior entrepreneurs in relation to self-employment and entrepreneurial choices at a later career stage. The survey collected information on intentionality, motivation, skills, opportunities, success, satisfaction, participation, barriers, benefits, education and training, and perceptions of policy support for senior entrepreneurs. Findings Respondents gave an account of the prevalence of pull factors motivating their choice of an entrepreneurial career. Multivariate statistical analysis of survey responses showed that senior entrepreneurs are more driven by opportunity than necessity and are primarily internally motivated. Research limitations/implications Results of this study suggest a weak link between motivation by others and the act of start-up, but this may also imply that those seniors who are more likely to become entrepreneurs are more likely to ignore the impulses from their social context. This requires further investigation to ensure a robust identification of drivers and an elimination of contextual effects. Further research is suggested to compose a relevant model structure in different contexts and a representative sample to confirm the model outcomes. Originality/value This is the first mixed methods study of the antecedents of senior entrepreneurs’ start-up intentions in Australia. The study also uses entrepreneurial activity as opposed to intention as its dependent variable, which allows for a more accurate evaluation of antecedents to the senior entrepreneurship phenomenon.

How Start-up Businesses View and Use Accounting in Early Year Operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Contessa Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Early Operations ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Question Survey

This research analyzes how start-up companies implement accounting in their early operations and if that use of accounting (or lack thereof) has played a role in acquiring funding. Prior research shows that the quality of financial statements positively affects investing efficiency for companies in emerging markets (Chen et al., 2011). In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that start-ups using financial statements more extensively receive more outside funding than their counterparts. This was tested with a 27-question survey broken into three sections: demographic, accounting use, and financial information. There were 44 participants. The typical start-up profile is 5-6 years old, employs ten people, and identifies in the technology industry. Approximately 75% of participants reported using financial statements. While mostly viewed positively, some participants feel strongly against using standard accounting practices. Results showed companies who use financial statements more often reported a higher percentage of debt and investment funding received than those who used financial statements less frequently or not at all. In conclusion, accounting helps start-ups communicate higher quality information to investors, thus leading to a better chance of receiving capital investment/debt financing. This sample selection was not chosen randomly and is not a statistical depiction of the entire population.

The impact of intellectual property types on the performance of business start-ups in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 026624262096700
Author(s):  
Bernadette Power ◽  
Gavin C Reid
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Sample Selection Bias ◽  
High Performer ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Impact

Using a large, longitudinal panel of US start-ups collected between 2004 and 2011, this article shows the extent to which intellectual property (IP) types, for example trademarks, patents, copyrights and outward licensing, enhance multidimensional performance. An ordered probit analysis corrected for sample selection bias, estimates performance to derive the following conclusions. First, trademarks and out-licensing IP types increase a firm’s chances of being a high performer, confirming the importance of certain forms of IP protection for start-ups. Second, patenting significantly reduces the chances of being a high performer, suggesting patenting has limited performance benefits for start-ups. Third, few performance synergies exist in the joint use of IP types, suggesting that strong complementarities among IP types are limited. While out-licensing patents and out-licensing copyrights increase performance, out-licensing patents and out-licensing trademarks diminish it. Furthermore, registering more trademarks and out-licensing more trademarks also diminishes performance, suggesting start-up firms should keep trademarks in-house.

scholarly journals China’s Becoming an Innovative Nation by Encouraging College Students’ Start-ups

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Wanxuan Ren
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups

This paper will firstly focus on the development of innovation trend and the start-up encouragement policies in China. Then it proceeds with a discussion of the advantages and challenges these policies bring about for both the central and local governments to achieve innovation, followed by policy implications.

scholarly journals Factors to Support a New Tech Start-up for Business Incubation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phattaramon Klaasa ◽  
Natcha Thawesaengskulthai ◽  
Ronnakorn Vaiyavuth
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Business Incubator ◽  
Business Incubation ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Service Support ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Training Resources ◽  
Start Ups

This study is aimed to analyse the factors to support a new tech start-up for business incubation.  Literature review of business incubation support factors and tech start-up lifecycle were analyzed and summarized to derive a conceptual framework. The conceptual framework was subsequently corroborated on the basis of qualitative methodology by in-depth interviews with ten successful startups and confirm the support factor by five business incubation experts. We demean that the main supporting factors of a new tech start-up consist of innovation and entrepreneurship training, resources, networks, mentorship and business advice, and funding. Its factor play a different role in each stages of tech start-up lifecycle. We further argue that the networks and funding are essential service support for tech start-up in every stage of tech start-up lifecycle. Finally, we offer implication for managerial business incubator who can use the business incubation model as guidance for arranging an appropriate support service and program for tech start-ups potential, as well as for policymakers who can set the policy to support the business incubator.

scholarly journals The importance for a start-up to trust in open innovation: A systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-297
Author(s):  
Katia Mastrostefano ◽  
Gustavo Morales-Alonso ◽  
Marco Greco ◽  
Michele Grimaldi ◽  
Jose Antonio Blanco-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Start Up ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Manage Innovation ◽  
Innovation Processes

It has long been known that new firms are fundamental for economic growth. Starting new companies is one of the best ways to fight unemployment and to generate well-being. Therefore, attention is paid by the scientific community to start-ups, with particular empha-sis at how they generate, acquire and manage innovation. Initially, start-ups need to identify the resources necessary for innovation and later they will decide whether to develop them internally or acquire them externally. Being open to external sources is a crucial point for the success of new ventures; indeed, adopting Open Innovation processes allows start-ups to overcome their initial shortcomings. The goal of this research is to understand the literature status related to Open Innovation adoption by start-ups.

Sequential Product Development and Introduction by Cash-Constrained Start-Ups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreekumar Bhaskaran ◽  
S. Sinan Erzurumlu ◽  
Karthik Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Product Introduction ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Established Firm ◽  
Advanced Version

Problem definition: Firms developing novel and innovative products regularly face a canonical product development and introduction problem: introduce a proven and immediately available product or delay product introduction until the successful development of an advanced version. Academic/practical relevance: Limited access to resources for the development of an advanced version adds another wrinkle to this problem, particularly for cash-constrained start-ups. For such start-ups, the introduction of an on-hand product can generate additional funds to support the development of an advanced product. However, the lower performance of the on-hand product can negatively impact the perception of the firm’s future products and lower future profitability. Methodology: We study the trade-off between revenues that an on-hand product generates for research and development funding and the negative effect it has on future profits. We characterize the optimal introduction timing of the on-hand product as a function of the financial resource constraints, the interdependence between these sequential products and the cost of development. Results: We identify important differences between the optimal product introduction strategies of a start-up and an established firm. Specifically, although it is always optimal for an established firm to accelerate the launch of a better-quality on-hand product, a start-up might find it optimal to delay its launch. The impact of technological failure and different forms of learning on the optimal strategy of the start-up are also explored. We translate our analytical findings into a managerial framework and illustrate these results using examples from the pharmaceutical and medical devices industries.

El método Lean Startup. Cómo crear empresas de éxito utilizando la innovación continua de Eric Ries

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Ysmael Jesús Ayala Colqui
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Lean Startup

Una start-up es definida como una empresa destinada solucionar problemas de maneras no obvias, donde el éxito no está garantizado de antemano y, solo en los casos de éxito efectivo, se adquiere un crecimiento rápido y significativo (Robehmed, 2013). Ejemplos clásicos de start-ups serían Facebook, Uber o AirBnB que, con comienzos modestos, pero con ideas innovadoras, se convirtieron con el paso del tiempo en empresas de ingresos millonarios. Una de las tantas preguntas al respecto sería la siguiente: ¿cómo lograr una start-up de éxito a sabiendas que el éxito no está garantizado a priori y, aún más, que la gran mayoría de estas fracasan?

Wer gewinnt den ‚War for Talent’: Konzerne oder Start-ups?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabea Laugemann ◽  
Christopher Buschow ◽  
Beate Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Start Up ◽  
Soziale Beziehungen ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
War For Talent

Im ‚War for Talent‘ konkurrieren heutzutage große Konzerne mit innovativen Start-ups um vielversprechenden Nachwuchs. Was bestimmt die Attraktivität von Arbeitgebern bei Medien- und Kommunikationsstudierenden? Diese Frage wird im Rahmen einer quantitativen Online-Befragung untersucht, vor allem im Hinblick darauf, ob Start-ups oder Konzerne als erste Arbeitgeber präferiert werden. Befragte, denen Prestige wichtig ist, bevorzugen eher Konzerne als Arbeitgeber. Wer Wert auf ein innovatives Arbeitsumfeld und soziale Beziehungen legt, entscheidet sich vermehrt für ein Start-up. Im Wettbewerb um die besten Köpfe sind damit junge Unternehmensgründungen inzwischen eine ernst zu nehmende Konkurrenz für Konzerne.

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