scholarly journals Medieval religious intellectual culture in the works of V.S. Soloviev

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Vadim L. Afanasevsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Man In The Middle ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article discusses the views of V.S. Solovyov on the medieval religious worldview. The main problem for historical and historical and philosophical thought at the end of the 19th century was the question of the degree of influence of Christian ideology on the perception of man in the Middle Ages. And since it was V.S. Soloviev who expressed doubts about the absolute significance of the Christian doctrine for the consciousness of medieval Western Europe, Byzantium and Russia, then his constructions are especially interesting. The author proceeds from the assumption that all his reflections can be characterized as Christian utopianism, however, it is presented in the space of liberal teachings of Russia in the second half of the 19th century. Attention is focused on the aspiration of V.S. Solovyov to solve problems through the completeness and purity of the ideal of Christianity. Therefore, the world-historical process itself appears as a condition for the functioning of this ideal. The key point for the Russian philosopher is the conviction that in the Middle Ages pagan elements persist and affect the consciousness of people under the guise of the Christian faith. And this leads to the antinomy of the order of life and the spirit of the Middle Ages. It is this moment that serves as the subject of this article.

The Horn of the Unicorn

Antiquity ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 27 (105) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Middle Ages

Though everyone now agrees that the unicorn never existed, this unanimity is quite recent. All through the 19th century there were periodic reports of its presence in darkest Africa or on the Asiatic steppes, and hopes that it would turn out to be a reality died hard. But if there never was such a creature why did the men of the Middle Ages believe in it so firmly and depict it so often? As Christians it was incumbent on them to do so, for it was mentioned in the Old Testament and, therefore, must be real. Its presence there was due to the authors of the Septuagint, the Hellenised Jews who, at Alexandria, in the centuries between the city's foundation and the Christian era, translated their sacred books from Hebrew into Greek and on seven occasions used the word μονόκερως (Greek for unicorn).

scholarly journals The Middle Ages are not enough: the fourth paradox and the marginalization of the Roman Empire

2017 ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Francesc Morales
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
The Common ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract: The palates of the nationalist authors of the 19th century found the common past exemplified by the Roman Empire to be too homogeneous a taste. Although this premise may be valid for all European nationalist movements of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the discussion here is limited to Spain’s problematic national construction during the 19th century and the group formed by Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Spain and ‘Benelux’ were chosen because they represent complex problems in the construction of a key dynamic of European nationalism: a political contemporary diversity linked to pre-Roman and post-Roman pasts. Despite these political and historical connections, the paths taken by these nationalisms are significantly different.Key words: Rome, Netherlands, Spain, nationalism, EuropeResumen: Un pasado común ejemplificado por el Imperio Romano pasa por ser demasiado homogéneo para el gusto de los autores nacionalistas en el siglo XIX. Esta premisa puede ser válida para todos los movimientos nacionalistas europeos, pero voy a limitarme a la problemática de la construcción nacional en España durante el siglo XIX y al grupo formado por Bélgica, los Países Bajos y Luxemburgo. Ambas regiones representan similares complejidades en la construcción de un nacionalismo europeo: una diversidad política contemporánea enlazada con un pasado prerromano y post-romano. A pesar de tener conexiones políticas e históricas, el camino de estos dos nacionalismos es significativamente diferente.Palabras clave: Roma, Países Bajos, España, nacionalismo, Europa  

Paul Kersten. The Bookbinder’s Role in the Development of Decorative Paper

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Helma Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Poor State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

In her article, the author discusses the merits of the German craft bookbinder Paul Kersten (1865-1943) in the development of modern decorative papers as an expression of artistic individuality in the field of applied arts. From the Middle Ages, decorative paper had been used in decoration and bookbinding. Bookbinding workshops had traditionally made starched marbled paper. The interest of Paul Kersten, coming from a bookbinding family, in these papers had already dated from his youth. During his travels abroad, he was aware of the poor state of the bookbinding craft, which was affected by the mass production of books and book bindings as well as the industrialisation of paper production at the end of the 19th century. Kersten helped to introduce Art Nouveau into the design of German bookbinding and the methods of the modern production of decorative papers. At first, he worked as a manager in German paper manufactures and then as a teacher of bookbinding. His work was later oriented towards Symbolic Expressionism and he also tried to cope with the style of Art Deco.

scholarly journals Problem obcości: opozycja Rosja–Europa w kulturze rosyjskiej (XI–XIX w.)

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Marek Jedliński
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article analyzes the historical perspective of the formation of the opposition “friend or foe” in the Russian culture from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Binary thinking has a universal dimension: it is present in every culture, particularly in traditional societies (in this case it is the opposition Russia–Europe). Hostility towards strangers is already noticeable in the Ruthenian tribes. The outsiders were seen as savages, as animals, and even as evil forces. It relates to the perception of the symbolic center of the world.  It is recognizable in the work of Hilarion and the concept of Moscow as the Third Rome.

scholarly journals Quarantine as a tool of epidemic fight

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
Renata E. Paliga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until the 19th century, the factor causing epidemics was not known, and the escape from a place where it occurred as well as isolation of patients was considered to be the only effective way to avoid illness and death. Quarantine in a sense similar to modern times was used in 1377 in Ragusa, today’s Dubrovnik, during the plague epidemic. It was the first administratively imposed procedure in the world’s history. It was later used in Venice and other rich port cities in the Mediterranean. On the territory of today’s Poland, quarantine measures were used by the so-called Mayor of the Air – LukaszDrewno in 1623 during the plague epidemic in Warsaw. The quarantine left its mark on all areas of human activity. It affected all humanity in a way that is underestimated today. Throughout history, it has been described and presented visually. It is omnipresent in the world literature, art and philosophy. However, the isolation and closure of cities, limiting trade, had an impact on the economic balance, and the dilemma between the choice of inhabitants’ health and the quality of existence, i.e. their wealth, has been the subject of discussions since the Middle Ages. Since the end of the 19th century, quarantine has lost its practical meaning. The discovery of bacteria and a huge development of medical and social sciences allowed limiting its range. In the 20th century isolation and quarantine no longer had a global range, because the ability to identify factors causing the epidemic, knowledge about the incubation period, carrier, infectiousness, enabled the rational determination of its duration and territorial range. The modern SARS COV 2 pandemic has resulted in a global quarantine on a scale unprecedented for at least three hundred years. The aim of this paper is to present the history of quarantine from its beginning to the present day, including its usefulness as an epidemiological tool.

scholarly journals O kształtowaniu się polskiej terminologii gramatycznej

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5/2020(774)) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Wanda Decyk-Zięba
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

The fi rst Polish grammatical terms came into existence as early as in the Middle Ages. Due to the role played by Latin in the Polish culture and science, the relations between the Polish terminology under forma tion and the already formed Latin terminology are signifi cant. This is noticeable not only in bilingual (Latin–Polish) grammar book by E. Donat but also in the fi rst Polish-language grammar books by W. Szylarski and O. Kopczyński. The latter rendered considerable services to the codifi cation of grammatical terminology. In the 19th century, it was impossible to popularise J. Przybylski’s and A. Morzycki’s innovative terminological propositions. The development of the Polish scientifi c linguistics gives rise to a revision of the earlier grammatical systematics, which results also in a change in the nomenclature. The distinctness of grammatical lexis is evidenced by the glossaries attached to the grammar books. Some of the terms have entered the vocabulary common to various varieties of Polish over time.

Western Aesthetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter studies the development and basic ideas of Western aesthetic thoughts by reviewing the aesthetic history of ancient Greece and the Middle Ages and by investigating the modern and contemporary aesthetics. It initially discusses the dominant classical Greek aesthetics, the medieval aesthetics, the 19th century aesthetics, and finally the modern aesthetics. The chapter finds that while the history of aesthetics is marked by countless schools of thoughts, only a few people of rare talent have made significant contribution to the entire human civilization through their aesthetic theories and ideas.

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