scholarly journals Quantitative electrophysiological pattern of neurodegeneration in encephalopathies of various origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
O E Gurskaya ◽  
V N Tsygan ◽  
A V Mirolubov
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Infectious Etiology

Electrophysiological characteristics of patients with encephalopathy of different etiology are presented. Pathogenic mechanisms affecting the electroencephalographic pattern and quantitative components of electroencephalogram are discussed. The aim of the study was to determine a universal quantitative electrophysiological criterion for the evaluation of neurodegenerative changes in the brain of patients with encephalopathy. We analyzed the data of anamnesis, neurological examination, laboratory tests and electroencephalograms from 389 patients with encephalopathy of post-traumatic, infectious, vascular and mixed etiology. Spectral analysis of electroencephalograms was performed and the values of relative quantitative electrophysiological criterion - the ratio of spectral power in the alpha/theta ranges at rest and during the test with hyperventilation were counted. The ratio of spectral power in the alpha/theta ranges was the lowest in patients of older age group and low - in patients with encephalopathy of infectious etiology. The ratio of the spectral power in the alpha-theta ranges in patients with post-traumatic encephalopathy was significantly different depending on the severity of the traumatic brain injury - mild or moderate/severe. We studied the possibilities of practical application of selected electrophysiological criterion - the ratio of spectral power of rhythms in the alpha-theta ranges. We counted this criterion in 150 patients with encephalopathy for the effectiveness evaluation of the neuroprotective therapy with сortexin. The chosen electrophysiological criterion had proved its effectiveness in therapy monitoring in patients with encephalopathy. In this article we demonstrated the advantages of additional neuroprotective therapy with сortexin. Increase in spectral power of alpha rhythm and decrease in spectral power of slow-wave components in the electroencephalographic pattern characterizes successful neuroprotective therapy with neuropeptides, such as сortexin.

scholarly journals Formation of attention in men and women during tasks performance with high cognitive load

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
M. Bondarenko ◽  
O. Bondarenko ◽  
V. Kravchenko ◽  
M. Makarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Dominant Eye ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Theta Range

The differences in brain mechanisms that underlie the switch between involuntary and voluntary attention associated with gender were investigated. We compared reaction time, the number of errors and the electrical activity of the brain during the Emotional Stroop test on the background of visual content that contained affective images when presenting stimuli through a dominant and non-dominant eye in 20 men and 20 women. The model of significant cognitive load was created, when it is quite difficult to correctly respond to the relevant characteristics of the stimulus. Different patterns of brain activity have been found: in women, this task is accompanied by an increase in spectral power in the theta range of the predominantly left hemisphere; in men, the power of alpha rhythm in the parietal-occipital associative cortex decreases with the local increase of theta rhythm in the posterior-frontal areas and beta-rhythm in left prefrontal zone. Under the conditions of high cognitive load created by the distracting visual content and the perception of visual stimuli through the non-dominant eye, the brain mechanisms of voluntary attention provide a more thorough analysis of the relevant stimuli in women that is seen in accurate responses over a longer period in comparison with men.

Profil Penyakit Malaria Di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

Profil Penyakit Malaria di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana Y ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

scholarly journals Pure Motor Stroke Secondary to Cerebral Infarction of Recurrent Artery of Heubner after Mild Head Trauma: A Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Ali Yilmaz ◽  
Zahir Kizilay ◽  
Ayca Ozkul ◽  
Bayram Çirak
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Perforating Arteries ◽  
Pure Motor

BACKGROUND: The recurrent Heubner's artery is the distal part of the medial striate artery. Occlusion of the recurrent artery of Heubner, classically contralateral hemiparesis with fasciobrachiocrural predominance, is attributed to the occlusion of the recurrent artery of Heubner and is widely known as a stroke syndrome in adults. However, isolated occlusion of the deep perforating arteries following mild head trauma also occurs extremely rarely in childhood.CASE REPORT: Here we report the case of an 11-year-old boy with pure motor stroke. The brain MRI showed an acute ischemia in the recurrent artery of Heubner supply area following mild head trauma. His fasciobrachial hemiparesis and dysarthria were thought to be secondary to the stretching of deep perforating arteries leading to occlusion of the recurrent artery of Heubner.CONCLUSION: Post-traumatic pure motor ischemic stroke can be secondary to stretching of the deep perforating arteries especially in childhood.

Putative Blood Somatic Mutations in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Symptomatic Soldiers: High Impact of Cytoskeletal and Inflammatory Proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1723-1734
Author(s):  
Shlomo Sragovich ◽  
Michael Gershovits ◽  
Jacqueline C.K. Lam ◽  
Victor O.K. Li ◽  
Illana Gozes
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Brain

Background: We recently discovered autism/intellectual disability somatic mutations in postmortem brains, presenting higher frequency in Alzheimer’s disease subjects, compared with the controls. We further revealed high impact cytoskeletal gene mutations, coupled with potential cytoskeleton-targeted repair mechanisms. Objective: The current study was aimed at further discerning if somatic mutations in brain diseases are presented only in the most affected tissue (the brain), or if blood samples phenocopy the brain, toward potential diagnostics. Methods: Variant calling analyses on an RNA-seq database including peripheral blood samples from 85 soldiers (58 controls and 27 with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) was performed. Results: High (e.g., protein truncating) as well as moderate impact (e.g., single amino acid change) germline and putative somatic mutations in thousands of genes were found. Further crossing the mutated genes with autism, intellectual disability, cytoskeleton, inflammation, and DNA repair databases, identified the highest number of cytoskeletal-mutated genes (187 high and 442 moderate impact). Most of the mutated genes were shared and only when crossed with the inflammation database, more putative high impact mutated genes specific to the PTSD-symptom cohorts versus the controls (14 versus 13) were revealed, highlighting tumor necrosis factor specifically in the PTSD-symptom cohorts. Conclusion: With microtubules and neuro-immune interactions playing essential roles in brain neuroprotection and Alzheimer-related neurodegeneration, the current mutation discoveries contribute to mechanistic understanding of PTSD and brain protection, as well as provide future diagnostics toward personalized military deployment strategies and drug design.

Event-Related Potentials in Psychiatry: Approaches to Research and Clinical Applications

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Brain

This article suggests that the potential usefulness of event-related potentials in psychiatry has not been fully explored because of the limitations of various approaches to research adopted to date, and because the field is still undergoing rapid development. Newer approaches to data acquisition and methods of analysis, combined with closer co-operation between medical and physical scientists, will help to establish the practical application of these signals in psychiatric disorders and assist our understanding of psychophysiological information processing in the brain. Finally, it is suggested that psychiatrists should seek to understand these techniques and the data they generate, since they provide more direct access to measures of complex cerebral processes than current clinical methods.

Evidence of diffuse damage in frontal and occipital cortex in the brain of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricla Tavanti ◽  
Marco Battaglini ◽  
Federico Borgogni ◽  
Letizia Bossini ◽  
Sara Calossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Levels of biogenic amines in the brain of rats at experimental post-traumatic stress disorder development

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-810
Author(s):  
R V Deev ◽  
Yu M Shatrova ◽  
A I Sinitskiy ◽  
N S Molchanova ◽  
A K Yunusova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Brain

Aim. To study the changes in levels of biogenic amines-neurotransmitters in the brain at experimental post-traumatic stress disorder development in rats. Methods. Post-traumatic stress disorder was modeled by keeping 48 outbred male rats in under constant and inescapable strong unconditioned stimulus. The control group included 16 intact animals, not exposed to stress influences. The levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid were determined by fluorometric methods. Behavioral activity of animals was evaluated on the day 3, 7, 10 and 14 by «open field» and «elevated plus maze» actinographs. Results. When comparing the concentrations of studied neurotransmitters in the brain of control animals with experimental groups, reflecting the development of post-traumatic stress disorder at the time, adrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels were increased on the third day, level of norepinephrine was reduced on the seventh day, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, norepinephrine levels were elevaled, gamma-aminobutyric acid level was reduced on the tenth day, gamma-aminobutyric acid level was increased on the fourteenth day after the stress. Conclusion. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the largest contribution to the development of behavioral disorders are made by altered brain level of gamma-aminobutyric acid at the time of post-traumatic stress disorder formation (tenth and fourteenth day). At the earlier stages (third and seventh day), the relationship of rats behavioral activity and altered 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and norepinephrine brain levels was shown.

scholarly journals Behavioral and EEG reactions in primary school-aged children to emotionally colored verbal stimuli with the condition of their own or forced choice

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Aiusheeva ◽  
A.E. Saprygin ◽  
A.N. Savostyanov ◽  
V.V. Stеpanova
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Theta Range

The aim of the study is to compare behavioral and EEG reactions of primary school-aged children during the recognition of syntactic errors in emotionally (positively or negatively) colored sentences that appeal to the choice of the child differently. 20 children (mean age 9,0±0,3 years, 12 boys, 8 girls) were examined. We found out that the children with a high quality of solving a linguistic task concentrate all their attention on finding an error in the sentences, and children with a low quality of solving a task demonstrate increased emotionality, possibly connected with their unsuccessfulness. The strongest EEG reactions in the ranges of alpha- and theta- rhythms were recorded in children with slow speed and bad quality of the solution of the task. The recognition of sentences with negative emotions took longer than sentences with positive emotions. The increase of emotions (synchronization in theta range) during the recognition of negative sentences was provoked by the expectation of failure and “identification” with it. The children found the mistake better in the sentences with their own choice than in the sentences that describes the forced-choice situation. Desynchronization (i.e. decrease in the spectral power) and synchronization (i.e. increase in spectral power) was detected on the EEG in the alpha-rhythm range. Desynchronization was associated with the recognition of sentences describing the children’s own choice; synchronization was recorded when recognizing sentences describing the forced-choice situation.

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