scholarly journals MOBILE MICROFOCAL X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC COMPLEX IN THE IMAGING OF PREMATURE NEWBORNS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vladimirovich Alkhazishvili ◽  
Yuri Nikolaevich Potrakhov ◽  
Aleksandr Sergeevich Misyurin ◽  
Alexandr Valerievich Vodovatov ◽  
Aleksey Yur`evich Skripnik
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
X Ray ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Radiation Output ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Diagnostic Complex

Aim. Estimation of the diagnostic capabilities of microfocal X-ray diagnostic complex for the imaging of premature newborns. Materials and methods. The study was performed on the base of Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The study included X-ray examinations of 156 premature newborns using the method of microfocus radiography: 139 X-ray images of the chest, 17 X-ray images of the abdomen. Imaging was performed using the projection magnification technique with the patient positioned close to the X-ray source. Results. The microfocal X-ray images had the necessary quality for the diagnosis of pathological changes in the chest and abdomen for babies. Patient dose estimation was based on the radiation output of the X-ray unit and tube current-time product. For the maximum values of tube voltage, tube current and exposure time effective doses did not exceed 0.02 mSv, corresponding to negligible radiation risk category. Conclusion. Microfocal radiography allows performing informative X-ray examinations of premature newborns, especially using the projection magnification technique. The use of microfocal X-ray diagnostic complex allows reducing patient doses, increasing the mobility and usability of the X-ray equipment. The first experience of clinical application of microfocal radiography in neonatology and pediatrics with projection magnification of the X-ray image was evaluated as successful.

scholarly journals Effect of reconstruction methods and x-ray tube current-time product on nodule detection in an anthropomorphic thorax phantom: A crossed-modality JAFROC observer study

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1265-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Thompson ◽  
D. P. Chakraborty ◽  
K. Szczepura ◽  
A. K. Tootell ◽  
I. Vamvakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Observer Study ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Nodule Detection ◽  
Tube Current Time Product

The clinical significance of modifying X-ray tube current-time product based on prior image deviation index for digital radiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Takaki ◽  
Toshioh Fujibuchi ◽  
Seiichi Murakami ◽  
Takatoshi Aoki ◽  
Masafumi Ohki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Current Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deviation Index ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Tube Current Time Product

scholarly journals The results of anterior rectal resection with the formation of a hardware anastomosis in cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
E. N. Kolesnikov ◽  
A. V. Snezhko ◽  
V. S. Trifanov ◽  
M. A. Kozhushko ◽  
Yu. A. Fomenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Resection ◽  
Colorectal Anastomosis ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Anterior Rectal Resection ◽  
Intestinal Stoma ◽  
Mesenteric Excision

Purpose of the study. A retrospective analysis of the immediate results of performing anterior rectal resections in cancer. Materials and methods. In the Department of Abdominal Oncology No. 1 with a group of X-ray vascular methods of diagnosis and treatment of the clinic of the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia treatment for rectal cancer operations of anterior rectal resection were performed in 334 patients, while in 143 (42.8 %) cases they were low. As a standard, total mesenteric excision and lymphoid dissection in volume D2 were performed. Combined surgical interventions were performed in 68 (20.4 %) patients for locally spread tumors. As a rule, they were resection in nature and were performed with tumor infiltration of adjacent organs (bladder with ureters, ovaries, uterus, vagina, small intestine, abdominal wall). Colorectal anastomosis using crosslinking devices was formed in all cases, in 316 (94.6 %) cases it was a "side – to-end" junction, in 18 patients – "end-to-end". A preventive proximal intestinal stoma was formed in 73 (21.9 %) cases, where 67 cases it was an ileostomy, and 6 – a transversostomy. The preventive proximal intestinal stoma was not formed among 261 patients. Results. After performing anterior resections for rectal cancer operations, the complications developed in 75 (22.5 %) patients. The most threatening and dangerous complication was the failure of the colorectal anastomosis, which was noted in 12 (3.5 %) cases.This complication occurred in 8.2 % (6 patients out of 73) of preventatively stoma-treated patients, in 2.3 % of patients without a stoma (6 patients out of 261).Conclusion. The use of a preventive proximal intestinal stoma allows you to form a colorectal anastomosis even in the presence of complicated forms of rectal cancer. The number of complications directly referred to the formation of a preventive proximal intestinal stoma is relatively small, but when planning surgery for uncomplicated rectal cancer, the probability of their possible occurrence should be taken into account.

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

Comparison of different protocols for radiography of the premature newborns performed on microfocal x-ray units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Vodovatov ◽  
Yu. N. Potrakhov ◽  
N. N. Potrakhov ◽  
A. V. Alhazishvili ◽  
I. G. Shatskiy
Keyword(s):  
Premature Newborns ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Studies on laser-driven shocks using a Nd:glass laser

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Dhareshwar ◽  
N. Gopi ◽  
C.G. Murali ◽  
B.S. Narayan ◽  
U.K. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Peak Power ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Ablation Pressure ◽  
Laser Velocity ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Nd:Glass Laser

A review of work done on laser generated shocks in solids using a high-peak-power Nd:glass laser in the Laser and Plasma Technology Division of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is presented in this paper. The 20-J/5-ns Nd:glass laser used in the experiments is able to produce focused laser intensities in the range of 5 × 1011-1013 W/cm2 and a shock pressure in the range of 0.1–5 Mbar. A l-J/100-ps Nd:glass laser is also being developed for laser shock studies, details of which are presented. Several diagnostics have been developed for laser shock studies of which the main diagnostics are optical shadowgraphy, optical interferometry, and laser velocity interferometry for particle velocity measurement. The measurement of ablation pressure in various types of targets, the scaling of ablation pressure with laser intensity, the effect of laser beam nonuniformity on shockfront or ablation pressure uniformity, the smoothing of shockfront and pressure profiles in high-Z coated and high-Z doped targets, and so on, are the various experimental studies conducted. We have tried to study X-ray driven ablation in aluminum and plastic targets using gold and copper as X-ray producing targets. Uniform pressure of about 0.1 Mbar has been generated over an area of 4 mm2

scholarly journals Infectious safety during primary specialized accreditation in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Evgeny Germanovich Ripp ◽  
A. R. Fattakhov ◽  
T. M. Ripp ◽  
R. A. Postanogov ◽  
N. M. Iminov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Specialized Accreditation ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Technical Personnel ◽  
The Face ◽  
Simulation Center

This article is devoted to the organization of the work of the Accreditation and Simulation Center of the Institute of Medical Education of the Almazov National Medical Research Centre during the primary specialized accreditation in the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizational solutions, technological processes and routing of accredited (308 people), support and technical personnel (98 people) and employees of the Accreditation and Simulation Center (14 people) and members of accreditation commissions (67 people) are presented to ensure infectious safety and the effectiveness of the face-to-face practice-oriented stage of accreditation.

scholarly journals Transsphenoidal endoscopic appro ach in the treat ment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
V. Y. Cherebillo ◽  
S. A. Karpischenko ◽  
N. S. Puzakov ◽  
O. A. Stancheva
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Large Defect ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Treat Ment

Introduction. Spontaneous nasal liquorrhea is a pathological condition associated with defect between nasal cavity and intracranial structures that lead to the expiration of the CSF from the nasal cavity.The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal approach in the CSF leak treatment.Material and methods. For the period from 2008 to 2018, 38 patients with spontaneous nasal liquorrhea were examined and treated in Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, the clinic of neurosurgery of Kirov Medical Institute and Almazov National Medical Research Centre. All patients underwent plastic surgery of the CSF fistula by endoscopic endonasal aproach.Results. Only in 4 cases, there was a large defect, the failure of the closure of which required repeated surgical intervention in 1–2 weeks after the initial operation.Conclusion. The use of autologous tissues (muscle or fat autograft) is the method of choice for repeated surgical plastics of the cerebrospinal fluid fistula or in a large size defect (more than 5 mm).

scholarly journals Orthopedic treatment in cancer patients with maxillofacial pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
I. V. Pustovaya ◽  
M. A. Engibaryan ◽  
P. V. Svetitskiy ◽  
I. V. Aedinova ◽  
V. L. Volkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Orthopedic Treatment ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
The Aesthetic

Relevance. Staged orthopedic treatment was used to improve the quality of life of patients who underwent radical maxillofacial surgeries for cancer.Patients and methods. 197 patients receiving treatment for maxillofacial cancer were observed at the Department of head and neck tumors, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, in 1998- 2018. All patients underwent radical surgical treatment resulting in postoperative defects of the upper jaw, soft tissues of the zygomatic- buccal-orbital region, nose, or auricle.Results. Removable obturator prostheses with various supporting and retaining elements were made for 159 (80.7 %) patients. Individual facial prostheses were made for 38 (19.3 %) patients: 17 (44.7 %) – external orbital prostheses, 14 (36.8 %) – external nasal prostheses, 6 (15.8 %) – external zygomatic- buccal-orbital prostheses, 1 (2.7 %) – external auricle prosthesis. Combined prostheses were made for 4 patients– removable upper jaw obturator and nose prosthe[1]sis; removable upper jaw obturator and eye prosthesis. Combined prostheses were fixed to each other using magnets. The results of maxillofacial prosthetics were evaluated according to the aesthetic requirements of the patients and their quality of life. Maxillofacial prostheses allowed a complete restoration of chewing, swallowing, and speaking, restored facial deformation, and improved the appearance of patients.Conclusions. Timely and comprehensive orthopedic treatment of patients with postoperative maxillofacial defects after radical surgeries for malignant tumors takes the main place in the complex of rehabilitation measures. Early elimination of extensive defects is aimed at maximum restoration of oral dysfunctions and appearance preservation. The apparent advantages of maxillofacial prostheses involve improvement of social adaptation and the quality of life of patients, which promotes complete rehabilitation and a return to socially useful activities.

scholarly journals Systemic Puppet Therapy in Rehabilitation Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
O.A. Lanberg ◽  
L.G. Khayet ◽  
T.V. Kadinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Research Centre ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Resource Search ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Puppet Therapy ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Intellectual Level

The concept of systemic puppet therapy proposed by the authors is described. Therapeutic work with puppets is a promising method of psychological assistance as part of rehabilitation processes. Its insufficient use is due to its low structurality. The phased application of morphological analysis and synthesis made it possible to streamline the known and develop new effective methods of puppet therapy. The proposed systemic puppet therapy is an ordered polymodal set of static (lining on the table or on the floor of a puppet arranged set) and dynamic (presenting history on behalf of the puppet or staging a performance) methods, individual and group methods, face-to-face and remote forms of work, algorithms for their choice.The size, material and design of puppets, quantitative and qualitative composition of their therapeutic set are justified. Methods of puppet therapy of different degree of structuring and depth of exposure for patients with different level of intelligence are described, including category and scope of application of the technique, instructions to the patient, plan of results discussion,transformation procedure providing therapeutic effect. Implementing a polymodal approach, after working with puppets, patients painted, composed and analysed works of literature andart. The field of puppet therapy intersected with the fields of drama-, mask- and art therapy, body-oriented and verbal therapy, psychodrama and system arrangements. Puppet therapy content included work with feelings and emotions, with the process of communication and social roles, with verbal and non-verbal diagnostics and self-diagnostics, with personal features and a system of relationships,with values and needs, with existential problems of patients. Systemic puppet therapy is applicable to a wide range of nosological categories, therapeutic situations, physical condition, intellectual level, gender and age characteristics of patients.The conditions and examples of application of techniques in the National Medical Research Centre of Rehabilitation and Balneology with the tasks of correcting unproductive attitudes and the system of patient relations, correcting perceptions of oneself; capacity-building and resource search; development of a compliance installation and active participation in rehabilitation are given.

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